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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

monad
1. An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible. ... 2. <philosophy> The elementary and indestructible units which were conceived of as endowed with the power to produce all the changes they undergo, and thus determine all physical and spiritual phenomena. ... 3. <zoology> One of the smallest flangella …

monadelphous
<plant biology> Of stamens, united by their filaments into one bundle. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Monakow
Constantin von, Swiss histologist, 1853-1930. ... See: Monakow's bundle, Monakow's nucleus, Monakow's syndrome, Monakow's tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Monakow's bundle
Synonym for rubrospinal tract ... A somatotopically organised fibre bundle, relatively small in humans, arising from the red nucleus, immediately crossing in the ventral tegmental decussation, descending near the lateral surface of the brainstem into the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord at the ventral border of the lateral pyramidal tract. It te …

Monakow's nucleus
Synonym for accessory cuneate nucleus ... A cell group lateral to the cuneate nucleus which receives posterior-root fibres corresponding to the proprioceptive innervation of the arm and hand; it projects to the cerebellum by way of the cuneocerebellar tract, and can be considered the upper-extremity equivalent of the thoracic nucleus. ... Synonym: nu …

Monakow's syndrome
<syndrome> Contralateral hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, and homonomous hemianopsia due to occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Monakow's tract
Synonym for rubrospinal tract ... A somatotopically organised fibre bundle, relatively small in humans, arising from the red nucleus, immediately crossing in the ventral tegmental decussation, descending near the lateral surface of the brainstem into the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord at the ventral border of the lateral pyramidal tract. It te …

monaminuria
Synonym for monoaminuria ... The excretion of any monoamine in the urine. ... Synonym: monaminuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monangle
Having only one angle, denoting a dental instrument that has only one angle between the handle or shaft and the working portion (blade or nib). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monarch
1. A sole or supreme ruler; a sovereign; the highest ruler; an emperor, king, queen, prince, or chief. 'He who reigns Monarch in heaven, . Upheld by old repute.' (Milton) ... 2. One superior to all others of the same kind; as, an oak is called the monarch of the forest. ... 3. A patron deity or presiding genius. 'Come, thou, monarch of the vine, Plum …

monarchy
Origin: F. Monarchie, L. Monarchia, Gr. See Monarch. ... 1. A state or government in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands of a monarch. ... 2. A system of government in which the chief ruler is a monarch. 'In those days he had affected zeal for monarchy.' (Macaulay) ... 3. The territory ruled over by a monarch; a kingdom. 'What scourage for …

monarda
The leaves of Monarda punctata (family Labiatae), American horsemint, a labiate plant of the U.S. East of the Mississippi; the main commercial source of natural thymol; used as a carminative in colic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monarthric
Synonym for monarticular ... Relating to a single joint. ... Synonym: monarthric, uniarticular. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monarthritis
Arthritis of a single joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monarticular
Relating to a single joint. ... Synonym: monarthric, uniarticular. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monaster
The single star figure at the end of prophase in mitosis. ... Synonym: mother star. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Aster, star ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monathetosis
Athetosis affecting one hand or foot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monaural
Pertaining to one ear. ... Origin: mono-+ L. Auris, ear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monaxonic
1. Having but one axis, being therefore elongated and slender. ... 2. Having one axon. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Axon, axle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Monckeberg
Johann G., German pathologist, 1877-1925. ... See: Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis, Monckeberg's calcification, Monckeberg's degeneration, Monckeberg's sclerosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis
Arterial sclerosis involving the peripheral arteries, especially of the legs of older people, with deposition of calcium in the medial coat (pipestem arteries) but with little or no encroachment on the lumen. ... Synonym: medial arteriosclerosis, Monckeberg's calcification, Monckeberg's degeneration, Monckeberg's medial calcification, Monckeberg's s …

Monckeberg's calcification
Synonym for Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis ... Arterial sclerosis involving the peripheral arteries, especially of the legs of older people, with deposition of calcium in the medial coat (pipestem arteries) but with little or no encroachment on the lumen. ... Synonym: medial arteriosclerosis, Monckeberg's calcification, Monckeberg's degeneration, Monc …

Monckeberg's degeneration
Synonym for Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis ... Arterial sclerosis involving the peripheral arteries, especially of the legs of older people, with deposition of calcium in the medial coat (pipestem arteries) but with little or no encroachment on the lumen. ... Synonym: medial arteriosclerosis, Monckeberg's calcification, Monckeberg's degeneration, Monc …

Monckeberg's medial calcification
Synonym for Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis ... Arterial sclerosis involving the peripheral arteries, especially of the legs of older people, with deposition of calcium in the medial coat (pipestem arteries) but with little or no encroachment on the lumen. ... Synonym: medial arteriosclerosis, Monckeberg's calcification, Monckeberg's degeneration, Monc …

Monckeberg's sclerosis
Synonym for Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis ... Arterial sclerosis involving the peripheral arteries, especially of the legs of older people, with deposition of calcium in the medial coat (pipestem arteries) but with little or no encroachment on the lumen. ... Synonym: medial arteriosclerosis, Monckeberg's calcification, Monckeberg's degeneration, Monc …

Monday morning sickness
azoturia of horses ...

Mondini
C., Italian physician, 1729-1803. ... See: Mondini deafness, Mondini dysplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mondini deafness
The hearing loss resulting from the structural aberration of Mondini dysplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mondini dysplasia
Congenital anomaly of osseus and membranous labyrinth characterised by aplastic cochlea, and deformity of the vestibule and semicircular canals with partial or complete loss of auditory and vestibular function; may be associated with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea resulting in meningitis. ... See: Mondini deafness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mondonesi
Filippo, Italian physician. ... See: Mondonesi's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mondonesi's reflex
Synonym for bulbomimic reflex ... In a case of coma from severe apoplexy, pressure on the eyeballs causes contraction of the facial muscles of expression on the side opposite to the lesion; if coma due to diabetes, uraemia, or other toxic cause the reflex is present on both sides. ... Synonym: facial reflex, Mondonesi's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mondor
Henri, French surgeon, 1885-1962. ... See: Mondor's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mondor's disease
Thrombophlebitis of the thoracoepigastric vein of the breast and chest wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monellin
<protein> Basic nonglycosylated heterodimeric protein (44 and 50 residue protomers) that has intensely sweet taste. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

monensin
<chemical> A sodium ionophore (671D) from Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Has antibiotic properties and is used as a feed additive in chickens. Also used in ion selective electrodes. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

monesthetic
Relating to a single sense or sensation. ... Origin: mono-+ G. Aisthesis, sense perception ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monestrous
Having but one estrous cycle in a mating season. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

money
Origin: OE. Moneie, OF. Moneie, F. Monnaie, fr. L. Moneta. See Mint place where coin is made, Mind, and cf. Moidore, Monetary. ... 1. A piece of metal, as gold, silver, copper, etc, coined, or stamped, and issued by the sovereign authority as a medium of exchange in financial transactions between citizens and with government; also, any number of suc …

Monge Medrano
Carlos, Peruvian professor of medicine and high altitude specialist, 1884-1970. ... See: Monge's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Monge's disease
Synonym for chronic mountain sickness ... Loss of high altitude tolerance after prolonged exposure (e.g., by residence), characterised by extreme polycythemia, exaggerated hypoxaemia, and reduced mental and physical capacity; relieved by descent. ... Synonym: altitude erythraemia, chronic soroche, Monge's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mongolian
1. Relating to a member of the Mongolian race. ... 2. Obsolete. Relating to Down's syndrome (because of the Oriental facies). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mongolian fold
Synonym for epicanthal fold ... A fold of skin that comes down across the inner angle of the eye. The epicanthal fold is more common in children with Down syndrome and other birth defects than normal children and so is of value in diagnosis. Although some dictionaries state that this eye fold is found in peoples of Asian origin, this is not true. Th …

mongolian macula
Synonym for mongolian spot ... <dermatology> A benign bluish or bruised-appearing birthmark that is usually located on the lower back or buttocks. More common in dark-skinned races and may persist for months to years. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

mongolian spot
<dermatology> A benign bluish or bruised-appearing birthmark that is usually located on the lower back or buttocks. More common in dark-skinned races and may persist for months to years. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

mongolians
<ethnology> One of the great races of man, including the greater part of the inhabitants of China, Japan, and the interior of Asia, with branches in Northern Europe and other parts of the world. By some American Indians are considered a branch of the Mongols. In a more restricted sense, the inhabitants of Mongolia and adjacent countries, incl …

mongolism
Synonym for Down's syndrome ... <genetics, syndrome> A congenital disorder in which a person is born with three copies of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). ... Clinical features include moderate to severe mental retardation, slanting eyes, a broad short skull, broad hands and short fingers. Other congenital abnormalities include heart defects, oesoph …

mongoloid race
A major racial group distinguished by classification according to physical features. This group centres around the pacific ocean and includes the malayan, northern and southern chinese, mongolian, siberian, eskimo, and american indian. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mongooses
Agile, keen-sighted mammals of asia and africa that feed on rodents and snakes. They represent several genera in the family viverridae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Moniezia expansa
The broad tapeworm (family Anoplocephalidae) of sheep and cattle, occurring in the small intestine and reaching a length of 4-5 meters; infections are usually benign. Cysticercoids develop in soil-dwelling oribatid mites commonly ingested with grass by herbivores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monieziasis
Infection of ruminants with tapeworms of the genus moniezia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monilated
Synonym for moniliform ... <cell biology> Cylindrical but constricted at regular intervals like a string of beads. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

monilethrix
An autosomal dominant trichodystrophy in which brittle hairs show a series of constrictions, usually without a medulla. ... Synonym: beaded hair, moniliform hair. ... Origin: L. Monile, necklace, + G. Thrix, hair ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monilia
A yeast-like fungus now called Candida. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Moniliaceae
A family of Fungi Imperfecti (order Moniliales) which includes Sporothrix schenckii, the causative agent of sporotrichosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monilial
Precisely, pertaining to the Monilia, but, in medicine, frequently used incorrectly with reference to the genus Candida. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

moniliasis
Synonym for candidiasis ... <gastroenterology, microbiology, oncology> Infection with a fungus of the genus Candida. ... It is usually a superficial infection of the moist cutaneous areas of the body and is generally caused by Candida albicans, it most commonly involves the skin (dermatocandidiasis), oral mucous membranes (oral candidiasis), re …

moniliasis pneumonia
Pneumonia due to species of Candida, usually C. Albicans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

moniliform
<cell biology> Cylindrical but constricted at regular intervals like a string of beads. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

moniliform hair
Synonym for monilethrix ... An autosomal dominant trichodystrophy in which brittle hairs show a series of constrictions, usually without a medulla. ... Synonym: beaded hair, moniliform hair. ... Origin: L. Monile, necklace, + G. Thrix, hair ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

moniliformis
A genus of roundworms of the phylum acanthocephala, parasitic in rats, mice, hamsters, dogs and cats. Occasional infection in man produces inflammation and ulceration of the intestinal mucosa. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

moniliid
Minute macular or papular lesions occurring as an allergic reaction to monilial infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monism
1. <psychology> That doctrine which refers all phenomena to a single ultimate constituent or agent; the opposite of dualism. ... The doctrine has been held in three generic forms: matter and its phenomena have been explained as a modification of mind, involving an idealistic monism; or mind has been explained by and resolved into matter, givin …

monistic
Pertaining to monism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monitor
1. One who admonishes; one who warns of faults, informs of duty, or gives advice and instruction by way of reproof or caution. 'You need not be a monitor to the king.' (Bacon) ... 2. Hence, specifically, a pupil selected to look to the school in the absence of the instructor, to notice the absence or faults of the scholars, or to instruct a division …

monitor, holter
A technique for long-term, continuous cardiac surveillance. A cassette tape is worn by the patient continuously while carrying out his/her usual activities. The patient simultaneously keeps a diary of palpitations or other symptoms during the recording period. Symptoms of palpitations can later be correlated with the presence or absence of arrhythm …

monitoring
<investigation> The process of continually checking, observing, recording or testing the operation of some procedure. Monitoring occurs for example during anaesthesia or radiation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

monitoring, ambulatory
The use of electronic equipment to observe or record physiologic processes while the patient undergoes normal daily activities. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monitoring, immunologic
Testing of immune status in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer, immunoproliferative and immunodeficiency disorders, and autoimmune abnormalities. Changes in immune parameters are of special significance before, during and following organ transplantation. Strategies include measurement of tumour antigen and other markers (often by radioimmunoassay) …

monitoring, intraoperative
The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monitoring, physiologic
The continuous measurement of physiological processes, blood pressure, heart rate, renal output, reflexes, respiration, etc., in a patient or experimental animal; includes pharmacologic monitoring, the measurement of administered drugs or their metabolites in the blood, tissues, or urine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monk
1. A man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns of the world, and devotes himself to religion; one of a religious community of men inhabiting a monastery, and bound by vows to a life of chastity, obedience, and poverty. 'A monk out of his cloister.' 'Monks in some respects agree with regulars, as in the substantial vows of religion; but in …

monkey
Origin: Cf. OIt. Monicchio, It. Monnino, dim. Of monna an ape, also dame, mistress, contr. Fr. Madonna. See Madonna. ... 1. <zoology> In the most general sense, any one of the Quadrumana, including apes, baboons, and lemurs. Any species of Quadrumana, except the lemurs. ... Any one of numerous species of Quadrumana (especially. Such as have a l …

monkey B virus
Synonym for B virus ... A herpesvirus, in the family Herpesviridae, affecting Old World monkeys, that is very similar morphologically to herpes simplex virus; fatal infection may occur in humans following the bite of an infected monkey, although other modes of transmission have also been documented. ... Synonym: monkey B virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monkey diseases
Diseases of old world and new world monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= ape diseases). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monkey hand
Synonym for ape hand ... A deformity marked by extension of the thumb in the same plane as the palm and fingers. ... Synonym: monkey hand, monkey-paw. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monkey malaria
Synonym for simian malaria ... Plasmodial infection of monkeys and apes, as with human malaria, transmitted chiefly by anopheline mosquitoes; a number of Plasmodium species are responsible, with Southeast Asia and Africa being the apparent centres of evolution; among the 20 plasmodial agents described from nonhuman primates, some resemble and induce …

monkey-paw
Synonym for ape hand ... A deformity marked by extension of the thumb in the same plane as the palm and fingers. ... Synonym: monkey hand, monkey-paw. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monkeypox
A disease of monkeys and, rarely, of man caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the family Poxviridae; the human disease clinically resembles smallpox. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monkeypox virus
A species of orthopoxvirus causing an epidemic disease among captive primates. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mono
1. <zoology> The black howler of Central America (Mycetes villosus). ... 2. <prefix> The participation or involvement of a single element or part. ... Compare: uni-. ... Origin: G. Monos, single ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

mono-amelia
Absence of one limb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoacylglycerol
<biochemistry> Glycerol with an acyl moiety esterified to position 1 (i.e., 1-monoacylglycerol) or position 2 (i.e., 2-monoacylglycerol); an intermediate in the degradation and synthesis of lipids; 2 monoacylglycerols are a major end product of triacylglycerol degradation. ... Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase, an intestinal enzyme that catalys …

monoacylglycerol lipases
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of glycerol monoesters of long-chain fatty acids. ... Chemical name: Glycerol-ester acylhydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.23 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monoamide
<biochemistry> A molecule containing one amide group. ... Synonym: monamide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoamine
<biochemistry> A molecule containing one amine group. ... Synonym: monamine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoamine neurotransmitters
Synonym for biogenic amines ... A group of naturally occurring amines derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of the natural amino acids. Many have powerful physiological effects (e.g., histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, tyramine). Those derived from aromatic amino acids, and also their synthetic analogs (e.g., amphetamine), are of use in pharmacology. …

monoamine oxidase
<enzyme> Catalysing breakdown of several biogenic amines, such as serotonin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

monoamine oxidase inhibitor
<pharmacology> A drug that interferes with the action of monoamine oxidase, slowing the breakdown of certain neurotransmitters. Used in the treatment of depression. ... Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are a group of antidepressant drugs that prevent the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase in the central nervous system (brain) thus affecting …

monoamine oxidase inhibitors
A chemically heterogeneous group of drugs that have in common the ability to block oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. Although mao inhibitors are probably as effective as tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of major depression, the complex, sometimes severe, and often unpredictable interactions between mao inhibitors an …

monoaminergic
Referring to nerve cells or fibres that transmit nervous impulses by the medium of a catecholamine or indolamine. ... Origin: monoamine + G. Ergon, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoaminuria
The excretion of any monoamine in the urine. ... Synonym: monaminuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoamniotic
Denoting two or more progeny of a multiple pregnancy that have shared a common amniotic sac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoarthritis
<radiology> Traumatic, infectious, septic, granulomatous (TB, etc.), crystal-induced (gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease), rheumatoid arthritis, pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monoarticular
Involving just one joint. As opposed to polyarticular (affecting many joints). From the latin articulus, meaning a joint. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

monoassociated
Denoting a germ-free organism that becomes colonised by a single microbial species. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monoauxotroph
A mutant microorganism that requires a particular nutrient that is not required by the wild type organism. ... Compare: auxotroph, polyauxotroph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monobactam
A class of antibiotic that has a monocyclic beta-lactam nucleus and is structurally different from other beta-lactams; e.g., aztreonam. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monobactams
Monocyclic, bacterially produced or semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics. They lack the double ring construction of the traditional beta-lactam antibiotics and can be easily synthesised. Addition of therapeutically proven penicillin and cephalosporin side chains to the monobactam nucleus will yield other beta-lactamase-resistant and more efficaceo …

monobasic acid
An acid containing one ionizable atom of hydrogen in the molecule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

monobasic ammonium phosphate
(NH4)H2PO4;used in baking powder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...