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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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Robertson pupilSynonym for Argyll Robertson pupil ... <clinical sign> Pupils of the eye which react to accommodation but not to light. Seen in cases of tertiary syphilis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
Robertson, Douglas Argyll<person> Scottish ophthalmologist, 1837-1909. ... See: Argyll Robertson pupil, Robertson pupil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robertsonian translocation<molecular biology> A special type of nonreciprocal translocation in chromosomes whereby the long arms of two nonhomologous acrocentric chromosomes are attached to a single centromere. ... The short arms become attached to form a reciprocal structure that however often disappears some divisions after its formation. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...
robin<zoology> A small European singing bird (Erythacus rubecula), having a reddish breast; called also robin redbreast, robinet, and ruddock. ... An American singing bird (Merula migratoria), having the breast chestnut, or dull red. The upper parts are olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called also robin redbreast, and migratory thrush. ... An …
Robin, Charles<person> French physician, 1821-1885. ... See: Virchow-Robin space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robin, Pierre<person> French paediatrician, 1867-1950. ... See: Pierre Robin syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robin's syndromeSynonym for pierre robin syndrome ... <syndrome> An autosomal recessive disorder characterised by brachygnathia and cleft palate, often associated with glossoptosis, backward and upward displacement of the larynx, and angulation of the manubrium sterni. Cleft palate makes sucking and swallowing difficult, permitting easy access of fluids into …
Robinow dwarfismDwarfism associated with foetal face, acral dysostosis, and genital anomalies; there is also an autosomal recessive form. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robinow's syndromeSynonym for foetal face syndrome ... <syndrome> A syndrome of facies resembling an early foetus with short forearms, and genital hypoplasia at birth, but without evidence of achondroplasia; leads to dwarfism without mental retardation. ... Synonym: Robinow's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robinson catheterA straight urethral catheter with two to six holes to facilitate drainage, especially in the presence of blood clots which may occlude one or more openings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robinson indexAn index used to calculate heart work load. ... See: double product. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robinson, Andrew<person> U.S. Dermatologist, 1845-1924. ... See: Robinson's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robinson, Brian<person> 20th century British cardiologist. ... See: Robinson index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robinson, Robert<person> U.S. Orthopedic surgeon, *1914. ... See: Smith-Robinson operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robinson's diseaseOhbsolete term for hidrocystoma(s) occurring in the skin of the face, especially in the region of the eyes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robison esterSynonym for d-glucose-6-phosphate ... A key intermediate in glycolysis, glycogenolysis, pentose phosphate shunt, etc.; elevated levels inhibit brain hexokinase and glycolysis. ... Synonym: Robison ester, Robison-Embden ester. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robison ester dehydrogenaseSynonym for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> An NADP+ enzyme that catalyses the dehydrogenation (oxidation) of d-glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phospho-d-glucono-d-lactone, this reaction initiating the Dickens shunt. ... Deficiency of this enzyme is the commonest disease-causing enzyme defect in humans affecting an estimated 400 million …
Robison-Embden esterSynonym for d-glucose-6-phosphate ... A key intermediate in glycolysis, glycogenolysis, pentose phosphate shunt, etc.; elevated levels inhibit brain hexokinase and glycolysis. ... Synonym: Robison ester, Robison-Embden ester. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Robison, Robert<person> English chemist, 1884-1941. ... See: Robison ester, Robison ester dehydrogenase, Robison-Embden ester. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
roboticPertaining to or characteristic of a robot, an automatic mechanical device designed to duplicate a human function without direct human operation. ... Origin: Czech robot, robot, fr. Robota, drudgery, + -ic ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
roboticsThe application of electronic, computerised control systems to mechanical devices designed to perform human functions. Formerly restricted to industry, but nowadays applied to artificial organs controlled by bionic (bioelectronic) devices, like automated insulin pumps and other prostheses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
robust1. Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong; sinewy; muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust body; robust youth; robust health. ... 2. Violent; rough; rude. 'While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust.' (Thomson) ... 3. Requiring strength or vigor; as, robust employment. ... Synonym: Strong, lusty, sinewy, sturdy, muscular …
robustnessIn statistics, the degree to which the probability of drawing a wrong conclusion from the test result is not seriously affected by moderate departures from the assumptions implicit in the model on which the test is based. ... Origin: L. Robustus, hale, strong, fr. Robur, oak, hard ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
roc curveA graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
roccellic<chemistry> Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic series found in archil (Roccella tinctoria, etc), and other lichens, and extracted as a white crystalline substance C17H32O4. ... Origin: F. Roccellique, fr. Roccelle archil, It. & NL. Roccella, fr. It. Rocca a rock, because archil grows on rock. ... Source: Websters Di …
roccellinSynonym for archil ... 1. A violet dye obtained from several species of lichen (Roccella tinctoria, etc), which grow on maritime rocks in the Canary and Cape Verd Islands, etc. ... 2. The plant from which the dye is obtained. ... Alternative forms: orchal and orchil. ... Origin: OF. Orchel, orcheil, It. Orcella, oricello, or OSp. Orchillo. Cf. Orchil.< …
RochalimaeaFormer name for a genus of bacteria (family Rickettsiaceae) closely resembling Rickettsia in staining properties, morphology, and mode of transmission between hosts. They usually reside in the extracellular environment in the arthropod host and can be cultivated in cell-free media. Related bacterium causes bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromise …
rochelleA seaport town in France. Rochelle powders. Same as Seidlitz powders. ... <chemistry> Rochelle salt, the double tartrate of sodium and potassium, a white crystalline substance. It has a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste and is employed as a mild purgative. It was discovered by Seignette, an apothecary of Rochelle, and is called also Seign …
Rochelle saltSynonym for potassium sodium tartrate ... KNaC4H4O6;a mild saline cathartic, used as an ingredient in compound effervescent powders. ... Synonym: Rochelle salt, Seignette's salt, sodium potassium tartrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rocher, Henri Gaston Louis<person> French surgeon, *1876. ... See: Rocher's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rocher's signSynonym for drawer sign ... <clinical sign> In a knee examination, the forward or backward sliding of the tibia indicating laxity or tear of the anterior (forward slide) or posterior (backward slide) cruciate ligaments of the knee. ... Synonym: drawer test, Rocher's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rochet1. A linen garment resembling the surplise, but with narrower sleeves, also without sleeves, worn by bishops, and by some other ecclesiastical dignitaries, in certain religious ceremonies. 'They see no difference between an idler with a hat and national cockade, and an idler in a cowl or in a rochet.' (Burke) ... 2. A frock or outer garment worn in …
rock1. A large concreted mass of stony material; a large fixed stone or crag. See Stone. 'Come one, come all! this rock shall fly From its firm base as soon as I.' (Sir W. Scott) ... 2. <geology> Any natural deposit forming a part of the earth's crust, whether consolidated or not, including sand, earth, clay, etc, when in natural beds. ... 3. That …
rock oilSynonym for petroleum ... Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary …
rocker1. One who rocks; specifically, one who rocks a cradle. 'It was I, sir, said the rocker, who had the honor, some thirty years since, to attend on your highness in your infancy.' (Fuller) ... 2. One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on which a cradle, chair, etc, rocks. ... 3. Any implement or machine working with a rocking motion, as a trough mo …
rocket1. An artificial firework consisting of a cylindrical case of paper or metal filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter, charcoal, and sulphur, and fastened to a guiding stick. The rocket is projected through the air by the force arising from the expansion of the gases liberated by combustion of the composition. Rockets are used …
rocket immunoelectrophoresisA quantitative method for serum proteins which involves electrophoresis of antigen into a gel containing antibody; the technique is restricted to detection of antigens that move to the positive pole on electrophoresis. ... See: electroimmunodiffusion. ... Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, a combination of conventional electrophoretic separation …
rockfish<zoology> Any one of several California scorpaenoid food fishes of the genus Sebastichthys, as the red rockfish (S. Ruber). They are among the most important of California market fishes. Called also rock cod, and garrupa. ... The striped bass. See Bass. ... Any one of several species of Florida and Bermuda groupers of the genus Epinephelus. ... …
rocky mountain spotted fever<infectious disease> An acute febrile (feverish) disease initially recognised in the Rocky Mountain states, caused by Rickettsia rickettsii transmitted by hard-shelled (ixodid) ticks. Occurs only in the Western Hemisphere. ... The disease is characterised by sudden onset of headache, chills and fever which can persist for 2-3 weeks, muscle pai …
rod1. A straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of wood or metal (applied to various purposes). Specifically: An instrument of punishment or correction; figuratively, chastisement. 'He that spareth his rod hateth his son.' (Prov. Xiii. 24) ... A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence, figuratively, power; authority; tyranny; …
rod cellSynonym for retinal rod ... <ophthalmology, physiology> Major photoreceptor cell of vertebrate retina (about 125 million in a human eye). ... Columnar cells (about 40m long, 1m diameter) having three distinct regions: a region adjacent to and synapsed with, the neural layer of the retina contains the nucleus and other cytoplasmic organelles, be …
rod cell of retinaSynonym for rod ... 1. A straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of wood or metal (applied to various purposes). Specifically: An instrument of punishment or correction; figuratively, chastisement. 'He that spareth his rod hateth his son.' (Prov. Xiii. 24) ... A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence, figuratively, power; a …
rod disksMembranous disk's of flattened sacs about 14 nm thick that occur in the outer segment of rods of the retina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rod granuleThe nucleus of a retinal cell connecting with one of the rods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rod monochromatismSynonym for complete achromatopsia ... Achromatopsia with absent colour vision, nystagmus, reduced visual acuity, and light aversion. ... Synonym: rod monochromatism, typical achromatopsia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rod myopathySynonym for nemaline myopathy ... A congenital myofibrillar abnormality in which small threadlike or rod-shaped bodies are scattered through the muscle fibres. It is marked by hypotonia and proximal muscle weakness. It is also called rod myopathy with reference to the threadlike (greek nema, thread) rods or myofibrils (latin fibrilla, a little fibre …
rod nuclear cellSynonym for band cell ... <pathology> Immature neutrophils released from the bone marrow reserve in response to acute demand. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
rod outer segmentSynonym for retinal rod ... <ophthalmology, physiology> Major photoreceptor cell of vertebrate retina (about 125 million in a human eye). ... Columnar cells (about 40m long, 1m diameter) having three distinct regions: a region adjacent to and synapsed with, the neural layer of the retina contains the nucleus and other cytoplasmic organelles, be …
rod outer segmentsThe portion of the retinal rod cell between the inner segment and the pigment epithelium layer of the retina. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rod visionSynonym for scotopic vision ... Vision when the eye is dark-adapted. ... See: dark adaptation, dark-adapted eye. ... Synonym: night vision, rod vision, scotopia, twilight vision. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rodent controlThe reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous rodents through chemical, biological, or other means. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rodent diseasesDiseases of rodents of the order rodentia. This term includes diseases of sciuridae (squirrels), geomyidae (gophers), heteromyidae (pouched mice), castoridae (beavers), cricetidae (rats and mice), muridae (old world rats and mice), erethizontidae (porcupines), and caviidae (guinea pigs). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rodent ulcerAn obsolete term for a slowly enlarging ulcerated basal cell carcinoma, usually on the face. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rodentia<zoology> An order of mammals having two (rarely four) large incisor teeth in each jaw, distant from the molar teeth. The rats, squirrels, rabbits, marmots, and beavers belong to this order. ... The incisor teeth are long, curved, and strongly enameled on the outside, so as to keep a cutting edge. They have a persistent pulp and grow continuou …
rodenticide<chemistry> Any chemical used to kill rodents (rats, mice, etc.) ... (17 Dec 1997) ...
rodenticidesSubstances used to destroy or inhibit the action of rats, mice, or other rodents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rodonalgiaSynonym: erythromelalgia. ... Origin: G. Rhodon, rose, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rods (retina)One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
roe<zoology> A roebuck. See Roebuck. ... The female of any species of deer. ... Origin: OE. Ro, AS. Rah; akin to D. Ree, G. Reh, Icel. Ra, SW. Ra. ... 1. <zoology> The ova or spawn of fishes and amphibians, especially when still inclosed in the ovarian membranes. Sometimes applied, loosely, to the sperm and the testes of the male. ... 2. A mot …
Roentgen<radiobiology, unit> The special unit of exposure, based on a quantity of ionisation (charge) produced by the absorption of X or gamma radiation energy in a specified mass of air under standard conditions. ... 1R = 2.58 x 10-4 C kg-1 or air. ... For radiation protection purposes, an exposure to 1 roentgen of x or gamma rays (air kerma of ~10-2 …
roentgen raySynonym for X-ray ... <investigation> A type of irradiation used for imaging purposes that uses energy beams of very short wavelengths (0.1 to 1000 angstroms) that can penetrate most substances except heavy metals. ... This is the commonest form of imaging technique used in clinical practice everywhere in the world with the image captured on ph …
roentgen-equivalent<radiobiology> A unit of dose equivalent to that quantity of ionizing radiation of any type that produces in man the same biologic effect as one rad of X-rays or gamma rays; the number of rems is equal to the absorbed dose, measured in rads, multiplied by the quality factor of the radiation in question.100 rem = 1 Sv. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
roentgen-equivalent physical<radiobiology, unit> A roentgen equivalent physical is a unit of absorbed radiation approximately equivalent to a roentgen, an international unit of x- or gamma-radiation. ... An obsolete unit of measurement; that quantity of ionizing radiation of any kind which, upon absorption by living tissue, produces an energy gain per gram of tissue equi …
Roentgen, Wilhelm<person, radiobiology> German scientist who discovered X-rays in 1895. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...
roentgenkymogram<investigation> A record of the heart's movements taken with the roentgenkymograph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
roentgenkymograph<apparatus> An apparatus for recording the movements of the heart and great vessels or of the diaphragm on a single film. It consists of a lead sheet called the grid in which are cut horizontal or vertical slits, typically less than 1 mm wide, spaced 1-2 cm apart. During an X-ray exposure lasting as long as several cardiac or respiratory cycl …
roentgenkymographyAn obsolete technique involving the recording of movements of the heart by means of the roentgenkymograph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
roentgenogramSynonym for radiograph ... <dentistry> Another name for an X-ray ... (08 Jan 1998) ...
roentgenographSynonym for radiograph ... <dentistry> Another name for an X-ray ... (08 Jan 1998) ...
roentgenographySynonym for radiography ... <investigation, procedure> The making of film records (radiographs) of internal structures of the body by passage of X-rays or gamma rays through the body to act on specially sensitised film. ... Origin: Gr. Graphein = to write ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
roentgenologistA person skilled in the diagnostic or therapeutic application of roentgen rays; a radiologist. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
roentgenology<specialty> Radiology is also known as roentgenology after Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen who discovered X-rays in 1895. ... Both terms refer to the science of radiation, both ionizing (like X-ray) and nonionizing (like ultrasound), applied to the diagnosis and treatment of disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
roentgenometerSynonym for radiometer ... 1. A forestaff. ... 2. <physics> An instrument designed for measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy. ... It consists of a number of light discs, blackened on one side, placed at the ends of extended arms, supported on an a pivot in an exhausted glass vessel. When exposed to rays of light or heat, the arms rot …
roentgenometryMeasurement of an administered therapeutic or diagnostic dose and the penetrating power of X-rays. ... Synonym: X-ray dosimetry. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
roentgenoscopeSynonym for fluoroscope ... <instrument, radiology> A fluoroscope is an imaging device that uses X-rays to view internal body structures on a screen. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
roentgenoscopySynonym for fluoroscopy ... <radiology> An X-ray procedure that makes it possible to see internal organs in motion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
roentgenotherapySynonym for radiotherapy ... <oncology> The treatment of disease by ionising radiation. ... Origin: Gr. Therapeia = cure ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Roesler-Bressler infarctSynonym for myocardial infarction in dumbbell form ... Infarction involving the septum along with both inferior and anterior walls to make an H-or dumbbell-shaped configuration. ... Synonym: Roesler-Bressler infarct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rogation1. The demand, by the consuls or tribunes, of a law to be passed by the people; a proposed law or decree. ... 2. Litany; supplication. 'He perfecteth the rogations or litanies before in use.' (Hooker) Rogation days, the three days which immediately precede Ascension Day; so called as being days on which the people, walking in procession, sang litani …
Roger, Georges Henri<person> French physiologist, 1860-1946. ... See: Roger's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Roger, Henri<person> French physician, 1809-1891. ... See: Roger's disease, Roger's murmur, bruit de Roger, maladie de Roger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Roger's bruitSynonym for Roger's murmur ... A loud pansystolic murmur maximal at the left sternal border, caused by a small ventricular septal defect. ... Synonym: bruit de Roger, Roger's bruit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Roger's diseaseA congenital cardiac anomaly consisting of a small, isolated, asymptomatic defect of the interventricular septum. ... Synonym: maladie de Roger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Roger's murmurA loud pansystolic murmur maximal at the left sternal border, caused by a small ventricular septal defect. ... Synonym: bruit de Roger, Roger's bruit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Roger's reflexSynonym for oesophagosalivary reflex ... Salivation caused by irritation of the lower end of the oesophagus, as by carcinoma. ... Synonym: Roger's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rogers, Oscar<person> U.S. Physician, 1857-1941. ... See: Rogers' sphygmomanometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rogers' sphygmomanometerAn sphygmomanometer with an aneroid barometer gauge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rogowski loop or coil<radiobiology> A coiled wire loop which encircles a current-carrying plasma. Changes in total plasma current induce a voltage in the loop, integrating (adding up) the voltage over time gives the plasma current. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
rogue1. A vagrant; an idle, sturdy beggar; a vagabond; a tramp. ... The phrase rogues and vagabonds is applied to a large class of wandering, disorderly, or dissolute persons. They were formerly punished by being whipped and having the gristle of the right ear bored with a hot iron. ... 2. A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a cheat. 'The rogue and …
Rohr, Karl<person> Swiss embryologist and gynecologist, *1863. ... See: Rohr's stria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rohr's striaLayer of fibrinoid in the intervillous spaces of the placenta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rohrer's indexBody weight in grams times 100 divided by the cube of height in centimeters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ROISee Return on investment. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
roil1. To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment of; as, to roil wine, cider, etc, in casks or bottles; to roil a spring. ... 2. To disturb, as the temper; to ruffle the temper of; to rouse the passion of resentment in; to perplex. 'That his friends should believe it, was what roiled him [Judge Jeffreys] exceedingly.' (R. North) ... Provincia …
rokitansky-aschoff sinuses<radiology> Small outpouchings of gallbladder mucosa that extend through the muscularis layer, may be congenital, associated with adenomyomatosis of gallbladder ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndromeSynonym for Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome ... <syndrome> Primary amenorrhoea, absence of vagina, or presence of a short vaginal pouch, and absence of the uterus with normal karyotype and ovaries. ... Synonym: Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rokitansky, Karl Freiherr von<person> Austrian pathologist, 1804-1878. ... See: Rokitansky's disease, Rokitansky's hernia, Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rokitansky's diseaseSynonym for acute yellow atrophy of the liver ... A lesion in which there is extensive and rapid death of parenchymal cells of the liver, sometimes with fatty degeneration of the size of the organ; the necrosis may result from fulminant viral infection or chemical poisoning; associated with jaundice. ... Synonym: acute parenchymatous hepatitis, Rokit …
Rokitansky's herniaA separation of the muscular fibres of the bowel allowing protrusion of a sac of the mucous membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rokitansky's pelvisSynonym for spondylolisthetic pelvis ... A pelvis whose brim is more or less occluded by a forward dislocation of the body of the lower lumbar vertebra. ... Synonym: Prague pelvis, Rokitansky's pelvis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
