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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

ross river virus
A species of alphavirus associated with epidemic exanthema and polyarthritis in Australia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Ross-Jones test
A test for an excess of globulin in the cerebrospinal fluid; 1 ml of cerebrospinal fluid is carefully floated over 2 ml of a concentrated ammonium sulfate solution; if globulin is present in excess, a fine white ring appears at the line of junction in about 3 min. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ross, Sir George
<person> Canadian physician, 1841-1931. ... See: Ross-Jones test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ross, Sir Ronald
<person> English physician and Nobel laureate, 1857-1932. ... See: Ross cycle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rossolimo, Grigoriy
<person> Russian neurologist, 1860-1928. ... See: Rossolimo's reflex, Rossolimo's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rossolimo's reflex
Flicking the tops of the toes from the plantar surface causes flexion of the toes; a stretch reflex of the flexors of the toes seen in lesions of the pyramidal tracts. ... See: Starling's reflex. ... Synonym: plantar muscle reflex, Rossolimo's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rossolimo's sign
Synonym for Rossolimo's reflex ... Flicking the tops of the toes from the plantar surface causes flexion of the toes; a stretch reflex of the flexors of the toes seen in lesions of the pyramidal tracts. ... See: Starling's reflex. ... Synonym: plantar muscle reflex, Rossolimo's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostellum
<botany> A beak-like upward extension of the stigma in orchids. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

rostrad
1. In a direction toward any rostrum. ... 2. Situated nearer a rostrum or the snout end of an organism in relation to a specific reference point; opposite of caudad. ... Origin: L. Rostrum, beak, + -ad, toward ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostral
Relating to any rostrum or anatomical structure resembling a beak. ... Synonym: rostralis. ... Origin: L. Rostralis, fr. Rostrum, beak ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostral lamina
A whitish line appearing on perfectly median sections of the brain as a thin bridge connecting the rostrum of the corpus callosum with the lamina terminalis; the rostral lamina contains no commissural fibres; instead, it corresponds to the line along which the pia mater reflects from the medial surface of one hemisphere to that of the other. ... Syn …

rostral layer
Synonym for rostral lamina ... A whitish line appearing on perfectly median sections of the brain as a thin bridge connecting the rostrum of the corpus callosum with the lamina terminalis; the rostral lamina contains no commissural fibres; instead, it corresponds to the line along which the pia mater reflects from the medial surface of one hemispher …

rostral neuropore
The temporary opening at the extreme rostral (cephalic) end of the early embryonic forebrain; closes at the 20th somite stage. ... Synonym: anterior neuropore, cranial neuropore. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostral transtentorial herniation
Displacement of anterior cerebellar structures through the incisura, with or without caudorostral brainstem shift. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostralis
Synonym: rostral, rostral. ... Origin: L. Fr. Rostrum, beak ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostrate
Having a beak or hook. ... Origin: L. Rostratus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostrate pelvis
Synonym for osteomalacic pelvis ... A pelvic deformity in osteomalacia; the pressure of the trunk on the sacrum and lateral pressure of the femoral heads produce a pelvic aperture that is three-cornered or has the shape of a heart or cloverleaf, while the pubic bone becomes beak-shaped. ... Synonym: beaked pelvis, rostrate pelvis. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

rostriform
Beak-shaped. ... Origin: L. Rostrum, beak ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostrum
Origin: L, beak, ship's beak, fr. Rodere, rosum, to gnaw. See Rodent. ... 1. The beak or head of a ship. ... 2. (Rostra) The Beaks; the stage or platform in the forum where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, etc, were delivered; so called because after the Latin war, it was adorned with the beaks of captured vessels; later, applied also to other …

rostrum corporis callosi
Synonym for rostrum of corpus callosum ... Beak of the corpus callosum, the recurved portion of the corpus callosum passing backward from the genu to the anterior commissure. ... Synonym: rostrum corporis callosi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostrum of corpus callosum
Beak of the corpus callosum, the recurved portion of the corpus callosum passing backward from the genu to the anterior commissure. ... Synonym: rostrum corporis callosi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostrum of the sphenoid bone
The anterior projecting part of the body of the sphenoid bone which articulates with the vomer. ... Synonym: rostrum sphenoidale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rostrum sphenoidale
Synonym for rostrum of the sphenoid bone ... The anterior projecting part of the body of the sphenoid bone which articulates with the vomer. ... Synonym: rostrum sphenoidale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rosulate
Clustered into a rosette. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

rot
1. To undergo a process common to organic substances by which they lose the cohesion of their parts and pass through certain chemical changes, giving off usually in some stages of the process more or less offensive odors; to become decomposed by a natural process; to putrefy; to decay. 'Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, pr …

rotameter
A device for measuring the flow of gas or liquid; the fluid flowing up through a slightly tapered tube elevates a ball or other weight that partially obstructs the flow, until the wider cross-section allows that flow to pass around the floating obstruction. ... Origin: L. Rota, wheel, + G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotary joint
Synonym for pivot joint ... A synovial joint in which a section of a cylinder of one bone fits into a corresponding cavity on the other, as in the proximal radioulnar joint. ... Synonym: articulatio trochoidea, helicoid ginglymus, lateral ginglymus, rotary joint, rotatory joint, trochoid articulation, trochoid joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotary subluxation of scaphoid
<radiology> Scaphoid ring sign, Terry Thomas sign (scapho-lunate dissociation) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rotate
1. <anatomy> To turn. ... 2. <plant biology> Circular and flattened, for example of a corolla with a very short tube and spreading lobes. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

rotating anode
In diagnostic radiography, modern X-ray tubes that have a mushroom-shaped anode that rotates rapidly to avoid local heat buildup from electron impact during X-ray generation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotating anode tube
A modern X-ray tube, in which heat buildup is distributed through a larger volume by rotating the target. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotation
<dentistry> A movement in which the tooth turned along the long axis of the tooth. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

rotation flap
A pedicle flap that is rotated from the donor site to an adjacent recipient area, usually as a direct flap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotation therapy
Teletherapy in which a desirable radiation dose distribution is achieved by rotating the patient or machine about an axis passing through the centre of the tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotational axis
Synonym for fulcrum line ... An imaginary line around which a removable partial denture tends to rotate. ... Synonym: rotational axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotational nystagmus
Jerky nystagmus arising from stimulation of the labyrinth by rotation of the head around any axis and induced by change of motion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotational transform
<radiobiology> \iota = 2PI/q) Due to the combination of applied toroidal field and induced poloidal field, the magnetic field lines wind helically around the torus (and on most flux surfaces they fill the surface ergodically). The rotational transform is a measure of this helicity, and is defined as the average angle the field line shifts in …

rotative
Turning, as a wheel; rotary; rotational. 'This high rotative velocity of the sun must cause an equatorial rise of the solar atmosphere.' (Siemens) Rotative engine, a steam engine in which the reciprocating motion of the piston is transformed into a continuous rotary motion, as by means of a connecting rod, a working beam and crank, or an oscillatin …

rotator cuff
<anatomy> The rotator cuff is a tendon formed by three distinct muscles: teres minor, supraspinatus and infraspinatus, which stabilise the head of the humerus within the shoulder joint. ... Tendinitis or injury to the rotator cuff muscle can make shoulder abduction (lifting the arm out to the side) and external rotation painful. In most cases …

rotator cuff tendinitis
<pathology> The rotator cuff is a tendon formed by three distinct muscles: teres minor, supraspinatus and infraspinatus, which stabilise the head of the humerus within the shoulder joint. Tendinitis or injury to the rotator cuff muscle can make shoulder abduction (lifting the arm out to the side) and external rotation painful. In most cases t …

rotator muscles
Synonym for rotatores muscles ... Deepest of the three layers of transversospinalis muscles, chiefly developed in the thoracic region; they arise from the transverse process of one vertebra and are inserted into the root of the spinous process of the next two or three vertebrae above; action, traditionally described as a column, it is more likely th …

rotatores cervicis muscles
The rotator muscles attached to the cervical vertebrae. ... Synonym: musculi rotatores cervicis, cervical rotator muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotatores lumborum muscles
The rotator muscles of the lumbar vertebrae. ... Synonym: musculi rotatores lumborum, lumbar rotator muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotatores muscles
Deepest of the three layers of transversospinalis muscles, chiefly developed in the thoracic region; they arise from the transverse process of one vertebra and are inserted into the root of the spinous process of the next two or three vertebrae above; action, traditionally described as a column, it is more likely that these muscles, provided with a …

rotatores thoracis muscles
The rotators of the thoracic vertebrae. ... Synonym: musculi rotatores thoracis, thoracic rotator muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotatory
1. Turning as on an axis; rotary. ... 2. Going in a circle; following in rotation or succession; as, rotatory assembles. ... 3. <optics> Producing rotation of the plane of polarization; as, the rotatory power of bodies on light. See the Note under polarization. ... Origin: Cf. F. Rotatoire. See Rotate, Rotary. ... <zoology> A rotifer. ... So …

rotatory nystagmus
A movement of the eyes around the visual axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotatory spasm
Synonym for spasmodic torticollis ... A disorder of unknown cause, manifested as a restricted dystonia, localised to some of the neck muscles, especially the sternomastoid and trapezius; occurs in adults and tends to progress slowly; the head movements increase with standing and walking and decrease with contractual stimuli, e.g., touching the chin …

rotatory tic
Synonym for spasmodic torticollis ... A disorder of unknown cause, manifested as a restricted dystonia, localised to some of the neck muscles, especially the sternomastoid and trapezius; occurs in adults and tends to progress slowly; the head movements increase with standing and walking and decrease with contractual stimuli, e.g., touching the chin …

Rotavirus
<virology> Genus of the Reoviridae having a double layered capsid and 11 double stranded RNA molecules in the genome. They have a wheel like appearance in the electron microscope and cause acute diarrhoeal disease in their mammalian and avian hosts. ... Probably the most important cause of severe dehydrating diarrhoea in children under three y …

rotavirus antigen test
<investigation, microbiology> A test which detects the presence of rotavirus in the stool. This virus is a common cause of childhood gastroenteritis. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

rotavirus infections
Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhoea, neonatal calf diarrhoea, and epidemic diarrhoea of infant mice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rotavirus stool test
<investigation> A test which detects the presence of rotavirus in the stool. This virus is a common cause of childhood gastroenteritis. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

Rotch
Thomas M., U.S. Physician, 1848-1914. ... See: Rotch's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rotch's sign
<clinical sign> In pericardial effusion, percussion dullness in the fifth intercostal space on the right. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rote learning
The learning of arbitrary relationships, usually by repetition of the learning procedure through memorization and without an understanding of the relationships. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roteln
Roetheln ... Synonym: rubella. ... Origin: Ger. Little red spots, fr. Rot, red, + -el, dim. Suffix ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotenone
<biochemistry> An inhibitor of electron transport that blocks transfer of reducing equivalents from NADH dehydrogenase to coenzyme Q. A very potent poison for fish and for insects. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Roth-Bernhardt disease
meralgia paraesthetica ...

Roth, Moritz
<person> Swiss physician and pathologist, 1839-1914. ... See: Roth's spots, vas aberrans of Roth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roth, Vladimir
<person> Russian neurologist, 1848-1916. ... See: Roth's disease, Roth-Bernhardt disease, Bernhardt-Roth syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roth's disease
meralgia paraesthetica ...

Roth's spots
A round white retina spot surrounded by haemorrhage in bacterial endocarditis, and in other retinal haemorrhagic conditions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rothera, Arthur
<person> English biochemist, 1880-1915. ... See: Rothera's nitroprusside test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rothera's nitroprusside test
A test for ketone bodies; 5 ml of fresh urine are saturated with solid ammonium sulfate and mixed with 10 drops of freshly prepared 2% sodium nitroprusside solution, which is then mixed with 10 drops of concentrated ammonia water and allowed to stand for 15 min; the presence of acetoacetic acid, or of larger concentrations of acetone, is indicated …

Rothia
A genus of nonmotile, nonsporeforming, non-acid-fast, aerobic to facultatively anaerobic bacteria (family Actinomycetaceae) containing Gram-positive, coccoid, diphtheroid, or filamentous cells; metabolism is fermentative, and glucose fermentation yields primarily lactic acid but no propionic acid. These organisms are normal inhabitants of the human …

rothmund-thomson syndrome
<syndrome> A genetic disorder with numerous features affecting skin (premature aging, excess pigmentation, dilated blood vessels),eyes (juvenile cataract), nose (saddle nose), teeth (maldeveloped), skeletal system (congenital bone defects) hair (abnormal), gonads (underdevelopment) limbs (soft tissue contractures), growth (short stature), blo …

Rothmund, August von
<person> German physician, 1830-1906. ... See: Rothmund's syndrome, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rothmund's syndrome
<syndrome> Atrophy, pigmentation, and telangiectasia of the skin, usually with juvenile cataract, saddle nose, congenital bone defects, disturbance of hair growth, hypogonadism; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: poikiloderma atrophicans and cataract, poikiloderma congenitale, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotifera
<zoology> An order of minute worms which usually have one or two groups of vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often give an appearance of rapidly revolving wheels. The species are very numerous in fresh waters, and are very diversified in form and habits. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

Rotor, Arturo
<person> 20th century Philippine internist. ... See: Rotor's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rotor's syndrome
<syndrome> Jaundice appearing in childhood due to impaired biliary excretion; most of the plasma bilirubin is conjugated, liver fraction tests are usually normal, and there is no hepatic pigmentation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotoscoliosis
Combined lateral and rotational deviation of the vertebral column. ... Origin: L. Roto, to rotate, + G. Skoliosis, crookedness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rototome
A rotating cutting instrument used in arthroscopic surgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotoxamine
(-)-2-[p-Chloro-alpha-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)benzyl]pyridine;active isomer of carbinoxamine; an antihistaminic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rotten
Having rotted; putrid; decayed; as, a rotten apple; rotten meat. Hence: ... Offensive to the smell; fetid; disgusting. 'You common cry or curs! whose breath I hate As reek of the rotten fens.' (Shak) ... Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective; treacherous; unsafe; as, a rotten plank, bone, stone. 'The deepness of the rotten way.' Rotten borough. See …

rouge
1. <chemistry> A red amorphous powder consisting of ferric oxide. It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and as a cosmetic, etc. Called also crocus, jeweler's rouge, etc. ... 2. A cosmetic used for giving a red colour to the cheeks or lips. The best is prepared from the dried flowers of the safflower, but it is often made from carmine. …

Rouget cell
A cell with several slender processes that embraces the capillary wall in amphibia. ... Synonym: capillary pericyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rouget-Neumann sheath
The amorphous ground substance between an osteocyte and the lacunar or canalicular wall. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rouget, Antoine
<person> 19th century French physiologist. ... See: Rouget's bulb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rouget, Charles
<person> French physiologist, 1824-1904. ... See: Rouget cell, Rouget's muscle, Rouget-Neumann sheath. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rouget's bulb
A venous plexus on the surface of the ovary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rouget's muscle
Synonym for circular fibres ... The circular fibres of the ciliary muscle. ... Synonym: fibrae circulares, Muller's fibres, Muller's muscle, Rouget's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rough
Not smooth; denoting the irregular, coarsely granular surface of a certain bacterial colony type. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rough colony
A bacterial colony with a granular, flattened surface; this type of colony is usually associated with loss of virulence with respect to that of smooth colony's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rough endoplasmic reticulum
<cell biology> Membrane organelle of eukaryotes that forms sheets and tubules. ... Contains the receptor for the signal receptor particle and binds ribosomes engaged in translating mRNA for secreted proteins and the majority of transmembrane proteins. Also a site of membrane lipid synthesis. The membrane is very similar to the nuclear outer me …

rough line
Synonym for linea aspera ... A rough ridge with two pronounced lips running down the posterior surface of the shaft of the femur; the lateral lip of the linea aspera is a continuation of the gluteal tuberosity, the medial lip of the intertrochanteric line; it affords attachment to the vastus medialis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor brevi …

rough microsome
<cell biology> Small vesicles obtained by sonicating cells and that are derived from the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Have bound ribosomes and can be used to study protein syntheis. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

rough strain
<microbiology> Bacterial strains that have altered outer cell wall carbohydrate chains causing colonies on agar to change their appearance from smooth to dull. ... In Streptococci the smooth strains are virulent whereas the rough strains are not. This is partly because the rough strains are much more readily phagocytosed. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

rough trees
Live trees of commercial species which do not contain a sawlog because of roughness, poor form, splits, or cracks. Includes all living trees of noncommercial species. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

roughage
1. Anything in the diet, e.g., bran, serving as a bulk stimulant of intestinal peristalsis. ... 2. Hay or other coarse feed fed to cattle and other herbivores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roughleg
<zoology> Any one of several species of large hawks of the genus Archibuteo, having the legs feathered to the toes. ... Synonym: rough-legged hawk, and rough-legged buzzard. ... The best known species is Archibuteo lagopus of Northern Europe, with its darker American variety (Sancti-johannis). The latter is often nearly or quite black. The ferr …

Roughton-Scholander apparatus
A syringe-like device for analyzing the respiratory gases in a small sample of blood. ... Synonym: Roughton-Scholander syringe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roughton-Scholander syringe
Synonym for Roughton-Scholander apparatus ... A syringe-like device for analyzing the respiratory gases in a small sample of blood. ... Synonym: Roughton-Scholander syringe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roughton, Francis
<person> British scientist, 1899-1972. ... See: Roughton-Scholander apparatus, Roughton-Scholander syringe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rougnon de Magny, Nicholas
<person> French physician, 1727-1799. ... See: Rougnon-Heberden disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rougnon-Heberden disease
Synonym for angina pectoris ... A paroxysmal thoracic pain, with a failing of suffocation and impending death, due, most often, to anoxia of the myocardium and precipitated by effort or excitement. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

rouleaux
<haematology> Cylindrical masses of red blood cells. Horse blood will spontaneously form rouleaux, in other species it can be induced by reducing the repulsion forces between erythrocytes. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

rouleaux formation
The arrangement of red blood cells in fluid blood (or in diluted suspensions) with their biconcave surfaces in apposition, thereby forming groups that resemble stacks of coins. ... Synonym: false agglutination, pseudoagglutination. ... Origin: Fr. Pl. Of rouleau, a roll ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roulette
1. A game of chance, in which a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered red and black spaces, the one on which it stops indicating the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game. ... 2. A small toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over a plate in order to order to produce rows of dots. A similar whe …