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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

RNA precursors
RNA copies from DNA that exactly represent the genome sequence. This RNA cannot be used for producing protein until RNA splicing takes place. During this procedure the phosphodiester bonds at exon-intron boundaries are cleaved and the intron is excised. Consequently a new bond is formed between the ends of the exons. The resulting RNA is mature RNA …

RNA primase
<enzyme, molecular biology> An RNA polymerase that synthesises a short RNA primer sequence to initiate DNA replication. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

RNA primer
<molecular biology> The primer sequence synthesised by RNA primase. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...

RNA probes
RNA, usually prepared by transcription from cloned DNA, which complements a specific mRNA or DNA and is generally used for studies of virus genes, distribution of specific RNA in tissues and cells, integration of viral DNA into genomes, transcription, etc. Whereas DNA probes are preferred for use at a more macroscopic level for detection of the pre …

RNA processing
<molecular biology> Modifications of primary RNA trancripts including splicing, cleavage, base modification, capping and the addition of poly A tails. ... See: RNA editing. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...

RNA replicase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (enzyme nomenclature, 1992, p293) ... Chemical name: Nucleoside-triphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.48 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA splicing
<molecular biology> The removal of introns from primary RNA transcripts. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...

RNA splicing pattern
<molecular biology> The combination of DNA sequences copied from a gene by messenger RNA. The mRNAs transcribed from a single gene may splice together different parts of the sequence of the gene. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...

RNA triphosphatase
<enzyme> Removes gamma-phosphate from triphosphate-ended polyribonucleotides ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

RNA tumour virus
Synonym for Oncovirinae ... The family of retroviruses (Retroviridae) that can cause tumours. They are enveloped by membrane derived from the plasma membrane of the host cell, from which they are released by budding without lysing the cell. Within each virion is a pair of single stranded RNA molecules. Replication involves a DNA intermediate made on …

RNA tumour viruses
Virus's of the subfamily Oncovirinae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNA virus
A group of virus's in which the core consists of RNA; a major group of animal virus's that includes the families Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Retroviridae, Coronaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae. ... Synonym: ribovirus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNA viruses
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA-binding proteins
Proteins which bind to RNA molecules. Certain structure motifs are common to several of the proteins, such as arginine (arg)-rich tracts, typically consisting of alternating arg-asp, arg-ser, or arg-gly residues. These proteins also tend to have a common ribonucleotide sequence domain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA-dependent ATPase
<enzyme> Requires single-stranded polynucleotide as cofactor ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... Synonym: atpase, RNA-dependent ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

RNA-directed DNA polymerase
<enzyme> An enzyme that synthesises DNA on an RNA template. It is encoded by the pol gene of retroviruses and by certain retrovirus-like elements. ... Chemical name: Deoxynucleotide-triphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase (RNA-directed) ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.49 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA-tyrosine phosphatase
<enzyme> Hela cell enzyme which removes 5'-terminal protein from poliovirus RNA by breaking the tyrosine-phosphate bond between the above two entities ... Registry number: EC 3.1.4.- ... Synonym: uridylyl-(5'p-o)-tyrosine phosphodiesterase, y-pupnpde, tyrosine-RNA phosphatase, uridylylpolynucleotide-(5'p-o)-tyrosine phosphodiesterase ... (26 Jun …

RNA, antisense
An RNA molecule which, by binding to a complementary sequence in either RNA or DNA, inhibits the function and/or completion of synthesis of the latter molecule. It is involved in various regulatory systems in vivo. Artificial antisense rnas have been used to inhibit translation of specific mRNA molecules both in living cells (eukaryotic and bacteri …

RNA, archaeal
Ribonucleic acid in archaea having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, bacterial
Ribonucleic acid in bacteria having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, catalytic
RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme-like catalytic activity. This intron sequence has been shown to fold up to form a complex surface that can function like an enzyme in reactions with other RNA molecules and thus synthesise new molecules even in the absence of protein. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, chloroplast
Ribonucleic acid in chloroplasts having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, complementary
Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system. This crna can be labelled with radioactive uracil and then used as a probe. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, double-stranded
RNA consisting of two strands as opposed to the more prevalent single-stranded RNA. most of the double-stranded segments are formed from transcription of DNA by intramolecular base-pairing of inverted complementary sequences separated by a single-stranded loop. Some double-stranded segments of RNA are normal in all organisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, fungal
Ribonucleic acid in fungi having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, guide
Small kinetoplastid mitochondrial RNA that plays a major role in RNA editing. These molecules form perfect hybrids with edited mRNA sequences and possess nucleotide sequences at their 5'-ends that are complementary to the sequences of the mRNA's immediately downstream of the pre-edited regions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, helminth
Ribonucleic acid in helminths having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, heterogeneous nuclear
Nuclear nonribosomal RNA larger than about 1000 nucleotides, the mass of which is rapidly synthesised and degraded within the cell nucleus. Some heterogeneous nuclear RNA may be a precursor to mRNA. However, the great bulk of total hnrna hybridises with nuclear DNA rather than with mRNA. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, nuclear
RNA molecules found in the nucleus either associated with chromosomes or in the nucleoplasm. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, plant
Ribonucleic acid in plants having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, protozoan
Ribonucleic acid in protozoa having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, ribosomal
A component of ribosomes, ribosomal RNA functions as a non-specific site for making polypeptides. Ribosomal RNA is abbreviated rrna. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, ribosomal, 16s
Constituent of 30s subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16s rrna is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, ribosomal, 18s
Constituent of the 40s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18s rrna is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, ribosomal, 23s
Constituent of 50s subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 3200 nucleotides. 23s rrna is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, ribosomal, 28s
Constituent of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 28s rrna is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, ribosomal, 5.8s
Constituent of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 5.8s rrna is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, ribosomal, 5s
Constituent of the 50s subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes containing about 120 nucleotides and 34 proteins. It is also a constituent of the 60s subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 5s rrna is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, satellite
Small, linear single-stranded RNA molecules functionally acting as molecular parasites of certain RNA plant viruses. Satellite rnas exhibit four characteristic traits: 1) they require helper viruses to replicate; 2) they are unnecessary for the replication of helper viruses; 3) they are encapsidated in the coat protein of the helper virus; 4) they …

RNA, small nuclear
Short chains of RNA found in the nucleus. Their function is to remove the introns (nontranslated intervening sequences) from mRNA precursors, thereby bringing the two exons (coding segments) together into correct juxtaposition for enzymatic splicing at the correct point. The resulting mRNA is now ready to leave the nucleus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer
In cooperation with the ribosomes, transfer RNA brings (transfers) activated amino acids into position along the messenger RNA template. The abbreviation for transfer RNA is tRNA. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, ala
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying alanine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, amino acid-specific
A group of transfer rnas which are specific for carrying each one of the 20 amino acids to the ribosome in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, amino acyl
Intermediates in protein biosynthesis. The compounds are formed from amino acids, ATP and transfer RNA, a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. They are key compounds in the genetic translation process. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, arg
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying arginine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, asn
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying asparagine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, asp
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying aspartic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, cys
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying cysteine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, gln
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glutamine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, glu
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glutamic acid to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, gly
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying glycine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, his
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying histidine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, ile
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying isoleucine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, leu
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying leucine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, lys
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying lysine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, met
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying methionine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein elongation. Initiation of protein synthesis uses tRNA(f)met in prokaryotic cells and tRNA(I)met in eukaryotic cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, phe
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying phenylalanine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, pro
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying proline to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, ser
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying serine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, thr
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying threonine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, trp
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying tryptophan to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, tyr
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying tyrosine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, transfer, val
A transfer RNA which is specific for carrying valine to sites on the ribosomes in preparation for protein synthesis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNA, viral
Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

RNase
<abbreviation> Ribonuclease.For terms bearing this abbreviation, see subentries under ribonuclease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNase alpha
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing endonucleolytic cleavage of O-methylated RNA yielding 5'-phosphomonoesters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNase D
<abbreviation> Ribonuclease D. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNase I
Ribonuclease (pancreatic). ... RNase II, an enzyme cleaving RNA exonucleolytically in the 3' to 5' direction, yielding 5'-phosphomononucleotides. ... See: microbial RNase II. ... RNase III, an enzyme catalyzing endonucleolytic cleavage of double-stranded RNA yielding 5'-phosphomonoesters. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNase N1
Synonym for RNase T1 ... A nuclease endonucleolytically cleaving ribonucleic acids at the 3'-5' link of a guanosine 3'-phosphate residue, producing oligonucleotides terminating in this nucleotide; a transferase (endonuclease) in the first (cyclizing) step, a phosphodiesterase on the second (hydrolyzing) step. ... Synonym: guanyloribonuclease, RNase N …

RNase N2
Synonym for RNase T2 ... <enzyme> An enzyme endonucleolytically cleaving RNA to 3'-nucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides as intermediates. ... Synonym: Escherichia coli RNase I, microbial RNase II, plant RNase, RNase N2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNase P
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage tRNA precursors to yield 5'-phosphomonoesters. ... Ribonuclease P (RNase P), an enzyme (endonuclease) that trims the extra 5' nucleotides from immature tRNA; a protein RNA complex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNase T1
A nuclease endonucleolytically cleaving ribonucleic acids at the 3'-5' link of a guanosine 3'-phosphate residue, producing oligonucleotides terminating in this nucleotide; a transferase (endonuclease) in the first (cyclizing) step, a phosphodiesterase on the second (hydrolyzing) step. ... Synonym: guanyloribonuclease, RNase N1. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNase T2
<enzyme> An enzyme endonucleolytically cleaving RNA to 3'-nucleotides with 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides as intermediates. ... Synonym: Escherichia coli RNase I, microbial RNase II, plant RNase, RNase N2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNase U2
<enzyme> An enzyme endonucleolytically cleaving RNA to 3'-phospho-mono-and oligonucleotides ending in adenylate or guanylate residues with 2',3'-cyclic phosphate intermediates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNase U4
Synonym for yeast RNase ... <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the exonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to yield 3'-phosphomononucleotides. ... Synonym: RNase U4. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RNP
Synonym for ribonucleoprotein ... <protein> Complexes of RNA and protein involved in a wide range of cellular processes. ... Besides ribosomes (with which ribonucleoprotein was originally almost synonymous), in eukaryotic cells both initial RNA transcripts in the nucleus (hnRNA) and cytoplasmic mRNAs exist as complexes with specific sets of pro …

RNS1 ribonuclease
<enzyme> Sharply reduced during phosphate starvation in arabidopsis; also induced during plant senescence; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... Synonym: rnase rns1 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

RNS3 ribonuclease
<enzyme> Remains constant during phosphate starvation in arabidopsis; induced slightly during senescence; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... Synonym: rnase rns3 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ro 20-1724
<chemical> Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases. ... Pharmacological action: phosphodiesterase inhibitors. ... Chemical name: 2-Imidazolidinone, 4-((3-butoxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ro 4-1284
<chemical> Proposed catecholamine depletor. ... Chemical name: 2H-Benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-9,10-dimethoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ROA
<abbreviation> Right occipitoanterior position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roach
<zoology> A cockroach. ... 1. <zoology> A European fresh water fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus rutilus). It is silver-white, with a greenish back. An American chub (Semotilus bullaris); the fallfish. ... The redfin, or shiner. ... 2. A convex curve or arch cut in the edge of a sail to prevent chafing, or to secure a better fit. As sound …

Roach clasp
Synonym for bar clasp ... A clasp whose arms are bar-type extensions from major connectors or from within the denture base; the arms pass adjacent to the soft tissues and approach the point of contact on the tooth in a gingivo-occlusal direction, a clasp consisting of two or more separate arms located opposite to each other on the tooth; the bar arm …

Roach, F Ewing
<person> U.S. Prosthodontist, 1868-1960. ... See: Roach clasp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

road
1. A journey, or stage of a journey. 'With easy roads he came to Leicester.' (Shak) ... 2. An inroad; an invasion; a raid. ... 3. A place where one may ride; an open way or public passage for vehicles, persons, and animals; a track for travel, forming a means of communication between one city, town, or place, and another. 'The most villainous house i …

Roaf's syndrome
<syndrome> A nonhereditary craniofacial-skeletal disorder characterised by congenital or early retinal detachment, cataracts, myopia, shortened long bones, and mental retardation; sensorineural progressive hearing loss is of later onset. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roam
To go from place to place without any certain purpose or direction; to rove; to wander. 'He roameth to the carpenter's house.' (Chaucer) 'Daphne roaming through a thorny wood.' (Shak) ... Synonym: To wander, rove, range, stroll, ramble. ... Origin: OE. Romen, ramen; cf. AS. Arman to raise, rise, D. Ramen to hit, plan, aim, OS. Rmn to strive after, OH …

roan
1. Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black colour, with gray or white thickly interspersed; said of a horse. 'Give my roan a drench.' (Shak) ... 2. Made of the leather called roan; as, roan binding. ... <zoology> Roan antelope, a very large South African antelope (Hippotragus equinus). It has long sharp horns and a stiff bright brown mane. Call …

roar
1. To cry with a full, loud, continued sound. Specifically: To bellow, or utter a deep, loud cry, as a lion or other beast. 'Roaring bulls he would him make to tame.' (Spenser) ... To cry loudly, as in pain, distress, or anger. 'Sole on the barren sands, the suffering chief Roared out for anguish, and indulged his grief.' (Dryden) 'He scorned to roa …

roast
1. To cook meat, fish, etc, by heat, as before the fire or in an oven. 'He could roast, and seethe, and broil, and fry.' (Chaucer) ... 2. To undergo the process of being roasted. ... 1. To cook by exposure to radiant heat before a fire; as, to roast meat on a spit, or in an oven open toward the fire and having reflecting surfaces within; also, to coo …

rob
1. To take (something) away from by force; to strip by stealing; to plunder; to pillage; to steal from. 'Who would rob a hermit of his weeds, His few books, or his beads, or maple dish?' (Milton) 'He that is robbed, not wanting what is stolen, Let him not know it, and he's not robbed at all.' (Shak) 'To be executed for robbing a church.' (Shak) ... …

robber
One who robs; in law, one who feloniously takes goods or money from the person of another by violence or by putting him in fear. 'Some roving robber calling to his fellows.' (Milton) ... Synonym: Thief, depredator, despoiler, plunderer, pillager, rifler, brigang, freebooter, pirate. See Thief. ... Robber crab. ... <zoology> A jager gull. ... Sour …

robe
1. An outer garment; a dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant style or make; hence, a dress of state, rank, office, or the like. 'Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; Robes and furred gowns hide all.' (Shak) ... 2. A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the bison, dressed with the fur on, and used as a wrap. Master of the robes, an off …

robenidine
<chemical> 1,3-bis[(p-chlorobenzylidene)amino]guanidine monohydrochloride. An anticoccidial agent mainly for poultry. ... Pharmacological action: coccidiostats. ... Chemical name: Carbonimidic dihydrazide, bis((4-chlorophenyl)methylene)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Robert, Heinrich
<person> German gynecologist, 1814-1878. ... See: Robert's pelvis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Robert's pelvis
An obsolete term for a pelvis which is narrowed transversely in consequence of the almost entire absence of the alae of the sacrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roberts syndrome
<syndrome> Phocomelia or lesser degrees of hypomelia, microbrachycephaly, midfacial defect, prenatal growth deficiency, and cryptorchidism; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roberts, J
<person> 20th century U.S. Physician. ... See: Roberts syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Robertshaw tube
A variation of Carlen's tube that eliminates some mechanical disadvantages of the latter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Robertshaw, Frank
<person> 20th century English anaesthesiologist. ... See: Robertshaw tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...