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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


Milroy
William F., U.S. Physician, 1855-1942. ... See: Milroy's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Milroy's disease
The congenital type of autosomal dominant lymphedema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

milt
To impregnate (the roe of a fish) with milt. ... <anatomy> The spleen. ... Origin: AS. Milte; akin to D. Milt, G. Milz, OHG. Milzi, Icel. Milti, Dan. Milt, Sw. Mjalte, and prob. To E. Malt, melt. See Malt the grain. ... <zoology> The spermatic fluid of fishes. ... The testes, or spermaries, of fishes when filled with spermatozoa. ... Origin: …

Milton
John L., English dermatologist, 1820-1898. ... See: Milton's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Milton's disease
Synonym for angioedema ... A vascular reaction involving the deep dermis or subcutaneous or submucal tissues, representing localised oedema caused by dilatation and increased permeability of the capillaries and characterised by development of giant wheals. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

milwaukee shoulder
<radiology> Chronic rotator cuff tear, calcific tendonitis (calcium hydroxyapatite) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

milzbrand
Known also as anthrax, milzbrand is a serious bacterial infection. It is not primarily a human disease but rather an infection of animals. Cattle, sheep, horses, mules, and some wild animals are highly susceptible. Humans (and swine) are generally resistant to anthrax. Anthrax can take different forms. With the lung form of the disease. People inha …

MIM number
The catalog assignment for a mendelian trait in the MIM system. If the initial digit is 1, the trait is deemed autosomal dominant; if 2, autosomal recessive; if 3, then X-linked. Wherever a trait defined in this dictionary has a MIM number the number from the tenth edition of MIM is given in square brackets with or without an asterisk as appropriat …

mime
Facial expression. (NOT: mimicry = adaptation for survival in which an organism takes on the semblance another organism or a nonliving object.) ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mimesis
1. Hysterical simulation of organic disease. ... 2. The symptomatic imitation of one organic disease by another. ... Origin: G. Mimesis, imitation, fr. Mimeomai, to mimic ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mimetic
Relating to mimesis. ... Origin: G. Mimetikos, imitative ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mimetic chorea
Imitation of the chorea movements of another person. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mimetic muscles
Synonym for muscles of facial expression ... The numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. Nomina Anatomica also includes the buccinator muscle in this group; even though it functions primarily in mastication. ... Synonym: musculi faciales, facial muscles, mimetic muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mimetic paralysis
Paralysis of the facial muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mimic
1. To imitate or ape for sport; to ridicule by imitation. 'The walk, the words, the gesture, could supply, The habit mimic, and the mien belie.' (Dryden) ... 2. <biology> To assume a resemblance to (some other organism of a totally different nature, or some surrounding object), as a means of protection or advantage. ... Synonym: To ape, imitate …

mimic convulsion
Synonym for facial tic ... Involuntary twitching of the facial muscles, sometimes unilateral. ... Synonym: Bell's spasm, convulsive tic, facial spasm, histrionic spasm, mimic convulsion, mimic spasm, mimic tic, palmus, prosopospasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mimic genes
Nonallelic (independent) gene's with closely similar effects, e.g., elliptocytosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mimic spasm
<neurology> A repetitive spasmodic movement of the eyes or facial muscles. May also involve the neck or shoulders. ... Tics are most common in children. The cause is unknown but may be linked to stress. Tics are more common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disease. Most tics require no treatment and resolve on their own with pa …

mimic tic
Synonym for facial tic ... Involuntary twitching of the facial muscles, sometimes unilateral. ... Synonym: Bell's spasm, convulsive tic, facial spasm, histrionic spasm, mimic convulsion, mimic spasm, mimic tic, palmus, prosopospasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mimical
1. Imitative; mimetic. 'Oft, in her absence, mimic fancy wakes To imitate her.' (Milton) 'Man is, of all creatures, the most mimical.' (W. Wotton) ... 2. Consisting of, or formed by, imitation; imitated; as, mimic gestures. 'Mimic hootings.' ... 3. <chemical> Imitative; characterised by resemblance to other forms; applied to crystals which by t …

mimicry
1. The act or practice of one who mimics; ludicrous imitation for sport or ridicule. ... 2. <biology> Protective resemblance; the resemblance which certain animals and plants exhibit to other animals and plants or to the natural objects among which they live, a characteristic which serves as their chief means of protection against enemies; imi …

mimmation
A form of stammering in which the m-sound is given to various letters. ... Origin: Ar. Mim, the letter m ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mimosa
<botany> A genus of leguminous plants, containing many species, and including the sensitive plants (Mimosa sensitiva, and M. Pudica). ... The term mimosa is also applied in commerce to several kinds bark imported from Australia, and used in tanning. ... Synonym: wattle bark. ... Origin: NL, fr. Gr. Imitator. Cf. Mime. ... Source: Websters Diction …

Mimosa pudica
<botany> The sensitive plant whose leaflets fold inwards very rapidly when touched. A more vigorous stimulus causes the whole leaf to droop and the stimulus can be transmitted to neighbouring leaves. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

mimosine
<chemical> 3-hydroxy-4-oxo-1(4h)-pyridinealanine. An antineoplastic alanine-substituted pyridine derivative isolated from leucena glauca. ... Chemical name: 1(4H)-Pyridinepropanoic acid, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-, (S)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

min
<abbreviation> Minute. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

min recombinase
<enzyme> Member of the din family of site-specific recombinases ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Minamata disease
A neurologic disorder caused by methyl mercury intoxication; first described in the inhabitants of Minamata Bay, Japan, resulting from their eating fish contaminated with mercury industrial waste. Characterised by peripheral sensory loss, tremors, dysarthria, ataxia, and both hearing and visual loss. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mind
1. The intellectual or rational faculty in man; the understanding; the intellect; the power that conceives, judges, or reasons; also, the entire spiritual nature; the soul; often in distinction from the body. 'By the mind of man we understand that in him which thinks, remembers, reasons, wills.' (Reid) 'What we mean by mind is simply that which per …

mind blindness
Visual agnosia for objects. The subjet sees the object, but cannot identify it; due to a lesion in area 18 of the occipital cortex. ... Synonym: object blindness, psychanopsia, psychic blindness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mind pain
Synonym for psychalgia ... 1. Distress attending a mental effort, noted especially in melancholia. ... Synonym: algopsychalia, mind pain, phrenalgia, psychalgalia, soul pain. ... Synonym: psychogenic pain. ... Origin: psych-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mind-body relations
<psychology> The relation between the mind and the body in a religious, social, spiritual, behavioural, and metaphysical context. This concept is significant in the field of alternative medicine. It differs from the relationship between physiologic processes and behaviour where the emphasis is on the body's physiology ( = psychophysiology).
mind-reading
Synonym for telepathy ... The knowledge or communication by one person with the mental processes of another through channels other than known physical or perceptual processes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mine
1. To dig away, or otherwise remove, the substratum or foundation of; to lay a mine under; to sap; to undermine; hence, to ruin or destroy by slow degrees or secret means. 'They mined the walls.' (Hayward) 'Too lazy to cut down these immense trees, the spoilers. Had mined them, and placed a quantity of gunpowder in the cavity.' (Sir W. Scott) ... 2. …

miner
1. One who mines; a digger for metals, etc.; one engaged in the business of getting ore, coal, or precious stones, out of the earth; one who digs military mines; as, armies have sappers and miners. ... 2. <zoology> Any of numerous insects which, in the larval state, excavate galleries in the parenchyma of leaves. They are mostly minute moths a …

miner's asthma
The dyspnea of anthracosis or other pneumoconioses in miners. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miner's cramps
Cramp's caused by excessive salt loss through perspiration. ... Synonym: stoker's cramps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miner's disease
ancylostomiasis, miner's nystagmus ...

miner's elbow
Inflammation with fluid distention of the olecranon bursa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miner's lung
Synonym for anthracosis ... Pneumonoconiosis from accumulation of carbon from inhaled smoke or coal dust in the lungs. ... See: pneumomelanosis. ... Synonym: collier's lung, melanedema, miner's lung. ... Origin: anthraco-+ G. -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miner's nystagmus
Nystagmus occurring in 19th century coal miners and thought at the time to be related to lack of illumination as well as other factors. ... Synonym: miner's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mineral
1. An inorganic species or substance occurring in nature, having a definite chemical composition and usually a distinct crystalline form. Rocks, except certain glassy igneous forms, are either simple minerals or aggregates of minerals. ... 2. A mine. ... 3. Anything which is neither animal nor vegetable, as in the most general classification of thing …

mineral fibres
Long, pliable, cohesive natural or manufactured filaments of various lengths. They form the structure of some minerals. The medical significance lies in their potential ability to cause various types of pneumoconiosis (e.g., asbestosis) after occupational or environmental exposure. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mineral oil
<chemical> A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It is used as laxative, lubricant, ointment base, and emollient. ... Pharmacological action: cathartic, emollients, ointment bases. ... Chemical name: Hydrocarbon oils ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mineral soil
<ecology> Any soil consisting primarily of mineral (sand, silt and clay) material, rather than organic matter. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

mineral water
Water that contains appreciable amounts of certain salts, which give it therapeutic properties. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mineral waters
Water naturally or artificially infused with mineral salts or gases (carbon dioxide). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mineral wax
Synonym for paraffin wax ... A wax derived from petroleum. ... Synonym: mineral wax. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mineralisation
<chemistry> The action of mineralising, the state of being mineralised. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

mineralization
1. The process of mineralizing, or forming a mineral by combination of a metal with another element; also, the process of converting into a mineral, as a bone or a plant. ... 2. The act of impregnating with a mineral, as water. ... 3. <botany> The conversion of a cell wall into a material of a stony nature. ... Origin: Cf. F. Mineralisation. ... …

mineralocoid
Synonym for mineralocorticoid ... 1. <biochemistry> Any of the group of C21 corticosteroids, principally aldosterone, predominantly involved in the regulation of electrolyte and water balance through their effect on ion transport in epithelial cells of the renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium, some also possess …

mineralocorticoid
1. <biochemistry> Any of the group of C21 corticosteroids, principally aldosterone, predominantly involved in the regulation of electrolyte and water balance through their effect on ion transport in epithelial cells of the renal tubules, resulting in retention of sodium and loss of potassium, some also possess varying degrees of glucocorticoi …

mineralocorticoids
A group of hormones (the most important being aldosterone) that regulate the balance of water and electrolytes (ions such as sodium and potassium) in the body. The mineralocorticoid hormones act on the kidney (and specifically on the tubules of the kidney). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mineralocorticoids, synthetic
Synthetic steroids that mimic the activity of the mineralocorticoids obtained from the adrenal cortex, but differ in structure from the naturally occurring mineralocorticoids. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mineralotropic
Concerning the action of or relating to mineralocorticoids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minerals
Native, inorganic or fossilised organic substances having a definite chemical composition and formed by inorganic reactions. They may occur as individual crystals or may be disseminated in some other mineral or rock. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Minerva jacket
A plaster of Paris body cast incorporating the head and trunk, usually for fracture of the cervical spine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mingle
1. To mix; intermix; to combine or join, as an individual or part, with other parts, but commonly so as to be distinguishable in the product; to confuse; to confound. 'There was. Fire mingled with the hail.' (Ex. Ix. 24) ... 2. To associate or unite in society or by ties of relationship; to cause or allow to intermarry; to intermarry. 'The holy seed …

mini
A moderate-sized computer that can serve many users in a department, or one dedicated to a complex computational function such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; smaller and slower than a mainframe, more complex and powerful than a personal computer. ... Origin: It. Miniatura, decoration of manuscripts, fr. L. Minium, red lead ... …

miniature end plate potential
<physiology> Small fluctuations (typically 0.5 mV) in the resting potential of postsynaptic cells. ... They are the same shape as, but much smaller than, the end plate potentials caused by stimulation of the presynaptic cell. Miniature end plate potentials are considered as evidence for the quantal release of neurotransmitters at chemical syna …

miniature scarlet fever
A reaction consisting of fever, nausea, vomiting, and a transient scarlatiniform rash that appears in a susceptible person when injected with the toxin of Streptococcus pyogenes. ... Origin: L. Minio, pp. Atus, to colour with minium, red-lead ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

miniature stomach
Synonym for pavlov pouch ... at different points along the dogs' digestive tracts, the russian physiologist ivan petrovich pavlov (1848-1936) surgically created pockets ( pavlov pouches ) from which he could obtain secretions, the aim being to study the physiology of the digestive tract. He did so from the salivary glands down to the stomach, liver …

minibrain kinase
<enzyme> A cell type-specific kinase expressed and required in distinct neuroblast proliferation centres during postembryonic neurogenesis in drosophila; shares extensive sequence similarities with kinases involved in the regulation of cell division; genbank x70794 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: minibrain gene product, mnb gene p …

minicell
<molecular biology> Spherical fragment of a bacterium produced by abnormal fission and not containing a bacterial chromosome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

minichromosome
1. <cell biology> Certain viruses complex with the histones of the host eukaryote cells they have infected to form a chromatin structure resembling a small chromosome. ... 2. <molecular biology> A plasmid that contains a chromosomal origin of replication. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

minicomputers
Small computers that lack the speed, memory capacity, and instructional capability of the full-size computer but usually retain its programmable flexibility. They are larger, faster, and more flexible, powerful, and expensive than microcomputers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

minilaparotomy
<procedure> Technique for sterilization by surgical ligation of the fallopian tubes, performed through a small suprapubic incision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minim
1. Anything very minute; as, the minims of existence; applied to animalcula; and the like. ... 2. The smallest liquid measure, equal to about one drop; the sixtieth part of a fluid drachm. ... 3. <zoology> A small fish; a minnow. ... 4. A little man or being; a dwarf. ... 5. One of an austere order of mendicant hermits of friars founded in the 15 …

minimal
Smallest or least, the smallest possible. ... Origin: L. Minimus = least ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

minimal air
The volume of gas that remains in the lungs and cannot be expelled after they have been removed from the body, or after the chest has been opened. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimal alveolar concentration
The end-alveolar concentration of an inhalation anaesthetic which prevents somatic response to a painful stimulus in 50% of individuals; an index of relative potency of inhalation anaesthetics. ... Synonym: minimal anaesthetic concentration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimal amplitude nystagmus
Synonym for micronystagmus ... Nystagmus of so small an amplitude that it is not detected by the usual clinical tests. ... Synonym: minimal amplitude nystagmus. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Nystagmos, a nodding ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimal anaesthetic concentration
Synonym for minimal alveolar concentration ... The end-alveolar concentration of an inhalation anaesthetic which prevents somatic response to a painful stimulus in 50% of individuals; an index of relative potency of inhalation anaesthetics. ... Synonym: minimal anaesthetic concentration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimal brain dysfunction
Synonym for attention deficit disorder ... An inability to control behaviour due to difficulty in processing neural stimuli. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

minimal deviation melanoma
<dermatology, tumour> A malignant melanoma showing less cytologic atypia than is usual in melanoma cells showing asymmetric expansile invasion of the dermis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimal dose
<pharmacology> The smallest amount of a drug or physical procedure that will produce a desired physiologic effect in an adult. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimal infecting dose
<microbiology> The smallest quantity of infectious material regularly producing infection; usually expressed as I.D.50, the quantity causing infection in 50% of a suitable series of animals or cells (cell cultures). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimal inhibitory concentration
<microbiology, pharmacology> The lowest concentration of antibiotic sufficient to inhibit bacterial growth when tested in vitro. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimal lethal dose
<pharmacology> The minimal dose of a toxic substance or infectious agent that is lethal, as assayed in various experimental animals (e.g., the least amount of diphtheria toxin that, on an average, kills a 250-g guinea pig within 96 hours after subcutaneous inoculation). ... When followed by a subscript (generally 'MLD50'), denotes the minimal …

minimal medium
<cell culture> The simplest tissue culture medium that will support the proliferation of normal cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

minimal reacting dose
The minimal dose of a toxic substance causing a reaction, as manifested in the skin of a series of susceptible test animals; the assay is based on the development of a characteristic, minimal but definite, 'standard,' focal inflammation (congestion and oedema, induration, degenerative changes, and desquamation of epidermal cells). ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

minimal-change disease
Synonym for minimal-change nephrotic syndrome ... <nephrology> A disorder of the kidneys which largely affects the glomerulus, the blood filtering structure. ... This disorder is one common cause of nephrotic syndrome, minimal glomerular changes, in children affecting 2 to 3 children per 100,000 population under age 16 in the USA. Minimal chang …

minimal-change nephrotic syndrome
<nephrology> A disorder of the kidneys which largely affects the glomerulus, the blood filtering structure. ... This disorder is one common cause of nephrotic syndrome, minimal glomerular changes, in children affecting 2 to 3 children per 100,000 population under age 16 in the USA. Minimal change disease is also seen rarely in adults. The caus …

minimise
To reduce to the smallest part or proportion possible. Expressed as a number, degree or extent. ... To reduce to the smallest possible, to reduce to a minimum. ... Origin: Minimized; Minimizimg. ... (22 Sep 2002) ...

minimize
Synonym for minimize ... minimize ...

minimum
<statistics> The smallest amount or lowest limit. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

minimum light
Synonym for visual threshold ... Threshold of visual sensation, the minimal light intensity evoking a visual sensation. ... Synonym: achromatic threshold, minimum light threshold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimum light threshold
Synonym for visual threshold ... Threshold of visual sensation, the minimal light intensity evoking a visual sensation. ... Synonym: achromatic threshold, minimum light threshold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimum protein requirement
<nutrition> The age-dependent amount of protein required daily in the diet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimum temperature
In bacteriology, denoting a temperature below which growth will not take place. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minimyosin
<protein> Form of myosin isolated from Acanthamoeba, only 180 kD, but capable of binding to actin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

miniplacental alkaline phosphatase
<enzyme> Engineered human placental alkaline phosphatase; miniplap 208 has the same n- and c-terminal signal peptides as placental alkaline phosphatase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: miniplap, miniplap 208 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

minisatellite repeats
Tandem arrays of moderately repetitive DNA sequences found dispersed throughout the genome but clustered near telomeres. Their degree of repetition is two to several hundred at each locus. Loci number in the thousands but each locus shows a distinctive repeat unit. Minisatellite repeats are often called variable number of tandem repeats. ... (12 Dec …

minisegregant cell
<cell biology> Human cells with small amounts of DNA and few chromosomes, obtained experimentally by perturbing cell division. Can readily be fused with whole cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

minister
To furnish or apply; to afford; to supply; to administer. 'He that ministereth seed to the sower.' (2 Cor. Ix. 10) 'We minister to God reason to suspect us.' (Jer. Taylor) ... Origin: OE. Ministren, OF. Ministrer, fr. L. Ministrare. See Minister. ... 1. To act as a servant, attendant, or agent; to attend and serve; to perform service in any office, s …

minium
<chemistry> A heavy, brilliant red pigment, consisting of an oxide of lead, Pb3O4, obtained by exposing lead or massicot to a gentle and continued heat in the air. It is used as a cement, as a paint, and in the manufacture of flint glass. ... Synonym: red lead. ... Origin: L. Minium, an Iberian word, the Romans getting all their cinnabar from S …

mink cell focus-inducing viruses
Murine leukaemia viruses discovered in 1976 by hartley, wolford, old, and rowe and so named because the viruses originally isolated had the capacity to transform cell foci in mink cell cultures. Mcf viruses are generated in a multi-step process by recombination with other viral types including akr, friend, moloney, and rauscher. ... (12 Dec 1998) …

mink enteritis virus
A parvovirus that causes enteritis of mink. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

minnow
1. <zoology> A small European fresh water cyprinoid fish (Phoxinus laevis, formerly Leuciscus phoxinus); sometimes applied also to the young of larger kinds; called also minim and minny. The name is also applied to several allied American species, of the genera Phoxinus, Notropis, or Minnilus, and Rhinichthys. ... 2. <zoology> Any of num …

minocycline
<chemical> (4s-(4 alpha,4a alpha,5a alpha,12a alpha))-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a-tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacene carboxamide. A semisynthetic antibiotic effective against tetracycline-resistant staphylococcus infections. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, tetracycline. ... Chemical name: 2-Naph …