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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

microscintigraphy
Imaging of small anatomic structures by use of a radionuclide in conjunction with a special collimator which 'magnifies' the image; for example, the use of technetium-99m in conjunction with a pinhole collimator to image the lacrimal drainage. ... Origin: micro-+ scintigraphy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microscope
<instrument> A piece of laboratory equipment that is used to magnify small things that are too small to be seen by the naked eye, or too small for the details to be seen by the naked eye, so that their finer details can be seen and studied. ... Examples are the light (or optical) microscope, electron microscope, X-ray microscope, and acoustic …

microscope mirror
<microscopy> Usually plane on one side and concave on the other. The flat side is generally used unless the objective is of very low power and there is no condenser. The mirror should be so mounted that the concave side can be focused on the specimen. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

microscope, compound
A microscope that consists of two microscopes in series, the first serving as the ocular lens (close to the eye) and the second serving as the objective lens (close to the object to be viewed). Credit for creating the compound microscope goes usually to the dutch spectaclemakers hans and zacharias janssen who in 1590 invented an instrument that cou …

microscope, electron
<microscopy> An electron-optical device which produces a magnified image of an object. Detail may be revealed by virtue of selective transmission, reflection, or emission of electrons by the object. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

microscope, field emission
<microscopy> An image-forming device in which a strong electrostatic field causes cold emission of electrons from a sharply rounded point or from a specimen that has been placed on that point. The electrons are accelerated to a phosphorescent screen, or photographic film, giving a visible picture of the variation of emission over the specimen …

microscope, fluorescent
A microscope equipped to examine material that fluoresces under ultraviolet (uv) light. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microscope, Greenough
<microscopy> A stereoscopic microscope with paired objectives, prisms, and eyepieces invented by H. Greenough. The name is sometimes incorrectly used for any stereoscopic microscope with paired objectives showing erect images. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

microscope, simple
<microscopy> A microscope that has a single converging lens (or a combination of lenses that function optically as a single converging lens). Anton van leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) made good use of the simple microscope to look at the life within a drop of water, and such. The magnifying properties of lenses had been well known in ancient times (f …

microscope, stereoscopic
<microscopy> Either one of two kinds: binocular-bi-nobjective, such as the Greenough microscope type, and binocular microscope with common main objective. ... See: stereomicroscope. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

microscope, X-ray
<microscopy> A device for producing enlarged images of a specimen by means of X rays. Dioptric systems, analogous to light microscopes, are not available, but contact microradiography, point-projection, and reflection techniques (which see) provide practical alternatives. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

microscopial
Synonym for microscopic ... 1. Of extremely small size, visible only by the aid of the microscope. ... 2. Pertaining or relating to a microscope or to microscopy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microscopic
1. Of extremely small size, visible only by the aid of the microscope. ... 2. Pertaining or relating to a microscope or to microscopy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microscopic anatomy
The branch of anatomy in which the structure of cells, tissues, and organs is studied with the light microscope. ... See: histology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microscopic field
The area within which objects are visible with microscope oculars and objectives of various magnifying powers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microscopic haematuria
Presence of blood cells in uncatheterised urine, visible only under the microscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microscopic section
Synonym for section ... 1. The act of cutting, or separation by cutting; as, the section of bodies. ... 2. A part separated from something; a division; a portion; a slice. Specifically: ... A distinct part or portion of a book or writing; a subdivision of a chapter; the division of a law or other writing; a paragraph; an article; hence, the character, …

microscopic sphincter
A sphincter visible only under the microscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microscopical
Synonym for microscopic ... 1. Of extremely small size, visible only by the aid of the microscope. ... 2. Pertaining or relating to a microscope or to microscopy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microscopically controlled surgery
Minimally invasive surgery, operative procedure performed in a manner derived to result in the smallest possible incision or no incision at all; includes laparoscopic, laparoscopically assisted, thoracoscopic, and endoscopic surgical procedures. ... Synonym: Mohs' chemosurgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microscopy
<technique> The science of the interpretive use, and applications of microscopes. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

microscopy, atomic force
Microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. A microcomputer keeps track of the vertical excursions as a function of the position of the probe in t …

microscopy, confocal
A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microscopy, electron
Visual and photographic microscopy in which electron beams with wavelengths thousands of times shorter than visible light are used in place of light, thereby allowing much greater magnification. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microscopy, electron, scanning
Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point, giving the surface image a three-dimensional quality. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microscopy, fluorescence
Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilises antibodies that are labelled with fluorescent dye. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microscopy, immunoelectron
Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microscopy, interference
Microscopy in which physiological and photometric contrast in the image is influenced or produced by the action of optical components which regulate interference. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microscopy, phase-contrast
A form of interference microscopy in which variations of the refracting index in the object are converted into variations of intensity in the image. This is achieved by the action of a phase plate. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microscopy, polarization
Microscopy using polarised light in which phenomena due to the preferential orientation of optical properties with respect to the vibration plane of the polarised light are made visible and correlated parameters are made measurable. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microscopy, scanning tunneling
Electron microscopy in which a very sharp conducting needle is swept just a few angstroms above the surface of a sample. The tiny tunneling current that flows between the sample and the needle tip is measured and from this are produced three-dimensional topographs, with a lateral resolution often as good as 1-2 angstroms and a vertical resolution o …

microscopy, ultraviolet
Microscopy in which the image is formed by ultraviolet radiation and is displayed and recorded by means of photographic film. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microscopy, video
Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in telepathology. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microsequencing
<molecular biology, procedure> Sequencing of very small amounts of protein often a prelude to producing an oligonucleotide probe, screening a cDNA library and cloning. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microsides
Fatty acid esters of trehalose and mannose isolated from diphtheria bacilli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsmatic
Having a weakly developed sense of smell. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Osme, sense of smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsomal
Of or pertaining to microsomes: vesicular fragments of endoplasmic reticulum formed after disruption and centrifugation of cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microsomal antibody
This special serologic test is used to measure thyroid anti-microsomal antibody in the bloodstream. This test can be performed from a simple venipuncture specimen. The anti-microsomal antibody or microsomal antibody test is used to diagnose conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and other autoimmune disorders. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

microsomal fraction
Synonym for microsomes ... Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (glick, glossary of bio …

microsome
<cell biology> Heterogenous set of membrane-bound vesicles 20-200 nm in diameter formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted or fragmented. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (14 Oct 1997) ...

microsomes
Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (glick, glossary of biochemistry and molecular bi …

microsomes, liver
In the hepatocyte, any of the vesicular fragments of endoplasmic reticulum formed after disruption and centrifugation of cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microsomia
Too small a body. A child with microsomia has significant undergrowth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microspectrophotometry
Analytical technique for studying substances present at enzyme concentrations in single cells, in situ, by measuring light absorption. Light from a tungsten strip lamp or xenon arc dispersed by a grating monochromator illuminates the optical system of a microscope. The absorbance of light is measured (in nanometers) by comparing the difference betw …

microsphere
Tiny globules of radiolabelled material such as macroaggregated albumin, about 15 microns in size. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsphere method
A method for measuring organ blood flow by indicator dilution, but more importantly, a method for measuring the distribution of cardiac output or the intraorgan distribution of blood flow. To measure distribution of flow, neutrally buoyant, chemically inert microspheres that have an indicator property (e.g., radioactivity) are injected into a cardi …

microspheres
Small uniformly-sized spherical particles frequently labelled with radioisotopes or various reagents acting as tags or markers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microspherocytosis
A condition of the blood seen in haemolytic icterus in which small spherocytes are predominant; the red blood cells are smaller and more globular than normal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsphygmy
Smallness of the pulse. ... Synonym: microsphyxia. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Sphygmos, pulse ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsphyxia
Synonym: microsphygmy. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Sphyxis, pulse ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microspike
<cell biology> Projections from the leading edge of some cells, particularly, but not exclusively, nerve growth cones. They are usually about 100 nm diameter, 5-10 m long and are supported by loosely bundled microfilaments. They are referred to by some authors as filopodia. Functionally a sort of linear version of a ruffle on a leading lamell …

microsplanchnic
Referring to smallness of the abdominal viscera. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Splanchna, viscera ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsplenia
Abnormal smallness of the spleen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microspora
A phylum of protozoa comprising minute intracellular parasites with spores of unicellular origin. It has two classes: rudimicrosporea and microsporea. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microspora infections
Infections with protozoa of the phylum microspora. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Microsporasida
Synonym for microsporida ... An order of parasitic protozoa found mostly in arthropods and fish and in some lower vertebrates. It comprises two suborders: pansporoblastina and apansporoblastina. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microspore
<plant biology> A haploid spore produced by a plant sporophyte that develops into a male gametophyte. In seed plants, it corresponds to the developing pollen grain at the uninucleate stage. The smaller of the spores of a heterosporous species. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microsporea
A class of parasitic protozoa. Characteristics include spores that are spherical, oval, or tubular in shape and sporoplasm which is uninuclear or binuclear. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microsporida
An order of parasitic protozoa found mostly in arthropods and fish and in some lower vertebrates. It comprises two suborders: pansporoblastina and apansporoblastina. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microsporidia
Common name for members of the protozoan phylum Microspora. It includes some 80 genera parasitizing all classes of vertebrates and many invertebrates, especially the insects. Several genera, such as Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Nosema, Pleistophora, and Septata have been implicated in the infection of immunocompromised humans. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

microsporidian keratoconjunctivitis
A form of keratoconjunctivitis often associated with immunosuppressed persons, such as those suffering from AIDS. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsporidiasis
See: microsporidiosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsporidiosis
An intestinal infection that causes diarrhoea and wasting in people with HIV. It results from two different species of microsporidia, a protozoal parasite. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

microsporophyll
A specialised leaf upon (or in the axil of) which one or more microsporangia are borne. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

microsporum
<fungus> A genus of small spored ectothrix ringworm fungi (dermatophytes) of the Fungi Imperfecti, order Moniliales, family Moniliaceae, which cause various diseases of the skin and hair. ... As the perfect (sexual) stages are identified, they are classified in the genus Nannizzia. ... Synonym: microsporon. ... Origin: Gr. Sporos = seed ... (18 N …

Microsporum audouinii
An anthrophilic species that used to cause epidemic tinea capitis in children. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Microsporum canis
The principal cause of ringworm in dogs and cats and a zoophilic species causing sporadic dermatophytosis in humans, especially tinea capitis in children with cats and dogs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Microsporum canis distortum
A zoophilic fungal species that causes dermatophytosis in humans and animals; seen among laboratory animal handlers. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Microsporum ferrugineum
An anthropophilic species that causes dermatophytosis, primarily in Japan and the Far East. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Microsporum fulvum
A geophilic species that causes dermatophytosis in humans and is a member of the Microsporum gypseum complex whose ascomycetous state elevates it to the rank of a specific species. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Microsporum gallinae
A fungal species that causes dermatophytosis in fowl and, occasionally, in man; due to its broadly clavate macroconidia, it was until recently erroneously classified as a species of Trichophyton. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Microsporum gypseum
A cause of ringworm in dogs and horses and occasionally other animal species; a geophilic complex of species causing sporadic dermatophytosis in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Microsporum nanum
A geophilic fungal species that is the principal cause of ringworm in pigs; rarely causes dermatophytosis in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Microsporum persicolor
A geophilic fungal species that causes dermatophytosis in voles, field voles, and, occasionally, man; its ascomycetous state is Nannizzia persicolor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Microsporum vanbreuseghemi
A zoophilic fungal species that causes dermatophytosis in dogs and squirrels, and occasionally in humans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microstate
<chemistry> Each arrangement of the ensemble, every possible arrangement of the atoms or molecules in the system. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

microstethophone
Synonym: microstethoscope. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Stethos, chest, + phone, sound ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microstethoscope
<instrument> A very small stethoscope that amplifies the sounds heard. ... Synonym: microstethophone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microstomia
A congenital defect in which the mouth is unusually small. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microstructure
<microscopy> The structure or texture of a suitably prepared specimen as revealed by a microscope. ... See: structure, morphology. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

microsurgery
<procedure, surgery> Reconstructive surgery on small body parts performed under magnification using delicate instruments and precise techniques. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

microsuture
Tiny caliber suture material, often 9-0 or 10-0, with an attached needle of corresponding size, for use in microsurgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microsyringe
A hypodermic syringe that has a micrometer screw attached to the piston, whereby accurately measured minute quantities of fluid may be injected. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microthelia
Smallness of the nipples. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Thele, nipple ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microtia
Smallness of the auricle of the ear with a blind or absent external auditory meatus. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Ous, ear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microtinae
A subfamily of the muridae consisting of 20 genera. Voles, lemmings, and muskrats are included in this subfamily. They occur nearly world-wide. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microtine
Relating to voles or lemmings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microtome
<instrument> A device used for cutting sections from an embedded specimen, either for light or electron microscopy. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

microtomy
<procedure> The technique of using a microtome to cut thin or ultrathin sections of tissues embedded in a supporting substance. The microtome is an instrument that hold a steel, glass or diamond knife in clamps at an angle to the blocks of prepared tissues, which it cuts in sections of equal thickness. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microtonometer
A small tonometer invented by Krogh, originally intended for animals but later adapted to humans, for determining the tensions of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood; it provides the means of bringing a small bubble of air into gaseous equilibrium with a sample of blood obtained by arterial puncture. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Tonos, tone, + met …

microtrabecular network
<cell biology> Complex network arrangement seen using the high voltage electron microscope to look at the cytoplasm of cells prepared by very rapid freezing. The suggestion was that most cytoplasmic proteins are in fact loosely associated with one another in this fibrillar network and are separate from the aqueous phase that contains only sma …

Microtrombidium
A genus of chigger or harvest mites that cause severe itching from the presence of the larval stage (chigger) in the skin. ... Origin: micro-+ Mod. L. Trombidium, a timid one ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microtropia
Strabismus of less than four degrees, associated with amblyopia, eccentric fixation, or anomalous retinal correspondence. ... Origin: micro-+ G. Trope, a turn, turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microtubule
<cell biology> Cytoplasmic tubule, 25nm outside diameter with a 5nm thick wall. Made of tubulin heterodimers packed in a three start helix (or of 13 protofilaments looked at another way) and associated with various other proteins (MAPs, dynein, kinesin). Microtubules of the ciliary axoneme are more permanent than cytoplasmic and spindle micro …

microtubule organising centre
<cell biology> Rather amorphous region of cytoplasm from which microtubules radiate. The pattern and number of microtubules is determined by the microtubule organising centre. ... The pericentriolar region is the major microtubule organising centre in animal cells, the basal body of a cilium is another example. Activity of microtubule organisi …

microtubule-associated proteins
<protein> High molecular weight proteins found in the microtubules of the cytoskeletal system. Under certain conditions they are required for tubulin assembly into the microtubules and stabilise the assembled microtubules. ... Acronym: MAP ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

microtubule-organizing centre
A locus in interphase and mitotic cells from which most microtubules radiate; in the centre of this centre is the centriole; this centre determines the polarity of cellular microtubules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microtubules
<cell biology> Thin tubes made up of protein that are used to make structures involved in cellular movement such as flagella. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

microvascular anastomosis
Anastomosis of very small blood vessels performed under a surgical microscope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

microvesicle
A fluid-filled space formed within the epidermis that is too small to be recognised as a blister. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...