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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

MI
A term used to describe irreversible injury to heart muscle. Also called a heart attack. ... See: infarction. ... Common symptoms include substernal, crushing chest pain that may radiate to the jaw or arms. Chest pains may be associated with nausea, sweating and shortness of breath. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

mianeh disease
Synonym for Persian relapsing fever ... A tick-borne relapsing fever, occurring in the Middle East, caused by Borrelia persica and transmitted by Ornithodoros tholozani and possibly by Ornithodoros lahorensis. ... Synonym: mianeh disease, mianeh fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mianeh fever
Synonym for Persian relapsing fever ... A tick-borne relapsing fever, occurring in the Middle East, caused by Borrelia persica and transmitted by Ornithodoros tholozani and possibly by Ornithodoros lahorensis. ... Synonym: mianeh disease, mianeh fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mianserin
<chemical> A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and haematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine h1, and some types of serotonin receptors. ... Pharmacological action: adrenergic alpha-antagonists, antidepres …

mianserin hydrochloride
1,2,3,4,10,14b-Hexahydro-2-methyldibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2a]azepine monohydrochloride;an antihistaminic with antiserotonin activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miasma theory
An explanation of the origin of epidemics, based on the false notion that they were caused by air of bad quality, e.g., emanating from rotting vegetation in marshes or swamps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mibelli
Vittorio, Italian dermatologist, 1860-1910. ... See: Mibelli's angiokeratomas, Mibelli's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mibelli's angiokeratomas
Telangiectatic small papules of the extremities, common in adolescent girls. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mibelli's disease
Synonym for porokeratosis ... A rare, chronic, progressive autosomal dominant disorder seen most often in males and usually appearing in early childhood. It is characterised by the formation of slightly atrophic patches surrounded by an elevated, keratotic border. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

MIBG
<radiology> I-131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine, hot guano, localises catecholamine secretion, for detection of pheochromocytoma ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

MIBG scintiscan
<investigation, radiology> A nuclear scan that images the adrenal glands after a radioactive tracer is injected into the bloodstream. This test is useful in detecting a pheochromocytoma, particularly if it not within the adrenal gland. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

MIC
<abbreviation> Minimal inhibitory concentration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mica
<chemical> The name of a group of minerals characterised by highly perfect cleavage, so that they readily separate into very thin leaves, more or less elastic. They differ widely in composition, and vary in colour from pale brown or yellow to green or black. The transparent forms are used in lanterns, the doors of stoves, etc, being popularly …

micatosis
Pneumoconiosis due to inhalation of mica particles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mice
The common name for the species mus musculus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice minute virus
The type species of parvovirus prevalent in mouse colonies and found as a contaminant of many transplanted tumours or leukaemias. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, inbred cftr
A strain of mice widely studied as a model for cystic fibrosis. These mice are generated from embryonic stem cells in which the cftr (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene is inactivated by gene targeting. As a result, all mice have one copy of this altered gene in all their tissues. Mice homozygous for the disrupted gene exhibi …

mice, inbred hrs
Homozygous, permanently near-hairless mice which lose their hair at about 10 days of age. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, inbred mdx
A strain of mice arising from a spontaneous mutation (mdx) in inbred c57bl mice. This mutation is x chromosome-linked and produces viable homozygous animals that lack the muscle protein dystrophin, have high serum levels of muscle enzymes, and possess histological lesions similar to human muscular dystrophy. The histological features, linkage, and …

mice, inbred mrl lpr
A mouse substrain that is genetically predisposed to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome, which has been found to be clinically similar to the human disease. It has been determined that this mouse strain carries a mutation in the fas gene. Also, the mrl/lpr is a useful model to study behavioural and cognitive deficits foun …

mice, inbred nod
A strain of non-obese diabetic mice developed in japan that has been widely studied as a model for T-cell-dependent autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in which insulitis is a major histopathologic feature, and in which genetic susceptibility is strongly MHC-linked. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, inbred sencar
Mice selectively bred for hypersusceptibility to two-stage chemical skin carcinogenesis. They are also hypersusceptible to uv radiation tumourigenesis with single high-dose, but not chronic low-dose, exposures. Sencar (sensitive to carcinogenesis) mice are used in research as an animal model for tumour production. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, inbred strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, jimpy
Myelin-deficient mutants which are from the inbred tabby-jimpy strain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, knockout
Mice whose genome contains a gene whose function has been disrupted, or 'knocked-out'. A common method of producing disabled genes using recombinant DNA technology is by inserting an antibiotic resistance gene into the normal DNA sequence of a clone of the gene being studied. This disrupts the gene's action, thereby preventing it from making an act …

mice, mutant strains
Mice bearing mutant genes which are phenotypically expressed in the animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, neurologic mutants
Mice which carry mutant genes for neurologic defects or abnormalities. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, nude
Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene 'nude' which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumour studies and studies on immune responses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, obese
Mutant mice exhibiting a marked obesity coupled with overeating, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, marked insulin resistance, and infertility when in a homozygous state. They may be inbred or hybrid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, quaking
Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene, quaking (qk), associated with disorder in myelin formation and manifested by axial tremors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mice, scid
Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene 'scid' which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of b- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodef …

mice, transgenic
Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated egg or embryo. The technique involves microinjection of foreign DNA fragments into the nucleus of the fertilised egg and transferring it into the uterus of a foster mother mouse. The inserted gene becomes integrated into every cell and tissue of the developing mouse, including i …

micellar
Having the properties of an assemblage of micelles, i.e., of a gel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micelle
1. <biochemistry> A globule of lipid molecules in water where their nonpolar ends face inward and their polar tails face outward. ... 2. <chemistry> A colloid particle formed by an aggregation of small molecules. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

micelles
Electrically charged colloidal particles or ions consisting of oriented molecules; aggregates of a number of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Michaelis complex
Binary complex of an enzyme. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Michaelis constant
<chemistry> The true dissociation constant for the enzyme-substrate binary complex in a single-substrate rapid equilibrium enzyme-catalyzed reaction (usually symbolised by Ks), the concentration of the substrate at which half the true maximum velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is achieved (when velocities are measured under initial rate …

Michaelis-Gutmann body
<radiology> A rounded homogenous or concentrically laminated body, 1 to 10 u in diameter, containing calcium apatite and iron; found within macrophages in the bladder wall in malakoplakia. ... (12 Jul 2000) ...

Michaelis-Menten constant
Synonym for Michaelis constant ... <chemistry> The true dissociation constant for the enzyme-substrate binary complex in a single-substrate rapid equilibrium enzyme-catalyzed reaction (usually symbolised by Ks), the concentration of the substrate at which half the true maximum velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is achieved (when velociti …

Michaelis-Menten equation
<chemistry> Equation derived from a simple kinetic model for a single-substrate non-cooperative enzyme-catalyzed reaction that successfully accounts for the hyperbolic adsorption isotherm) relationship between substrate concentration and reaction rate. ... V = Vmax x S/(S + Km), where V is the initial velocity of the reaction, Km is the Michae …

Michaelis-Menten hypothesis
<chemistry> That a complex is formed between an enzyme and its substrate (the O'Sullivan-Tompson hypothesis), which complex then decomposes to yield free enzyme and the reaction products (Brown hypothesis), the latter rate determining the overall rate of substrate-product conversion. ... See: Michaelis-Menten constant, Michaelis-Menten equatio …

Michaelis, Leonor
<person> German-U.S. Chemist, 1875-1949. ... See: Michaelis-Gutmann body, Michaelis constant, Michaelis-Menten constant, Michaelis-Menten equation, Michaelis-Menten hypothesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Micheli, Ferdinando
<person> Italian physician, 1872-1936. ... See: Marchiafava-Micheli anaemia, Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miconazole
<chemical> An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion. ... Pharmacological action: antifungal agents. ... Chemical name: 1H-Imidazole, 1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-((2,4-dichlorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

miconazole nitrate
1-[2,4-Dichloro-beta-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]phenethyl]imidazole mononitrate;an antifungal agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micracoustic
1. Relating to faint sounds. ... 2. Magnifying very faint sounds so as to make them audible. ... Synonym: microcoustic. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Akoustikos, relating to hearing, fr. Akouo, to hear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micrencephalia
Synonym for micrencephaly ... Abnormal smallness of the brain. ... Synonym: micrencephalia, microencephaly. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Enkephalos, brain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micrencephaly
Abnormal smallness of the brain. ... Synonym: micrencephalia, microencephaly. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Enkephalos, brain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micro-
1. <prefix> A combining form signifying small, little, trivial, slight; as, microcosm, microscope. A millionth part of; as, microfarad, microohm, micrometer. ... 2. <physics> Metric prefix indicating 1/1,000,000th of a given quantity. For example, a microampere is 1/1,000,000th of an ampere. ... Origin: Gr. Small. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

micro-Astrup method
An interpolation technique for acid-base measurement, based on pH and the use of the Siggaard-Andersen nomogram to determine the base deficit as an expression of metabolic acidosis and the arterial PCO2 as an expression of respiratory acidosis or alkalosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micro-disc surgery
This describes a newer form of orthopaedic back surgery involving the insertion of a special hardware device through a small incision in the lower back. This form of surgery is indicated for those with intractable (unresponsive to medical therapy alone) disk disease of the lower spine (typically lumbar). The prolapsed disk is suction out of the bac …

micro-immunofluorescence
Several different substrates are arranged in specific locations on a single microscope slide well allowing a rapid, simultaneous indirect fluorescent antibody on each substrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

micro-Kjeldahl method
A modification of the macro-Kjeldahl method designed for the analysis of nitrogenous compounds in relatively small quantities, e.g., specimens in which the total content of nitrogen is in the range of 1 to a few mg. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microabscess
A very small circumscribed collection of leukocytes in solid tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microadenoma
<tumour> A pituitary adenoma less than 10 mm in diameter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microaerobion
A microaerophilic microorganism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microaerophil
1. An aerobic bacterium that requires oxygen, but less than is present in the air, and grows best under modified atmospheric conditions. ... 2. Relating to such an organism. ... Synonym: microaerophilic, microaerophilous. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Aer, air, + philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microaerophilic
<biology> Requiring oxygen but at a level lower than that typically found in the Earth's normal sea-level atmosphere. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

microaerophilous
Synonym for microaerophil ... 1. An aerobic bacterium that requires oxygen, but less than is present in the air, and grows best under modified atmospheric conditions. ... 2. Relating to such an organism. ... Synonym: microaerophilic, microaerophilous. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Aer, air, + philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microaerosol
A suspension in air of particles that are submicronic or, more frequently, from 1 to 10 um in diameter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microalgae
Unicellular, photosynthetic aquatic plants. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

microampere
<physics, unit> One of the smaller measures of electrical currents; the millionth part of one ampere. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

microanalysis
Analytic techniques involving unusually small samples. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microanastomosis
Anastomosis of minute structures performed under a surgical microscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microanatomy
Synonym for histology ... <study> The study of cells and tissue on the microscopic level. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

microaneurysm
Focal dilation of retinal capillaries occurring in diabetes mellitus, retinal vein obstruction, and absolute glaucoma, or of arteriolocapillary junctions in many organs in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microangiography
Radiography of the finer vessels of an organ after the injection of a contrast medium and enlargement of the resulting radiograph. ... Synonym: microarteriography. ... Origin: micro-+ angiography ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
<haematology> Consequence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): fragments of red blood cells, damaged by being forced through a fibrin meshwork, are found in the circulation. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microangiopathy
Synonym for capillaropathy ... Any disease of the capillaries, often applied to vascular changes in diabetes mellitus. ... Synonym: microangiopathy. ... Origin: capillary + G. Pathos, disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microangioscopy
Synonym for capillarioscopy ... Viewing the cutaneous capillaries at the base of the fingernail through the low power of the microscope. ... Synonym: capillaroscopy, microangioscopy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microarteriography
Synonym for microangiography ... Radiography of the finer vessels of an organ after the injection of a contrast medium and enlargement of the resulting radiograph. ... Synonym: microarteriography. ... Origin: micro-+ angiography ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbacteria
<biology, microbiology> In the classification of Cohn, one of the four tribes of Bacteria. ... In this classification bacteria are divided into four tribes: 1. Spherobacteria, or spherical bacteria, as the genus Micrococcus. 2. Microbacteria, or bacteria in the form of short rods, including the genus Bacterium. 3. Desmobacteria, or bacteria in …

microbalance
A balance designed for use in weighing unusually small samples of materials. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbe
<microbiology> A microscopic living organism, such as a bacteria, fungus, protozoa or virus. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

microbenthos
<marine biology> Organisms (for example, protozoa, nematodes) living on or in aquatic substrates and too small to be seen with the naked eye. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

microbial
<biology, microbiology> Pertaining to microorganisms too small to be seen with the naked eye. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

microbial associates
Synonym for flora ... Plant life. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

microbial collagenase
<enzyme> A metalloproteinase which degrades helical regions of native collagen to small fragments. Preferred cleavage is -gly in the sequence -pro-xaa-gly-pro-. Six forms (or 2 classes) have been isolated from clostridium histolyticum that are immunologically cross-reactive but possess different sequences and different specificities. Other va …

microbial genetics
The study of hereditary mechanisms of microbes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbial herbicides
<biology, ecology, plant biology> Microorganisms that are toxic to specific plants or insects. Because of their narrow host range and limited toxicity, these microorganisms may be preferable to their chemical counterparts for certain pest control applications. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

microbial mining
The use of microorganisms to remove minerals, particularly metals, from rocks. ... See: biohydrometallurgy, leaching. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

microbial RNase II
Synonym for RNase T2 ... <enzyme> An enzyme endonucleolytically cleaving RNA to 3'-nucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides as intermediates. ... Synonym: Escherichia coli RNase I, microbial RNase II, plant RNase, RNase N2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbial sensitivity tests
Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microbial vitamin
A substance necessary for the growth of certain microorganisms, e.g., biotin, p-aminobenzoic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbicidal
Destructive to microbes. ... Synonym: microbicide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbid
Cutaneous allergic response to superficial bacterial infection. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Bios, life, + eides, resembling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbiologic
Relating to microbiology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbiologic phenomena
Physiological processes and activities of microorganisms, including archaea, bacteria, rickettsia, viruses, protozoa, and fungi. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microbiological
<microbiology> Pertaining to microbiology: the science that deals with microorganisms, including algae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microbiological techniques
Techniques used in microbiology. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microbiologist
One who specialises in the science of microbiology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbiology
<study> The study of organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye, such as bacteria, viruses and yeasts. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

microbiotic
1. Short-lived. ... Synonym: microbial. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbism
Infection with microbes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microblast
A small, nucleated, red blood cell. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Blastos, sprout, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microblepharia
Synonym for microblepharon ... Eyelids with abnormal vertical shortness. ... Synonym: microblepharia, microblepharism. ... Origin: micro + G. Blepharon, eyelid + ia, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microblepharism
Synonym for microblepharon ... Eyelids with abnormal vertical shortness. ... Synonym: microblepharia, microblepharism. ... Origin: micro + G. Blepharon, eyelid + ia, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microblepharon
Eyelids with abnormal vertical shortness. ... Synonym: microblepharia, microblepharism. ... Origin: micro + G. Blepharon, eyelid + ia, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microbodies
Membrane-bound cytoplasmic particles containing enzymes and other substances. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microbody
Synonym for peroxisome ... <cell biology> Organelle containing peroxidase and catalase, sometimes as a large crystal. A site of oxygen utilisation, but not of ATP synthesis. In plants, associated with chloroplasts in photorespiration and considered to be part of a larger group of organelles, the microbodies. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 N …