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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

micrography
<technique> Examination with the microscope. ... Origin: Gr. Graphein = to write ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

microgyria
Abnormal narrowness of the cerebral convolutions. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Gyros, convolution ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microhabitat
<biology> Specific combination of habitat elements in the place occupied by an organism for a specific purpose. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

microhepatia
Abnormal smallness of the liver. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Hepar (hepat-), liver ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microheterogeneity
Slight differences in structure between essentially identical molecules; e.g., in the saccharide portion of a glycoprotein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microincineration
Combustion, in a furnace, of organic constituents in a tissue section so that the remaining mineral ash can be examined microscopically. ... Synonym: spodography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microincision
An incision made with the aid of a microscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microinjection
The insertion of a substance into a cell through a microelectrode. Typical applications include the injection of drugs, histochemical markers (such as horseradish peroxidase or lucifer yellow) and RNA or DNA in molecular biological studies. To extrude the substances through the very fine electrode tips, either hydrostatic pressure (pressure injecti …

microinjector
An instrument for infusion of very small amounts of fluids or drugs into animals or humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microinstability
<radiobiology> Instabilities due to particle / kinetic- theoretical effects, typically occuring on small scales, as opposed to those derivable from fluid models valid on larger scales. As with other instabilities, these are driven by various types of available free energy. (See also kinetic theory.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

microinvasion
Invasion of tissue immediately adjacent to a carcinoma in situ, the earliest stage of malignant neoplastic invasion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microinvasive carcinoma
<tumour> A variety of carcinoma seen most frequently in the uterine cervix, in which carcinoma in situ of squamous epithelium, on the surface or replacing the lining of glands, is accompanied by small collections of abnormal epithelial cells that infiltrate a very short distance into the stroma; this may represent the earliest stage of invasi …

microkatal
One-millionth of a katal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microkymatotherapy
Treatment with high frequency radiations of 3,000,000,000 Hz (3000 MHz), at a wavelength of 10 cm. ... Synonym: microwave therapy. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Kyma, a wave, + therapeia, treatment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microlecithal egg
An egg containing a small amount of deutoplasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microleukoblast
Synonym for micromyeloblast ... A small myeloblast, often the predominating cell in myeloblastic leukaemia. ... Synonym: microleukoblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microlite
<chemical> ... 1. A rare mineral of resinous luster and high specific gravity. It is a tantalate of calcium, and occurs in octahedral crystals usually very minute. ... 2. <chemical> A minute inclosed crystal, often observed when minerals or rocks are examined in thin sections under the microscope. ... Origin: Micro-. ... Source: Websters Di …

microliter
One-millionth of a liter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microlithiasis
The formation, presence, or discharge of minute concretions, or gravel. ... Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, microscopic granules of calcium or bone disseminated throughout the lungs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micrology
1. <study> That part of science which treats of microscopic objects, or depends on microscopic observation. ... 2. Attention to petty items or differences. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

micromania
<psychiatry> A delusion of self-depreciation, or that one's own body is of minute size. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Mania, frenzy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromanipulation
The performance of dissections, injections, surgery, etc., by the use of micromanipulators (attachments to a microscope that manipulate tiny instruments). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

micromanipulator
<microscopy> A mechanical device for making small movements in order to manipulate microscopic probes. ... A mechanical device for making small movements in order to manipulate or treat a microscopic object with a fine needle, small forceps, micropipette, or other very small tool. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

micromazia
Condition in which the breasts are rudimentary and functionless. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Mazos, breast ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromelia
Condition of having disproportionately short or small limbs. ... See: achondroplasia. ... Synonym: nanomelia. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Melos, limb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromelic dwarfism
Dwarfism with abnormally short or small limbs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromerozoite
A small merozoite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micrometastasis
Undetectable spread of cancer outside of the breast that is not seen on routine screening tests. Metastasis is too limited to have created enough mass to be observed. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

micrometastatic
Denoting or characterised by micrometastasis, as in micrometastatic disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micrometastatic disease
The condition of a patient who has had all clinically evident cancer removed, but who may be expected to have a recurrence from metastases that are too small to be apparent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micrometer
An instrument, used with a telescope or microscope, for measuring minute distances, or the apparent diameters of objects which subtend minute angles. The measurement given directly is that of the image of the object formed at the focus of the object glass. Circular, or Ring, micrometer, a metallic ring fixed in the focus of the object glass of a te …

micrometre
One-millionth of a metre, or ten to the minus sixth metre (abbreviated um), the unit used for measuring microorganisms. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

micrometre disk
<microscopy> A glass disk engraved with a suitable scale, used at the diaphragm of a micrometre ocular. The scale to be focused by the eye lens has to be seen in the field of view. Micrometre eye piece. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

micromicro-
<prefix> Prefix formerly used to signify one-trillionth (10-12); now pico-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromicrogram
Former term for picogram. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromicron
Former term for picometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microminerals
Synonym for trace elements ... A group of chemical elements that are needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of an organism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

micromolar
Denoting a concentration of 10-6 mole per liter (10-6 m or 1 um). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromole
One-millionth of a mole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromonospora
A genus of gram-positive bacteria that forms a branched mycelium. It commonly occurs as a saprophytic form in soil and aquatic environments. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

micromonosporaceae
A family of gram-positive, saprophytic bacteria occurring in soil and aquatic environments. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

micromotoscope
<instrument> A cinematoscope for representing the movements of amoebas and other motile microscopic objects. ... Origin: micro-+ L. Motus, motion, + G. Skopeo, to view ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromyelia
Abnormal smallness or shortness of the spinal cord. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Myelos, marrow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromyeloblast
A small myeloblast, often the predominating cell in myeloblastic leukaemia. ... Synonym: microleukoblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micromyeloblastic leukaemia
A form of myelocytic leukaemia in which relatively large proportions of micromyeloblasts are found in the circulating blood and in bone marrow and other tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microneedle
A small glass needle used in micrurgical manipulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microneme
A small, osmiophilic, cordlike twisted organelle found in the anterior region of many sporozoans; one of the characteristics that helps to define the subphylum Apicomplexa. ... Synonym: sarconeme. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Nema, thread ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micronesia
The collective name for islands of the pacific ocean east of the philippines, including the mariana, palau, caroline, marshall, and kiribati islands. Micronesia is from the greek micro, small + nesos, island, so named because the islands in this group are much smaller than those in melanesia. Micronesia is inhabited by a mixed race of melanesians, …

micronic
Of the size of 1 micron (micrometer). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micronise
<procedure> To reduce to a fine powder, to reduce to particles a micron in diameter. ... Origin: Gr. Micron = a small thing ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

micronodular
Characterised by the presence of minute nodules; denoting a somewhat coarser appearance than that of a granular tissue or substance. ... Origin: G. Mikros, small ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micronuclei
Nuclei, separate from and additional to the main nucleus of a cell, produced during the telophase of mitosis or meiosis by lagging chromosomes or chromosome fragments derived from spontaneous or experimentally induced chromosomal structural changes. This concept also includes the smaller, reproductive nuclei found in multinucleate protozoans. ... (1 …

micronucleus
<cell biology> The smaller nucleus in ciliate protozoans, fully active in inheritance and passed after meiosis to conjugating pairs. Gives rise to the macronucleus or macronuclei. Genes in the micronucleus are not actively transcribed. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

micronucleus tests
Induction and quantitative measurement of chromosomal damage leading to the formation of micronuclei in cells which have been exposed to genotoxic agents or ionizing radiation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

micronutrient
A vitamin or mineral that the body must obtain from outside sources. Micronutreints are essential to the body in small amounts because they are either components of enzymes (the minerals) or act as coenzymes in managing chemical reactions. ... See: Vitamin. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

micronutrients
Essential dietary elements required only in small quantities. They are present in the body in amounts less than .005% of body weight. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

micronychia
Abnormal smallness of nails. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Onyx, nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micronystagmus
Nystagmus of so small an amplitude that it is not detected by the usual clinical tests. ... Synonym: minimal amplitude nystagmus. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Nystagmos, a nodding ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microorganism
<microbiology> A microscopic organism, those of medical interest include bacteria, viruses, algae, fungi and protozoa. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

microparasite
A parasitic microorganism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microparasites
<epidemiology> Typically, viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. More generally, parasites which multiply within their definitive hosts. Microparasites are characterised by small size, short generation times, and a tendency to induce immunity to reinfection in those hosts that survive. The duration of infection is usually short in relation to …

microparticle enzyme immunoassay
A technique in which the solid-phase support consists of very small microparticles in liquid suspension. Specific reagent antibodies are covalently bound to the microparticles. Antigen, if present, is then 'sandwiched' between bound antibodies and antigen-specific, enzyme-labelled antibodies. Antigen-antibody complexes are detected and quantitated …

micropathology
The microscopic study of disease changes. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Pathos, suffering, + logos, study ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micropenis
Abnormally small penis. ... Synonym: microphallus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microperoxidase
<enzyme> Part of a cytochrome C molecule that retains haem group and has peroxidase activity. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microperoxisome
<cell biology> Small peroxisomes of 150-250 nm diameter found in most cells. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microphage
A polymorphonuclear leukocyte that is phagocytic. ... See: phagocyte. ... Synonym: microphagocyte. ... Origin: micro-+ phag(ocyte) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microphagocyte
Synonym for microphage ... A polymorphonuclear leukocyte that is phagocytic. ... See: phagocyte. ... Synonym: microphagocyte. ... Origin: micro-+ phag(ocyte) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microphallus
A congenital underdevelopment of the penis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

microphobia
<psychology> Fear of minute objects, microorganisms, germs, etc. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microphone
<physics> An instrument for intensifying and making audible very feeble sounds. It produces its effects by the changes of intensity in an electric current, occasioned by the variations in the contact resistance of conducting bodies, especially of imperfect conductors, under the action of acoustic vibrations. ... Origin: Micro- + Gr. Sound, voi …

microphonia
Microphony ... Synonym: hypophonia. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Phone, voice ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microphonoscope
<instrument> A stethoscope with a diaphragm attachment for magnifying the sound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microphotograph
<microscopy> A small, microscopic photograph, in which the image is minified, it requires enlarging or the use of a lens system in order to view it. ... See: photomicrograph. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

microphthalmos
Congenital or developmental anomaly in which the eyeballs are abnormally small. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microphyllidious
Small, leaf-shaped. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

micropinocytosis
Pinocytosis of small vesicles (around 100 nm in diameter). Not blocked by cytochalasins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

micropipette
Micropipet ... A pipette designed for the measurement of very small volumes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microplania
Decreased horizontal diameter of erythrocytes. ... Origin: micro-+ L. Planus, flat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microplasia
Stunted growth, as in dwarfism. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Plasis, a shaping, forming ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microplasmodesmata
Fine pores occuring in the septa of certain filamentous prokaryotes, such as actinomycetes and cyanobacterial trichomes. These pores are used for communication (exchange of metabolites) between two adjacent cells which are separated by septa. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

microplethysmography
The technique of measuring minute changes in the volume of a part as a result of blood flow into or out of it. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micropodia
Abnormal smallness of the feet. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Pous, foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micropore
An organelle formed by the pellicle of all stages of sporozoan protozoa of the subphylum Apicomplexa and also found in developmental stages that may lack the inner pellicle layer; it is composed of two concentric rings (in transverse section), the inner of which corresponds with an invagination of the outer pellicle membrane. Micorpores thus far ob …

micropore filter
A filter made of a meshwork of cellulose acetate or nitrate and with defined pore size. They can be autoclaved and the smaller pore sizes (0.22m,0.45m) are used for sterilising heat labile materials by filtering out micro organisms. Larger pore size filters are used in setting up Boyden chambers. They are about 150m thick and should be distinguishe …

microprecipitation test
A precipitation test in which reduced quantities of test reagents are used. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microprobe
Synonym for electron microprobe ... A technique of elemental analysis in the electron microscope based on spectral analysis of the scattered X-ray emission from the specimen induced by the electron beam. Using this technique it is possible to obtain quantitative data on, for example: the calcium concentration in different parts of a cell, but it is …

micropromyelocyte
A cell derived from a promyelocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micropropagation
The use of biotechnological methods to grow large numbers of plants from very small pieces of plants, often from single cells using tissue culture methods. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

microprosopia
A condition characterised by an abnormally small or imperfectly developed face. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Prosopon, face ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micropsia
Perception of objects as smaller than they are. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Opsis, sight ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micropuncture
A puncture made with the aid of a microscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micropyle
1. Small hole or aperture in the protective tissue surrounding a plant ovule, through which the pollen tube enters at fertilization. Develops into a small hole in the seed coat through which, in many cases water enters at germination. ... 2. Perforation in the shell (chorion) of an insect egg through which the sperm enters at fertilization. ... (18 N …

microradiography
Production of a radiographic image of a small or very thin object on fine-grained photographic film under conditions which permit subsequent microscopic examination or enlargement of the radiograph at linear magnifications of up to several hundred and with a resolution approaching the resolving power of the photographic emulsion (about 1000 lines p …

microradiography, contact
<microscopy> A method of making micrographs by means of X-rays. The specimen is placed close to a fine-grained photographic emulsion at some distance from the X-ray source. The X rays pass through the specimen and the differential absorption and the scattering of the radiation is recorded by the emulsion. The resulting negative is examined an …

microrefractometer
A refractometer used in the study of blood cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microrespirometer
An apparatus for measuring the utilization of oxygen by small particles of isolated tissues or cells or particles of cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsaccades
Minute to and fro movements of the eyes. ... Origin: micro-+ Fr. Saccade, sudden check (of a horse) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsatellite
<molecular biology> Short sequences of di- or trinucleotide repeats of very variable length distributed widely throughout the genome. Using PCR primers to the unique sequences upstream and downstream of a microsatellite their location and polymorphism can be determined and the technique is extensively used in investigating genetic association …

microsatellite repeats
A variety of simple di- (dinucleotide repeats), tri- (trinucleotide repeats), tetra-, and pentanucleotide tandem repeats that are dispersed in the euchromatic arms of most chromosomes. The dinucleotide repeat of guanine and thymine, (gt)n, is the most common of these dispersed repeats. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...