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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

root foramen
Synonym for apical foramen of tooth ... The opening at the apex of the root of a tooth that gives passage to the nerve and blood vessels. ... Synonym: foramen apicis dentis, apical dental foramen, root foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

root hair cell
<botany> Root epidermal cell, part of which projects from the root surface as a thin tube, thus increasing the root surface area and promoting absorption of water and ions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

root nodule
<plant biology> Globular structure formed on the roots of certain plants, notably legumes and alder, by symbiotic association between the plant and a nitrogen fixing microorganism (Rhizobium in the case of legumes and Frankia in the case of alder and a variety of other plants). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

root of facial nerve
<anatomy, nerve> Fibres running from the facial motor nucleus upward to the facial colliculus where they curve around the abducens nucleus and then pass peripherally between the superior olive and sensory nucleus of the trigeminal, to emerge as the facial nerve from the pontomedullary groove. ... Synonym: radix nervi facialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

root of foot
Synonym for tarsus ... Origin: NL, fr. Gr. The flat of the foot, the edge of the eyelid. Cf. 2d Tarse. ... 1. <anatomy> The ankle; the bones or cartilages of the part of the foot between the metatarsus and the leg, consisting in man of seven short bones. A plate of dense connective tissue or cartilage in the eyelid of man and many animals. ... S …

root of lung
All the structures entering or leaving the lung at the hilum, forming a pedicle invested with the pleura; includes the bronchi, pulmonary artery and veins, bronchial arteries and veins, lymphatics, and nerves. ... Synonym: radix pulmonis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

root of mesentry
The origin of the mesentery of the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) from the posterior parietal peritoneum; about 9 inches (23 cm.) in length, it extends from the duodenojejunal flexure (just to the left of the midline at the L2 vertebral level) to the ileocaecal junction (iliac fossa). ... Synonym: radix mesenterii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

root of nail
The proximal end of the nail, concealed under a fold of skin. ... Synonym: radix unguis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

root of nose
The upper least protruding portion of the external nose situated between the two orbits. ... Synonym: radix nasi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

root of penis
The proximal attached part of the penis, including the two crura and the bulb. ... Synonym: radix penis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

root of tongue
The posterior attached portion of the tongue. ... Synonym: radix linguae, base of tongue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

root of tooth
That part of a tooth below the neck, covered by cementum rather than enamel, and attached by the periodontal ligament to the alveolar bone. ... Synonym: radix dentis, radix, root. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

root planing
A procedure for smoothing of the roughened root surface or cementum of a tooth after subgingival curettage or scaling, as part of periodontal therapy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

root pressure
<botany> Pressure in the roots which, when the shoot is cut off, will cause liquid to ooze from the root stump, the mechanisms and tissues involved in this process are not clearly understood. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

root resection
Synonym for apicoectomy ... <procedure> Excision of the apical portion of a tooth through an opening made in the overlying labial, buccal, or palatal alveolar bone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

root resorption
Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

root sheath
One of the epidermic layers of the hair follicle: external root sheath is continuous with the stratum basale and stratum spinosum of the epidermis; internal root sheath comprises the cuticle of the internal roots, Huxley's layer, and Henle's layer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

root sprout
<botany> A living shoot which grows from the root of a plant whose above-ground portion has been cut down. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

root tip
Synonym for tip of tooth root ... The tip of a tooth root, the part farthest from the incisal or occlusal side. ... Synonym: apex radicis dentis, root apex, root tip. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rootball
<botany> Nursery transplant with root stock and soil held together by burlap or other wrapping. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

rooting reflex
When the cheek or lip is touched, a newborn baby automatically roots and turns the face toward the stimulus. The rooting reflex helps with breast-feeding. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rootlet
<botany> A radicle, a little root or small branch of a root. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

rootlet system
<plant biology> Microtubules associated with the base of the flagellum in ciliates and flagellates. Also associated with this region is the rhizoplast. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

rootlets
In neuroanatomy, nerve rootlets (fila radicularia). ... See: filum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roots of olfactory tract
Lateral and medial, the two fibre bands that form the caudal continuation of the olfactory tract which, upon diverging, enclose the olfactory tubercle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roots of trigeminal nerve
<anatomy, nerve> Collective term for the sensory root of trigeminal nerve and motor root of trigeminal nerve. ... Synonym: radices nervi trigemini. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rootstock
<botany> A short, erect, swollen structure at the junction of the root and shoot systems of a plant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ROP
<abbreviation> Right occipitoposterior position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ropalocytosis
Formation of numerous processes of erythroid cells, which in ultrathin sections appear club-shaped, associated with cytoplasmic vesicles and found in some diseases of the blood. ... Origin: G. Ropalon, club, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rope flap
Synonym for tubed flap ... A flap in which the sides of the pedicle are sutured together to create a tube, with the entire surface covered by skin. ... Synonym: Filatov flap, Filatov-Gillies flap, Filatov-Gillies tubed pedicle, rope flap, tubed pedicle flap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ropes test
Synonym for mucin clot test ... A test that reflects the polymerization of synovial fluid hyaluronate; a few drops of synovial fluid added to acetic acid form a clot; poor clot formation occurs in a variety of inflammatory conditions including septic arthritis, gouty arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. ... Synonym: Ropes test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rorqual
<zoology> A very large North Atlantic whalebone whale (Physalus antiquorum, or Balaenoptera physalus). It has a dorsal fin, and strong longitudinal folds on the throat and belly. ... Synonym: razorback. ... It is one of the largest of the whales, somethimes becoming nearly one hundred feet long, but it is more slender than the right whales, and …

rorschach test
A projective test used to evaluate a broad range of personality variables including pathology of thought and perception. The subject's responses to inkblot prints are scored along with subjective interpretation by the test administrator. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Rorschach, Hermann
<person> Swiss psychiatrist, 1884-1922. ... See: Rorschach test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ros
<oncogene> An oncogene, identified in bird sarcoma, encoding a receptor tyrosine kinase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Rosa
A genus of plants including the roses (family Rosaceae); several varieties are the sources of rose oil: Rosa alba, cottage rose; Rosa centifolia, the pale rose or cabbage rose (source of official rose oil); Rosa damascena, damask rose; and Rosa gallica, red rose or French rose. ... Origin: L. Rose ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rosacea
Synonym for acne rosacea ... <dermatology> A facial skin disorder which results from chronic inflammation of the cheeks, nose, chin, forehead, and-or eyelids. This is often demonstrated by increased redness or acne-like eruptions in these locations on the face. ... (15 Nov 1997) ...

rosacea-like tuberculid
Synonym for granulomatous rosacea ... Papular lesions in rosacea, characterised microscopically by perifollicular granulomas with central necrosis and scattered giant cells. Lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei is probably a form of granulomatous rosacea. ... Synonym: rosacea-like tuberculid, tuberculoid rosacea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rosaceous
1. <botany> Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Rosaceae) of which the rose is the type. It includes also the plums and cherries, meadowsweet, brambles, the strawberry, the hawthorn, applies, pears, service tress, and quinces. Like a rose in shape or appearance; as, a rosaceous corolla. ... 2. Of a pure purpish pink colour. ... Origi …

Rosai-Dorman disease
Synonym for sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy ... A chronic disease occurring in children and characterised by massive painless cervical lymphadenopathy due to distension of the lymphatic sinuses by macrophages containing ingested lymphocytes, and by capsular and pericapsular fibrosis. ... Synonym: Rosai-Dorman disease. ... (05 Mar 2000 …

rosales
An order of the angiosperms, subclass rosidae. Its members include some of the most known ornamental and edible plants of temperate zones including roses, apples, cherries, and peaches. Plants of a number of the species of the rose family contain cyanide compounds, for example, peach pits and bitter almonds. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rosanilin
A tris(aminophenyl)methyl compound; together with pararosanilin it is a component of basic fuchsin; also used as an antifungal agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rosanilin dyes
Several triaminotriphenylmethane dye's or mixtures of them often sold under the name of basic fuchsin; rosanilin dye's differ from other triphenylmethane dye's in that the amino groups are unsubstituted, and they may have methyl groups introduced directly onto the benzene rings; the four possible such dyes are pararosanilin, rosanilin, new fuchsin, …

rosaniline
<chemistry> A complex nitrogenous base, C20H21N3O, obtained by oxidizing a mixture of aniline and toluidine, as a colourless crystalline substance which forms red salts. These salts are essential components of many of the socalled aniline dyes, as fuchsine, aniline red, etc. By extension, any one of the series of substances derived from, or r …

rosaniline dyes
Any dye or mixture of dyes made from rosaniline, a red triphenylmethane aniline derivative; used to colour fabrics, paper and as biological stain; also used as disinfectant and topical antifungal agent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rosaprostol
A prostaglandin analog with protective properties for the gastric mucosa. Similar to misoprostol and also used as an antiulcerative drug. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rosary
Origin: LL. Rosarium a string of beads, L. Rosarium a place planted with roses, rosa a rose: cf. F. Rosaire. See Rose. ... 1. A bed of roses, or place where roses grow. 'Thick rosaries of scented thorn.' ... 2. A series of prayers (see Note below) arranged to be recited in order, on beads; also, a string of beads by which the prayers are counted. 'Hi …

Roscoe-Bunsen law
Synonym for Bunsen-Roscoe law ... In two photochemical reactions, e.g., the darkening of a photographic plate or film, if the product of the intensity of illumination and the time of exposure are equal, the quantities of chemical material undergoing change will be equal; the retina for short periods of exposure obeys this law. ... Synonym: reciprocit …

Roscoe, Sir Henry
<person> British chemist, 1833-1915. ... See: Bunsen-Roscoe law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rose
1. A flower and shrub of any species of the genus Rosa, of which there are many species, mostly found in the morthern hemispere ... Roses are shrubs with pinnate leaves and usually prickly stems. The flowers are large, and in the wild state have five petals of a colour varying from deep pink to white, or sometimes yellow. By cultivation and hybridiz …

rose bengal
<chemical> 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodospiro(isobenzofuran-1(3h),9'-(9h)xanthen)-3-one dipotassium salt. A bright bluish pink compound that has been used as a dye, biological stain, and diagnostic aid. ... Pharmacological action: fluorescent dyes. ... Chemical name: Rose Bengal ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rose bengal radioactive test
A test of liver function used as a means of measuring hepatic blood flow and for scintillation scanning of the liver to determine size and contour of the liver, or the presence of space-occupying masses in the liver. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rose cephalic tetanus
Synonym for cephalic tetanus ... A type of local tetanus that follows wounds to the face and head; after a brief incubation (1-2 days) the facial and ocular muscles become paretic yet undergo repeated tetanic spasms. The throat and tongue muscles may also be affected. ... Synonym: cerebral tetanus, head tetanus, hydrophobic tetanus, rose cephalic tet …

rose cold
Allergic rhinitis occurring in the spring and early summer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rose growers granuloma
<dermatology> A fungal skin infection caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii and commonly seen in gardeners. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

rose hips
<botany> The fleshy, light coloured fruit of the rose. Rose hips are an extremely rich source of vitamin C, approximately 120 times as rich as oranges. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

rose oil
A volatile oil from Rosa centifolia; used in perfumery and in ointments. ... Synonym: attar of rose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rose spots
Characteristic exanthema of typhoid fever; 10-20 small pink papules on the lower trunk lasting a few days and leaving hyperpigmentation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rose-Bradford kidney
A form of fibrotic kidney of inflammatory origin found in young persons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rose-Waaler test
A test of historical interest: when sheep red cells are suspended in a concentration of antiserum to sheep red cells which is too low to cause agglutination, the addition of serum from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis will cause agglutination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rose, Edmund
<person> German physician, 1836-1914. ... See: Rose's position, Rose's cephalic tetanus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rose, H
<person> U.S. Microbiologist, *1906. ... See: Rose-Waaler test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rose's position
The patient lies on his back with the head falling down over the end of the table; used in operations within the mouth or pharynx. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roseate
Rose-coloured or rose-shaped. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

rosefish
<zoology> A large marine scorpaenoid food fish (Sebastes marinus) found on the northern coasts of Europe and America. ... Synonym: red perch, hemdurgan, Norway haddok, and also, erroneously, snapper, bream, and bergylt. ... When full grown it is usually bright rose-red or orange-red; the young are usually mottled with red and ducky brown. ... So …

rosemary
A labiate shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis) with narrow grayish leaves, growing native in the southern part of France, Spain, and Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It has a fragrant smell, and a warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is used in cookery, perfumery, etc, and is an emblem of fidelity or constancy. 'There's rosemary, that's for remembra …

rosemary oil
The volatile oil distilled with steam from the fresh flowering tops of Rosmarinus officinalis (family Labiatae); used as a flavoring and in perfumery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenbach-Gmelin test
Synonym for Gmelin's test ... A test for bile in the urine or other body fluid; nitric acid, with a little nitrous acid, is cautiously added to a few milliliters of the material to be tested; if bile (bilirubin) is present, it is oxidised to varying degrees, thereby resulting in disklike zones that are (from the interface outward) yellow, red, viole …

Rosenbach, Ottomar
<person> German physician, 1851-1907. ... See: Rosenbach's disease, Rosenbach's law, Rosenbach's sign, Rosenbach's test, Rosenbach-Gmelin test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenbach's disease
Synonym for Heberden's nodes ... Exostoses about the size of a pea or smaller, found on the terminal phalanges of the fingers in osteoarthritis, which are enlargements of the tubercles at the articular extremities of the distal phalanges. ... Synonym: Heberden's nodosities, Rosenbach's disease, tuberculum arthriticum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenbach's law
In affections of the nerve trunks or nerve centres, paralysis of the flexor muscles appears later than that of the extensors, in cases of abnormal stimulation of organs with rhythmical functional periodicity, there is often a grouping of the individual acts with corresponding lengthening of the pauses, in such a way that the proportion of total res …

Rosenbach's sign
<clinical sign> Loss of the abdominal reflex in cases of acute inflammation of the viscera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenbach's test
A test for bile in the urine; the suspected urine is passed several times through the same filter paper, which is then dried and touched with a drop of slightly fuming nitric acid; the presence of bile is indicated by the resulting play of colours characteristic of the bile pigments (a yellow spot surrounded by rings of red, violet, blue, and green …

Rosenmuller, Johann
<person> German anatomist, 1771-1820. ... See: Rosenmuller's fossa, Rosenmuller's gland, Rosenmuller's node, Rosenmuller's recess, Rosenmuller's valve, organ of Rosenmuller. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenmuller's fossa
Synonym for pharyngeal recess ... A slitlike depression in the membranous (non-muscular) pharyngeal wall extending posterior to the opening of the auditory (eustachian) tube. ... Synonym: recessus pharyngeus, recessus infundibuliformis, Rosenmuller's fossa, Rosenmuller's recess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenmuller's recess
Synonym for pharyngeal recess ... A slitlike depression in the membranous (non-muscular) pharyngeal wall extending posterior to the opening of the auditory (eustachian) tube. ... Synonym: recessus pharyngeus, recessus infundibuliformis, Rosenmuller's fossa, Rosenmuller's recess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenmuller's valve
Synonym for lacrimal fold ... A fold of mucous membrane guarding the lower opening of the nasolacrimal duct. ... Synonym: plica lacrimalis, Bianchi's valve, Hasner's fold, Hasner's valve, Huschke's valve, Rosenmuller's valve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenthal fibre
An oval or elongated eosinophilic mass believed to represent a modified process of an astrocyte; seen in large numbers in certain slowly growing astrocytomas and areas of chronic reactive gliosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenthal, Curt
<person> 20th century German psychiatrist. ... See: Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenthal, Friedrich
<person> German anatomist, 1780-1829. ... See: Rosenthal's canal, Rosenthal's vein, basal vein of Rosenthal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenthal's canal
Synonym for cochlear canal ... The winding tube of the bony labyrinth which makes two and a half turns about the modiolus of the cochlea; it is divided incompletely into two compartments by a winding shelf of bone, the bony spiral lamina. ... Synonym: canalis spiralis cochleae, Rosenthal's canal, spiral canal of cochlea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenthal's vein
Synonym: basal vein of Rosenthal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rosenthaler-Turk reagent
A solution of potassium arsenate in sulfuric acid used in obtaining colour tests for various opium alkaloids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roseo-
<chemistry, prefix> A prefix (also used adjectively) signifying rose-red; specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds (called roseo-cobaltic compounds) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf. Luteo-. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

roseola
<paediatrics> Also called baby measles. This is a nonserious but common childhood viral infection that starts with a high fever and swollen lymph glands. After 24 hours, the fever breaks and the child develops a red rash on the neck and trunk. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

roseola infantilis
Another name for Roseola. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

roseola infantum
The full name for Roseola. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

roseolous
Relating to or resembling roseola. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roseolovirus
A genus of the family herpesviridae, subfamily betaherpesvirinae, whose viruses have been isolated from lymphocytes. Herpes virus 6, human is the type species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

roseolovirus infections
Infection with roseolovirus, the most common in humans being exanthema subitum, a benign disease of infants and young children. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Roser-Nelaton line
Synonym for Nelaton's line ... A line drawn from the anterior superior iliac spine to the tuberosity of the ischium; normally the great trochanter lies in this line, but in cases of iliac dislocation of the hip or fracture of the neck of the femur the trochanter is felt above the line. ... Synonym: Roser-Nelaton line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roser, Wilhelm
<person> German surgeon, 1817-1888. ... See: Roser-Nelaton line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rosette
<dermatology> A group of organs or other body features, such as leaves or hair, which are clustered and crowned around a common point of attachment. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

rosette formation
The in vitro formation of clusters consisting of a cell (usually a lymphocyte) surrounded by antigenic cells or antigen-bearing particles (usually erythrocytes, which may or may not be coated with antibody or antibody and complement). The rosette-forming cell may be an antibody-forming cell, a memory cell, a T-cell, a cell bearing surface cytophili …

rosette test
A test for rosette-forming cells (T-lymphocytes) in which these cells and sheep erythrocytes, are incubated and centrifuged lightly, then examined under a microscope for rosette formation or adherence of erythrocytes to T lymphocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rosette-forming cells
T lymphocytes with an affinity for sheep erythrocytes and which, when suspended in serum, bind the uncoated, nonsensitised erythrocytes in a rosette formation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rosewood
A valuable cabinet wood of a dark red colour, streaked and variegated with black, obtained from several tropical leguminous trees of the genera Dalbergia and Machaerium. The finest kind is from Brazil, and is said to be from the Dalbergia nigra. African rosewood, the wood of the leguminous tree Pterocarpus erinaceus. Jamaica rosewood, the wood of t …

rosolic
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or designating, a complex red dyestuff (called rosolic acid) which is analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It is produced by oxidizing a mixture of phenol and cresol, as a dark red amorphous mass, C20H16O3, which forms weak salts with bases, and stable ones with acids. ... Synonym: methyl aurin, and, formerly, corallin …

Ross cycle
The life cycle of the malaria parasite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ross River fever
Synonym for epidemic polyarthritis ... A mild febrile illness of humans in Australia characterised by polyarthralgia and rash, caused by the Ross River virus, a member of the family Togaviridae, and transmitted by mosquitoes. ... Synonym: epidemic exanthema, Murray Valley rash, Ross River fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...