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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

mistletoe
<botany> Bearing a glutinous fruit. When found upon the oak, where it is rare, it was an object of superstitious regard among the Druids. A bird lime is prepared from its fruit. ... Alternative forms: misletoe, misseltoe, and mistleto. ... The mistletoe of the United States is Phoradendron flavescens, having broader leaves than the European kin …

mistress
1. A woman having power, authority, or ownership; a woman who exercises authority, is chief, etc.; the female head of a family, a school, etc. 'The late queen's gentlewoman! a knight's daughter! To be her mistress' mistress!' (Shak) ... 2. A woman well skilled in anything, or having the mastery over it. 'A letter desires all young wives to make them …

misty
1. Accompained with mist; characterised by the presence of mist; obscured by, or overspread with, mist; as, misty weather; misty mountains; a misty atmosphere. ... 2. Obscured as if by mist; dim; obscure; clouded; as, misty sight. 'The more I muse therein [theology], The mistier it seemeth.' (Piers Plowman) ... Origin: AS. Mistig. See Mist. In some s …

MIT
<abbreviation> Monoiodotyrosine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mitchell
Silas Weir, U.S. Neurologist, poet, and novelist, 1829-1914. ... See: Mitchell's disease, Mitchell's treatment, Gerhardt-Mitchell disease, Weir Mitchell's disease, Weir Mitchell treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mitchell's disease
Synonym for erythromelalgia ... Disease marked by paroxysmal, bilateral vasodilatation, particularly of the extremities, with burning pain, and increased skin temperature and redness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Mitchell's treatment
Treatment of mental illness by rest, nourishing diet, and a change of environment. ... Synonym: Weir Mitchell treatment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mite
1. <zoology> A minute arachnid, of the order Acarina, of which there are many species; as, the cheese mite, sugar mite, harvest mite, etc. See Acarina. ... 2. [D. Mijt; prob. The same word] A small coin formerly circulated in England, rated at about a third of a farthing. The name is also applied to a small coin used in Palestine in the time o …

mite infestations
Infestations with arthropods of the order acarina other than the suborder ixodides. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mite typhus
Synonym for tsutsugamushi disease ... See Typhus, scrub. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mite-born typhus
Synonym for rickettsialpox ... A mild infectious disease first observed in new york city caused by rickettsia akari, transmitted from its mouse host by chigger or adult mite bites. There is fever, a dark spot that becomes a small ulcer at the site of the bite, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy) in that region, and a raised blistery (vesicular) rash. A …

mite-borne typhus
Scrub: typhus, a mite-borne infectious disease caused by a microorganism, rickettsia tsutsugamushi, characteristically with fever, headache, a raised (macular) rash, swollen glands (lymphadenopathy) and a dark crusted ulcer (called an eschar or tache noire) at the site of the chigger (mite larva) bite. This disease occurs in the area bounded by jap …

mitella
A sling for the arm. ... Origin: L. Dim. Of mitra, a bandage, band ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mites
Any arthropod of the order acarina except the ticks. They are minute animals related to the spiders, usually having transparent or semitransparent bodies. They may be parasitic on man and domestic animals, producing various irritations of the skin (acariasis or mite infestations). Many mite species are important to human and veterinary medicine as …

mithramycin
An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces argillaceus and S. Tanashiensis; possesses antineoplastic activity. ... Synonym: aureolic acid, mitramycin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mithridate
<medicine> An antidote against poison, or a composition in form of an electuary, supposed to serve either as a remedy or a preservative against poison; an alexipharmic; so called from King Mithridates, its reputed inventor. '[Love is] a drop of the true elixir; no mithridate so effectual against the infection of vice.' (Southey) ... Source: We …

mithridatism
Immunity against the action of a poison produced by small and gradually increasing doses of the same. ... Origin: Mithridates, King of Pontus (132-63 B.C.), supposedly an unsuccessful suicide (by poison) because of repeated small doses taken to become invulnerable to assassination by poison ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miticidal
Destructive to mites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miticide
An agent destructive to mites. ... Origin: mite + L. Caedo, to kill ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitigate
Synonym: palliate. ... Origin: L. Mitigo, pp. -atus, to make mild or gentle, fr. Mitis, mild, + ago, to do, make ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitigation
Steps taken to avoid or minimise negative environmental impacts. Mitigation can include: avoiding the impact by not taking a certain action; minimising impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action; rectifying the impact by repairing or restoring the affected environment; reducing the impact by protective steps required with the action; …

mitis
Mild. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitobronitol
<chemical> 1,6-dibromo-1,6-dideoxy-d-mannitol. Brominated analog of mannitol which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, alkylating. ... Chemical name: D-Mannitol, 1,6-dibromo-1,6-dideoxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitochondria
<cell biology> A small intracellular organelle which is responsible for energy production and cellular respiration. ... See: cytochrome. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

mitochondria, heart
The mitochondria of the myocardium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitochondria, muscle
Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which mitochondria, heart is available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitochondrial
Referring to mitochondria. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitochondrial chromosome
The DNA component of mitochondria, the chief function of which is synthesis of adenosine triphosphate and the management of cellular energy; the chromosome contains some 16,000 base pairs arranged in a circle. The inheritance is matrilineal, and the mutation rate is unusually high; since each cell contains thousands of copies a mutant form may assu …

mitochondrial disease
<disease, neurology> An illnesse, frequently neurological, which can be ascribed to defects in mitochondrial function. If the defect is in the mitochondrial rather than the nuclear genome unusual patterns of inheritance can be observed. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mitochondrial encephalomyopathies
Brain diseases associated with disease of the muscles, accompanied by morphological changes in the muscle mitochondria and their metabolism. The mitochondrial encephalopathies are often multisystemic and vary considerably in age at onset, distribution of weakness, severity, and course. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase deficiency appears to be imp …

mitochondrial gene
A functioning gene located not in the nucleus of a cell but in the mitochondrial chromosome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitochondrial genome
All of the DNA in the mitochondrial chromosome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitochondrial inheritance
The inheritance of a trait encoded in the mitochondrial genome. Because of the oddities of mitochondria, mitochondrial inheritance does not obey the classic rules of genetics. Persons with a mitochondrial disease may be male or female but they are always related in the maternal line and no male with the disease can transmit it to his children. ... ( …

mitochondrial matrix
Synonym for matrix mitochondrialis ... The substance occupying the space enclosed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion; it contains enzymes, filaments of DNA, ribosomes, granules, and inclusions of protein crystals, glycogen, and lipid. ... Synonym: mitochondrial matrix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitochondrial membrane
The double biomembrane surrounding the mitochondrion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitochondrial myopathies
Diseases of the muscles characterised by morphologic changes in mitochondria and often associated with excessive lipid accumulation. Muscle biopsies reveal 'the presence of overly abundant and large mitochondria (often containing abnormal inclusions and cristae) in many muscle fibres. The terms mitochondrial and lipid storage have been used interch …

mitochondrial sheath
The spirally arranged mitochondria in the middle piece of a spermatozoon; may control movement of the tail. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitochondrial swelling
Increase in volume of mitochondria due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitochondrion
Highly pleiomorphic organelle of eukaryotic cells that varies from short rod like structures present in high number to long branched structures. Contains DNA and mitoribosomes. Has a double membrane and the inner membrane may contain numerous folds (cristae). The inner fluid phase has most of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and some of …

mitogen
A substance which is able to induce mitosis of certain eukaryotic cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

mitogenesis
<cell biology> The process of stimulating transit through the cell cycle especially as applied to lymphocytes. Concanavalin A is a mitogen for T lymphocytes, the best mitogen for B lymphocytes is Cowan strain Stapylococcus aureus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mitogenetic
Pertaining to the factor or factors promoting cell mitosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitogenic
Causing mitosis or transformation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitogens
Substances that stimulate mitosis and lymphocyte transformation. They include not only substances associated with lectins, but also substances from streptococci (associated with streptolysin s) and from strains of alpha-toxin-producing staphylococci. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitoguazone
<chemical> 1,1-[(methylethanediylidene)dinitrilo]diguanidine. Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukaemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, enzyme inhibitors. ... Chemical name: Hydrazinecarboximidamide, 2,2'-(1-meth …

mitolactol
<chemical> 1,6-dibromo-1,6-dideoxygalactitol. Alkylating antineoplastic toxic to bone marrow; used in breast cancer, also in combination with other drugs. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, alkylating. ... Chemical name: Galactitol, 1,6-dibromo-1,6-dideoxy- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitomycin
Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus, variants of which are designated mitomycin A, mitomycin B, etc.; mitomycin C is an antineoplastic agent and a bacteriocide; inhibits DNA synthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitomycin C
<drug> Aziridine antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus. Inhibits DNA synthesis by cross linking the strands. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mitomycins
<chemical> A group of methylazirinopyrroloindolediones obtained from certain streptomyces strains. They are very toxic antibiotics used as antineoplastic agent in some solid tumours. Porfiromycin and mitomycin c are the most useful members of the group. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, antineoplastic. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitoplast
<cell biology> Isolated mitochondria without their outer membranes. They have finger like processes and retain the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mitoribosome
<cell biology> Mitochondrial ribosomes, these more closely resemble prokaryotic ribosomes than cytoplasmic ribosomes of the cells in which they are found, though they are even smaller and have fewer proteins than bacterial ribosomes. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mitosis
<cell biology> A method of indirect division of a cell, consisting of a complex of various processes, by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes characteristic of the somatic cells of the species. Mitosis, the process by which the body grows and replaces cells, is divided into …

mitotane
<chemical> 1-chloro-2-(2,2-dichloro)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylbenzene. A derivative of the insecticide ddd that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumours and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, horm …

mitotic
Pertaining to mitosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitotic apparatus
Synonym for spindle ... See: mitosis, spindle fibre. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mitotic cell selection
A drug-free procedure for the selection of mitotic cells from an exponentially growing monolayer. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

mitotic cycle
Synonym for cell cycle ... <cell biology, molecular biology> The sequence of events between mitotic divisions. The cycle is conventionally divided into G0, G1, (G standing for gap), S (synthesis phase during which the DNA is replicated), G2 and M (mitosis). ... Cells that will not divide again are considered to be in G0 and the transition from …

mitotic death
<cell biology> Cells fatally damaged by ionising radiation may not die until the next mitosis, at which point the radiation damage to the DNA becomes evident, particularly when there is fragmentation of chromosomes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mitotic division
Synonym for mitosis ... <cell biology> A method of indirect division of a cell, consisting of a complex of various processes, by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes characteristic of the somatic cells of the species. Mitosis, the process by which the body grows and replaces …

mitotic figure
The microscopic appearance of a cell undergoing mitosis; a cell of which the chromosomes are visible by the light microscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitotic index
<cell biology, molecular biology> The fraction of cells in a sample that are in mitosis. It is a measure of the relative length of the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mitotic nondisjunction
Failure of the two members of a chromosome pair to separate (disjoin) during mitosis so that both go to one daughter cell and none to the other. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitotic period
The period of the cell cycle in which all phases of mitosis occur. ... Synonym: M phase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitotic rate
The proportion of cells in a tissue that are undergoing mitosis, expressed as a mitotic index or, roughly, as the number of cells in mitosis in each microscopic high-power field in tissue sections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitotic recombination
<genetics, molecular biology> Somatic crossing over. Crossing over can occur between homologous chromosomes during mitosis, but is very rare because the chromosomes do not normally pair. When it occurs it can lead to new combinations of previously linked genes. Although infrequent, mitotic recombination has been utilised for genetic analysis …

mitotic segregation
<genetics> Mitotic recombination. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mitotic shake off method
<cell biology, procedure> A method of collecting cells in mitosis, so that the chromosomes can be examined and the karyotype determined. Many cultured cells round up during mitosis and so become less firmly attached to the culture substratum. Cells in mitosis thus can be removed into suspension by gentle shaking of the culture vessel, leaving …

mitotic spindle
See: spindle and mitosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mitotic spindle apparatus
An organelle consisting of three components: 1) the astral microtubules, which form around each centrosome and extend to the periphery; 2) the polar microtubules which extend from one spindle pole to the equator; and 3) the kinetochore microtubules, which connect the centromeres of the various chromosomes to either centrosome. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitoxantrone
<chemical> An anthracenedione antineoplastic agent. It is particularly effective against advanced breast cancer, acute leukaemia, and malignant lymphoma. It has mild side effects, especially with respect to nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and cardiotoxicity. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, antineoplastic agent. ... Chemical name: 9,10-Anth …

mitoxantrone hydrochloride
1,4-Dihydro-5,8-bis[[2-[2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]ethyl]anthraquinone dihydrochloride;a synthetic anti-neoplastic used intravenously in the initial therapy for acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia in adults. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitral area
The region of the chest over the apex of the heart, where the sounds, normal or pathologic, produced at the mitral valves are usually heard most distinctly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitral cells
Large nerve cell's in the olfactory lobe of the brain whose dendrites synapse (in glomeruli) with axons of the olfactory receptor cell's of the nasal mucous membrane, and whose axons pass centrally in the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitral commissurotomy
<procedure> Opening the narrowed mitral orifice for the relief of mitral stenosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitral facies
The pink, slightly cyanosed cheeks of patients with mitral valve disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitral gradient
The diastolic pressure difference between the left atrium and left ventricle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitral incompetence
<cardiology> The back flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium through a defective mitral bicuspid valve. The most common cause for mitral regurgitation is rheumatic fever. ... Other causes include: myocardial infarction, massive calcification of the mitral annulus (in the elderly), lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious endoc …

mitral insufficiency
Malfunction of the mitral valve. Mitral insufficiency allows the backflow of blood (regurgitation) from the left ventricle into the left atrium. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitral murmur
A murmur produced at the mitral valve, either obstructive or regurgitant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitral orifice
An atrioventricular opening which leads from the left atrium into the left ventricle of the heart. ... Synonym: ostium atrioventriculare sinistrum, ostium arteriosum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitral prolapse
Drooping down or abnormal bulging of the mitral valve cusps during the contraction of the heart. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitral regurgitation
Synonym for mitral incompetence ... <cardiology> The back flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium through a defective mitral bicuspid valve. The most common cause for mitral regurgitation is rheumatic fever. ... Other causes include: myocardial infarction, massive calcification of the mitral annulus (in the elderly), lupus, rhe …

mitral stenosis
<cardiology> A congenital or acquired heart valve abnormality that describes the narrowing and ineffective opening of the mitral valve. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

mitral tap
The palpable equivalent of the opening snap of the mitral valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitral valve
<anatomy, cardiology> The heart valve that divides the left atrium and left ventricle. During left atrial contraction, the mitral valve opens to allow blood to flow into the left ventricle. Upon closure, the mitral valve prohibits the regurgitation of blood back into the left atrium. The mitral valve is the only heart valve that has only 2 va …

mitral valve insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium, owing to imperfect functioning of the mitral valve. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitral valve prolapse
<cardiology> A systolic click-murmur syndrome, floppy-valve syndrome and billowing mitral leaflet syndrome. A common, but highly variable (most individuals are asymptomatic), clinical syndrome that has been described in up to 7% of all females in the 14 to 30 age group. There is also an increased familial incidence suggesting an autosomal dom …

mitral valve prolapse syndrome
<syndrome> The clinical constellation of findings with or without symptoms due to prolapse of the mitral valve: a nonejection systolic click accentuated in the standing posture, sometimes multiple, sometimes with mitral regurgitation occurring relatively late in systole, and accompanied by echocardiographic evidence of the mitral valve prolap …

mitral valve stenosis
A rheumatic disease causing diffuse thickening of the mitral valve leaflets by fibrous tissue or calcific deposits. (harrisons' principles of internal medicine, 13th ed, p1052) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mitral valvotomy
<procedure> Deliberate incision or enlargement by inserting a finger in the mitral valve due to mitral stenosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitralization
Straightening of the left heart border on a chest radiograph due to prominence of the left atrial appendage or the pulmonary outflow tract; an unreliable indication of mitral valve disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitramycin
Synonym for mithramycin ... An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces argillaceus and S. Tanashiensis; possesses antineoplastic activity. ... Synonym: aureolic acid, mitramycin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mitre
1. A covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries. It has been made in many forms, the present form being a lofty cap with two points or peaks. ... 2. The surface forming the beveled end or edge of a piece where a miter joint is made; also, a joint formed or a junction effected by two beveled ends or edges; a miter joint. …

Mitrofanoff principle
Synonym for appendicovesicostomy ... <procedure> Use of an isolated appendix on a vascularised pedicle as a catheterizable route of access to the bladder from the skin. ... Synonym: Mitrofanoff principle. ... Origin: eppendico-+ L. Vesica, bladder, + G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mitrofanoff, Paul
<person> French paediatric surgeon, *1934. ... See: Mitrofanoff principle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mitsuda
Kensuke, Japanese physician, *1876. ... See: Mitsuda antigen, Mitsuda reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mitsuda antigen
An autoclaved suspension of human tissue naturally infected with Mycobacterium leprae; used to produce the Mitsuda reaction in a lepromin test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mitsuda reaction
A delayed hypersensitivity lepromin reaction, in the form of erythematous papular nodules, at the site of intradermal injection of Mitsuda antigen in a lepromin test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mitsuo
Gentaro, Japanese ophthalmologist, 1876-1913. ... See: Mitsuo's phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mitsuo's phenomenon
Restoration of the normal colour of the fundus with dark adaptation in Oguchi's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...