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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


meteorite
<chemical> A mass of stone or iron which has fallen to the earth from space; an aerolite. ... Meteorites usually show a pitted surface with a fused crust, caused by the heat developed in their rapid passage through the earth's atmosphere. A meteorite may consist: 1. Of metallic iron, alloyed with a small percentage of nickel (meteoric iron, ho …

meteoroids
Any solid objects moving in interplanetary space that are smaller than a planet or asteroid but larger than a molecule. Meteorites are any meteoroid that has fallen to a planetary surface. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

meteorological factors
The atmospheric phenomena which pertain to climate and weather. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

meteoropathy
Rarely used term for ill health due to climatic conditions. ... Origin: G. Meteora, things high in the air, + pathos, suffering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

meteorotropic
Denoting diseases affected in their incidence by the weather. ... Origin: G. Meteora, things high in the air, + G. Tropos, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

meter
1. One who, or that which, metes or measures. See Coal-meter. ... 2. An instrument for measuring, and usually for recording automatically, the quantity measured. Dry meter, a gas meter having measuring chambers, with flexible walls, which expand and contract like bellows and measure the gas by filling and emptying. Wt meter, a gas meter in which the …

meter angle
The amount of convergence required to view binocularly an object 1 meter distant and exerting 1 diopter of accommodation. ... Synonym: unit of ocular convergence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

meter-candle
Synonym for lux ... A unit of light or illumination; the reception of a luminous flux of 1 lumen per square meter of surface. ... Synonym: candle-meter, meter-candle. ... Abbreviation: lx ... Origin: L. Light ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

meter-kilogram-second system
An absolute system based on the meter, kilogram, and second; the basis of the International System of Units. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

meter-kilogram-second unit
An absolute unit of the meter-kilogram-second system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

metergasia
Change of function. ... Origin: G. Meta, denoting change, + ergasia, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

metergoline
An ergot derivative with a pharmacological profile similar to methysergide; a nonselective blocker of serotonin receptors. Used as an analgesic in migraine headache. ... Synonym: methergoline. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

metesthesiologist
1. A proposed substitute for the term anaesthesiologist to indicate the extent to which the clinical practice of a physician trained in administration of anaesthetics has expanded beyond the operating room into resuscitation, critical care, management of acute and chronic pain. ... 2. A physician board certified and legally qualified both to adminis …

metesthesiology
Proposed substitute for the term anaesthesiology to indicate the extent to which the specialty previously based almost completely on administration of anaesthetics has come to involve equally important roles and responsibilities outside the operating room, including management of acute and chronic pain, and care of critically ill patients and women …

metestrus
Short period following estrus during which the phenomena of estrus subside in those animals in which pseudopregnancy does not occur. Does not apply to humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

metflurazon-N-demethylase
<enzyme> A cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase; mediates the n-demethylation of the pyridazinone herbicide metflurazon to form norflurazon and san 9774 ... Registry number: EC 1.13.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

metformin
<chemical> A biguanide hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves improves glycaemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. ... Pharmacological action: hypoglycaemic agents. ... Chemical name: I …

meth-
Chemical prefixes usually denoting a methyl, methoxy group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methacholine chloride
<chemical> A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. It has also been used in the treatment of glaucoma and in the treatment of raynaud's syndrome and other vasospastic conditions. ... Pharmacological action: bronchoconstrictor agent, mioti …

methacholine compounds
A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta-methylacetylcholine (methacholine). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methacrylate resin
Polymerised methacrylic acid;a translucent plastic material, used for the manufacture of various medical appliances, surgical instruments, and seating components used in total joint replacement; it possesses the optical properties of fused quartz, and is readily molded when heated; formerly used in electron microscopy for embedding tissues, now sup …

methacrylates
Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the c-2 position with a methyl group. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methacrylic acid
Occurs in oil from Roman camomile; used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics. ... Synonym: methylacrylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methacycline
<chemical> (4s-(4 alpha,4a alpha,5 alpha,5a alpha,12a alpha))-4-dimethylamino-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,5,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methylene-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide. A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to tetracycline but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.
methacycline hydrochloride
6-Methylene-5-hydroxytetracycline hydrochloride;an antimicrobial agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methadone
<chemical> A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of morphine. It also has a depressant action on the cough centre and may be given to control intractable cough associated with terminal lung cancer. Methadone is also used a …

methadone hydrochloride
6-Dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone hydrochloride;a synthetic narcotic drug; an orally effective analgesic similar in action to morphine but with slightly greater potency and longer duration. It produces psychic and physical dependence as with morphine, but withdrawal symptoms are somewhat milder; used as a replacement (oral route) for morphin …

methadyl acetate
<chemical> 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanol acetate (ester). A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. It is used mainly in the treatment of narcotic dependence. ... Pharmacological action: analgesics, opioid, narcotics. ... Chemical name: Benzeneethanol, beta-(2-(dimethylamino)propyl)-alpha-ethyl-beta-phenyl-, ace …

methaemoglobin
<haematology> An oxidized form of haemoglobin containing ferric iron that is produced by the action of oxidizing poisons. Nonfunctional. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

methaemoglobinaemia
<haematology> A clinical condition in which more than 1% of the haemoglobin in the blood has been oxidized to the ferric (Fe3+) state. The principle finding is cyanosis due to the oxidized haemoglobins inability to transport oxygen. Nitrites can cause this condition and it has been reported in commercial meat packers. Treatment may include as …

methallenestril
A,alpha-Dimethyl-beta-ethyl-6-methoxy-2-naphthalene propionic acid;an orally effective, nonsteroid oestrogenic compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methallibure
<chemical> 1-methyl-6-(1-methylallyl)-2,5-dithiobiurea. A dithiobiurea compound with anti-gonadotropic activity. ... Pharmacological action: hormone antagonists. ... Chemical name: 1,2-Hydrazinedicarbothioamide, N-methyl-N'-(1-methyl-2-propenyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methamphetamine
<chemical> A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to dextroamphetamine. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic agents, adrenergic uptake inhibitors, appetite depressants, central nervous system …

methamphetamine base
A form of methamphetamine that can be readily volatilised. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methamphetamine hydrochloride
D-Desoxyephedrine hydrochloride; d-N,alpha-dimethylphenethylamine hydrochloride, 'speed';a sympathomimetic agent that exerts greater stimulating effects upon the central nervous system than does amphetamine; widely used by drug abusers via the oral and intravenous ('mainlining') routes; strong psychic dependence may develop. ... Synonym: methylamphe …

methampyrone
Synonym for dipyrone ... <chemical> ((2,3-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1h-pyrazol-4-yl)methylamino)methanesulfonic acid. A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of aminopyrine. Because of the risk of serious adverse effects its use is justified only in serious situations where …

methandienone
Synonym for methandrostenolone ... <chemical> A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. ... Pharmacological action: anabolic steroids. ... Chemical name: Androsta-1,4-dien-3-one, 17-hydroxy-17-methyl-, (17beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methandriol
<chemical> A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic properties. ... Pharmacological action: anabolic steroids. ... Chemical name: Androst-5-ene-3,17-diol, 17-methyl-, (3beta,17beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methandrostenolone
<chemical> A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. ... Pharmacological action: anabolic steroids. ... Chemical name: Androsta-1,4-dien-3-one, 17-hydroxy-17-methyl-, (17beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methane
<chemistry> A light, colourless, gaseous, inflammable hydrocarbon, CH4; marsh gas. See Marsh gas, under Gas. ... <chemistry> Methane series, a series of saturated hydrocarbons, of which methane is the first member and type, and (because of their general chemical inertness and indifference) called also the paraffin (little affinity) serie …

methane monooxygenase
<enzyme> Mmoc encodes protein c of soluble methane monooxygenase (smmo); pmmo (membrane-associated methane monooxygenase) contains 4 moles of nonheme iron and 1 mole of copper per mole enzyme complex ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.25 ... Synonym: methane monooxygenase component a, methane monooxygenase component c, methane monooxygenase hydrox …

methanesulfonic acid monooxygenase
<enzyme> Catalyses conversion of methanesulfonic acid to formaldehyde and sulfite; requires NADH; consists of a, b, and c components; component c is an iron-sulfur protein ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: msa monooxygenase, msmc component ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

methanobacteriaceae
A family of anaerobic, coccoid to rod-shaped methanobacteriales. Cell membranes are composed mainly of polyisoprenoid hydrocarbons ether-linked to glycerol. Its organisms are found in anaerobic habitats throughout nature. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methanobacteriales
An order of anaerobic, coccoid to rod-shaped methanogens, in the kingdom euryarchaeota. They are nonmotile, do not catabolise carbohydrates, proteinaceous material, or organic compounds other than formate or carbon monoxide, and are widely distributed in nature. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Methanobacterium
<bacteria> A genus of strictly anaerobic bacteria that reduce carbon dioxide using molecular hydrogen, H2, to give methane. They show a number of features that distinguish them from other bacteria and are now classified as a separate group, the Archaebacteria. ... Methanobacteria are found in the anaerobic sediment at the bottom of ponds and m …

methanochondrion
<plant biology> A structure of involuted plasma membrane found in many methanogenic bacteria and thought to be an organelle of methane formation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

methanococcaceae
A family of anaerobic methanococcales whose organisms are motile by means of flagella. These methanogens use carbon dioxide as an electron acceptor. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methanococcales
An order of anaerobic methanogens in the kingdom euryarchaeota. They are pseudosarcina, coccoid or sheathed rod-shaped and catabolise methyl groups. The cell wall is composed of protein. The order includes one family, methanococcaceae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methanococcus
A genus of anaerobic coccoid methanococcaceae whose organisms are motile by means of polar tufts of flagella. These methanogens are found in salt marshes, marine and estuarine sediments, and the intestinal tract of animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methanogen
A methane-producing prokaryote, member of the Archaea. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

methanogenesis
The biological production of methane. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

methanogens
Common name of organisms requiring completely anaerobic conditions for growth and producing methane gas as a catabolic product. Methanogens are found in the bovine stomach, swamp mud, and other environments in which oxygen is not present. There are four taxonomic orders: methanobacteriales, methanococcales, methanomicrobiales, and methanosarcinales …

methanol
A toxic, colourless, flammable alcohol which is used in some antifreeze and to manufacture formaldehyde. It can cause blindness and other nervous system damage if ingested ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

methanol fixative
A fixative used with dry blood films, and often incorporated into the stain used. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methanol oxidase
<enzyme> Contains fad and flavin semiquinone; from the yeast hansenula polymorpha ... Registry number: EC 1.1.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

methanol poisoning
Poisoning by ingestion of methanol or wood alcohol. This ingestion leads to a severe metabolic acidosis and can also cause blindness. Liver and kidney damage can result. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

methanomicrobiaceae
A family of anaerobic methanomicrobiales whose cells are coccoid to straight or slightly curved rods. There are three genera: methanogenium, methanomicrobium, and methanospirillum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methanomicrobiales
An order of anaerobic, highly specialised methanogens, in the kingdom euryarchaeota. Its organisms are nonmotile or motile, with cells occurring as coccoid bodies, pseudosarcina, or rods. They are widely distributed in nature. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methanosarcina
A genus of anaerobic, irregular spheroid-shaped methanosarcinales whose organisms are nonmotile. Endospores are not formed. These archaea derive energy via formation of methane from acetate, methanol, mono-, di-, and trimethylamine, and possibly, carbon monoxide. Organisms are isolated from freshwater and marine environments. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methanosarcina barkeri
A species of halophilic archaea whose organisms are nonmotile. Habitats include freshwater and marine mud, animal-waste lagoons, and the rumens of ungulates. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methanosarcinaceae
A family of anaerobic methanosarcinales whose cells are mesophilic or thermophilic and appear as irregular spheroid bodies or sheathed rods. These methanogens are found in any anaerobic environment including aquatic sediments, anaerobic sewage digesters and gastrointestinal tracts. There are four genera: methanosarcina, methanolobus, methanothrix, …

methanosarcinales
An order of anaerobic methanogens in the kingdom euryarchaeota. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methanospirillum
A genus of anaerobic rod-shaped methanomicrobiaceae whose organisms are progressively motile by means of polar, tufted flagella. These methanogens have been isolated from sewage-sludge and pear waste digesters as well as marine and non-marine habitats. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methanotroph
An organism capable of oxidizing methane. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

methantheline bromide
C21H26BrNO3; beta-diethylaminoethyl-9-xanthenecarboxylate methobromide;an anticholinergic drug. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methapyrilene
<chemical> Histamine h1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies. ... Pharmacological action: anti-allergic agents, histamine h1 antagonists, sedatives, nonbarbiturate. ... Chemical name: 1,2-Ethanediamine, N,N-dimethyl-N'-2-pyridinyl-N'-(2-thienylmethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methaqualone
<chemical> A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. ... Pharmacological action: sedatives, nonbarbiturate. ... Chemical name: 4(3H)-Quinazolinone, 2-methyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

metharbital
5,5-Diethyl-1-methylbarbituric acid;an N-methylated derivative of barbital with anticonvulsant properties similar to those of phenobarbital; converted to barbital in the body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methargen
2,2'-Dinaphthylmethane-3,3'-disulfonic acid disilver salt;a topical antiseptic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methazolamide
<chemical> A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma. ... Pharmacological action: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, diuretics. ... Chemical name: Acetamide, N-(5-(aminosulfonyl)-3-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ylidene)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

metHb
<abbreviation> Methemoglobin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methdilazine hydrochloride
10-(1-Methyl-3-pyrrolidylmethyl)phenothiazine hydrochloride;a phenothiazine compound with antihistaminic activity; used in the treatment of various dermatoses to relieve pruritus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methemalbumin
A 1:1 molar complex of haem or haematin and albumin formed after the dissociation of methemoglobin into haem or haematin and globin in plasma. This complex, which imparts a coffee-brown colour to plasma, occurs in haemolytic and haemorrhagic disorders. Its presence in plasma is used as a test to differentiate between haemorrhagic and edematous panc …

methemalbuminaemia
The presence of methemalbumin in the circulating blood, indicative of haemoglobin breakdown; found in some patients with blackwater fever or paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria; described as a means of differentiating severe (haemorrhagic) from mild (edematous) pancreatitis, and also has been described in other acute conditions such as strangulati …

methemoglobin
Haemoglobin in a form incapable of carrying oxygen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methemoglobin reductase
<enzyme> An erythrocyte enzyme which catalyses the reduction of methemoglobin (ferrihemoglobin) to haemoglobin (ferrohemoglobin). Deficiency produces the inherited disease familial methemoglobinaemia. In the absence of methemoglobin, the enzyme can also reduce methylene blue. ... Registry number: EC 1.6.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methemoglobinaemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of haemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinaemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemogl …

methemoglobinuria
The presence of methemoglobin in the urine. ... Origin: methemoglobin + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methenamine
<chemical> An antibacterial agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its antibacterial action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, urinary. ... Chemical name: 1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)decane ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methenamine hippurate
Hexamethylenetetramine hippurate;a urinary antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methenamine mandelate
C14H20N4O3;a urinary antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methenamine salicylate
Hexamethylenetetramine salicylate;a uric acid solvent and urinary antiseptic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methenamine-silver
A hexamethylenetetramine-silver complex prepared by adding silver nitrate to methenamine; a white precipitate appears in the solution which dissolves upon shaking and is stable under refrigeration; used in various histological and histochemical staining methods. ... See: Gomori's methenamine-silver stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methenolone
<chemical> A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action. ... Pharmacological action: anabolic steroids. ... Chemical name: Androst-1-en-3-one, 17-hydroxy-1-methyl-, (5alpha,17beta)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methergoline
<chemical> A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to bromocriptine as a dopamine agonist and also for migraine therapy. ... Pharmacological action: dopamine agonists, serotonin antagonists. ... Chemical name: Carbamic acid, (((8beta)-1,6-dimethylergolin-8-yl)methyl)-, phenylmethyl ester ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methicillin
<drug> Penicillinase resistant penicillin antibiotic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

methicillin resistance
Non-susceptibility of a microbe to the action of methicillin, a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methicillin sodium
Sodium 2,6-dimethoxyphenylpenicillin monohydrate;a semisynthetic penicillin salt for parenteral administration; restriction of its use to infections caused by penicillin G-resistant staphylococci is recommended; it is less effective than penicillin G in infections caused by haemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, gonococci, and penicillin G-sensitive …

methimazole
<chemical> 1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2h-imidazole-2-thione. A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase …

methiocarb
<chemical> 4-(methylthio)-3,5-xylyl-n-methylcarbamate. Insecticide, molluscacide, acaricide. ... Pharmacological action: insecticide, carbamate, molluscacides. ... Chemical name: Phenol, 3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylthio)-, methylcarbamate ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methiocarb sulfoxidase
<enzyme> Sulfide is oxidised to sulfoxide; from microsomes of soybean cotyledons; did not require NADP, fad of cytochrome p450 cofactors ... Registry number: EC 1.8.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

methiodal sodium
An iodine-containing radiopaque medium, formerly used for examination of the urinary tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methionine
<biochemistry> Contains the SCH3 group that can act as a methyl donor (see S adenosyl methionine). Common in proteins but at low frequency. The met x linkage is subject to specific cleavage by cyanogen bromide. ... See: formyl peptides. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

methionine acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses the amino-terminal acetylation ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: methionine n(alpha)-acetyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

methionine adenosyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of s-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. ... Chemical name: ATP:L-methionine S-adenosyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.5.1.6 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

methionine decarboxylase
<enzyme> From fern dryopteris filix-mas; pyridoxal 5'-phosphate required for activity; converts methionine to 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde ... Registry number: EC 4.1.1.57 ... Synonym: l-methionine decarboxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

methionine malabsorption syndrome
<syndrome> An inherited disorder in which there is an inability to absorb l-methionine from the gut. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

methionine puddle
<biochemistry> A term used to describe a region of a protein surface composed of a cluster of methionine side chains. Proposed as the active hydrophobic site of calmodulin and also of signal recognition particle (SRP). The concept is of a highly fluid hydrophobic patch. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

methionine S-methyltransferase
<enzyme> Catalyses synthesis of s-methylmethionine from l-methionine and s-adenosylmethionine ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.12 ... Synonym: s-adenosyl-l-methionine - l-methionine s-methyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

methionine sulfoxide reductase
<enzyme> Do not confuse with msra gene product from staphylococcus ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: msra gene product, e. Coli, peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase, peptide msra gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...