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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

ribonucleosides
Nucleosides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ribonucleotide
<biochemistry> A nucleotide in whicha purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose molecule. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ribonucleotide polymerase
<enzyme> DNA-dependent ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... Synonym: oligonucleotide polymerase, decaribonucleotide polymerase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ribonucleotide reductase
A protein complex that converts ribonucleotide diphosphates (NDPs) such as ADP and CDP to 2'-deoxyribonucleotide diphosphates (dNDPs) such as dADP and dCDP. This complex requires thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and NADPH. It is crucial for DNA synthesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribonucleotide reductases
<enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.17.4 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ribonucleotides
Nucleotides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ribophage
A bacteriophage that hasan RNA-based genetic structure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ribophorin
<protein> Glycoproteins of the endoplasmic reticulum that interact with ribosomes whilst co translational insertion of membrane or secreted proteins is taking place. Ribophorins may form a pore through which the nascent polypetide chain passes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ribophorins
Ribosome receptor proteins that interact specifically with the large ribosomal subunit and aid in translocation of newly synthesised proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum. ... Origin: ribonucleic acid + G. Phoros, carrying, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

riboprine
<drug> An anti-cancer drug. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

riboprobe
Somewhat casual term for an RNA segment used to probe for a complementary nucleotide sequence either in the mRNA pool or in the DNA of a cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ribopyranose
The 1,5-cyclic form of ribose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribose
A monosaccharide pentose of widespread occurrence in biological molecules, for example RNA. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ribose binding protein
<protein> Periplasmic binding proteins of bacteria that interact either with the ribose transport system or with the methyl accepting chemotaxis protein MCP III (trg). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ribose polymerase
<enzyme> Enzyme that catalyses the attachment of ADP ribose units to various nuclear proteins. This post translational modification of proteins is dependent on DNA and appears to be involved in the regulation of various cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation and transformation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ribose-1,5-diphosphate synthase
<enzyme> Uses ribose 1-(or 5)p as phosphoryl acceptor and acyl-p of 3-phosphoglyceroylphosphate as phosphoryl donor; similar reaction to glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: ribose-1,5-p2 synthase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ribose-5-phosphate
Ribose phosphorylated on carbon-5; an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribose-5-phosphate isomerase
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing interconversion of d-ribose 5-phosphate and d-ribulose 5-phosphate; of importance in ribose metabolism and in the pentose phosphate pathway. ... Synonym: phosphopentose isomerase, phosphoriboisomerase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate from ATP and ribose-5-phosphate. ... Chemical name: ATP:ribose-5-phosphate pyrophosphotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.6.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ribosemonophosphates
Ribose substituted in the 1-, 3-, or 5-position by a phosphoric acid moiety. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

riboside
<biochemistry> A glycoside that has ribose as its sugar component. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ribosomal neutral proteinase
<enzyme> Ribosomal serine proteinase from rat liver ribosomes in cryptic form ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.52 ... Synonym: cathepsin r ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ribosomal protein
<protein> Proteins present within the ribosomal subunits. In prokaryotes there are 31 proteins in the large subunit and 21 in the small subunit. Eukaryotic subunits have 50 (large subunit) and 33 (small subunit) proteins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ribosomal protein s6 kinase
<enzyme> A protein serine/threonine kinase which is involved in cell transformation by polyoma virus and is connected to the expression of igf2. The immunosuppressant rapamycin inhibits the activation of the kinase, leading to reduced translation of certain mRNAs and a decrease in protein synthesis. ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... (12 Dec …

ribosomal protein S6 kinase kinase
<enzyme> Isolated from unfertilised xenopus eggs; a 41 kD enzyme that is associated, in vivo, with phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine residues and, in vitro, with phosphorylation on serine as well ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: rsk kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ribosomal proteins
Proteins found in ribosomes. They are believed to have a catalytic function in reconstituting biologically active ribosomal subunits. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ribosomal RNA
Synonym for RNA ... <molecular biology> A nucleic acid found in all living cells. Plays a role in transferring information from DNA to the protein-forming system of the cell. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

ribosome
<cell biology> A small particulate organelle found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and also within mitochondria and chloroplasts, but differing in size and composition. Made of two subunits, each being an RNA protein complex. Ribosomes are responsible for the translation of mRNA which may occur in the cytoplasm (see polyribosomes) or on rough e …

ribosome binding site
The region of a messenger RNA molecule that binds the ribosome to initiate translation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ribosome-lamella complex
A cylindrical cytoplasmic inclusion composed of concentrically arranged sheets of membranes alternating with rows of ribosomes; characteristic of the hairy cell in leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribosomes
Small cellular components composed of specialised ribosomal RNA and ribonucleic acid (RNA). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ribostamycin
<chemical> O-2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,4)-o- (beta-d-ribofuranosyl-(1,5))-2-deoxy-d-streptamine. A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from streptomyces ribosifidicus. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, aminoglycoside. ... Chemical name: D-Streptamine, O-2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-(bet …

ribosuria
The enhanced urinary excretion of d-ribose; commonly one manifestation of muscular dystrophy. ... Origin: ribose + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribosyl
The radical formed by loss of the hemiacetal OH group from either of the two cyclic forms of ribose (yielding ribofuranosyl and ribopyranosyl compounds), by combination with an H of an -NH-or a -CH-group; the natural nucleosides are ribosyl compounds, not ribosides, as the bond between ribose and aglycon is C-N or C-C, not -C-O-X-. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

ribosylation
The covalent attachment of one or more ribosyl groups to a molecule (usually a macromolecule). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribosylpurine
Synonym for nebularine ... A toxic nucleoside isolated from the mushroom Agaricus nebularis and from Streptomyces sp. ... Synonym: 9-beta-ribofuranosylpurine, purine ribonucleoside, ribosylpurine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribosylthymidine
Synonym for ribothymidine ... 5-methyluridine;the ribosyl analog of thymidine (deoxyribosylthymine); a nucleoside found in small amounts in ribonucleic acids. ... Synonym: ribofuranosylthymine, ribosylthymidine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribothymidine
5-methyluridine;the ribosyl analog of thymidine (deoxyribosylthymine); a nucleoside found in small amounts in ribonucleic acids. ... Synonym: ribofuranosylthymine, ribosylthymidine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribothymidylic acid
Ribothymidine 5'-phosphate;the ribose analog of thymidylic acid; a rare component of transfer RNAs. ... Acronym: TMP ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribotide
A corruption of riboside, by analogy with nucleoside-nucleotide, to mean ribonucleotide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribotype
The RNA complement of a cell by analogy with phenotype or genotype. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ribovirus
<virology> A virus that has RNA as itsgenetic material. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ribozyme
<molecular biology> Often referred to as RNA with catalytic capacity, an enzyme made of nucleic acid not protein that catalyse chemical reactions, often the breakdown of other RNAs. ... Of particular interest because of the implications for self replicating systems in the earliest stages of the evolution of (terrestrial) life. ... Their discove …

ribulokinase
<enzyme> Rn for (d)-isomer: EC 2.7.1.47 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.16 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

ribulose
D-erythro-Pentulose; d-adonose; d-erythro-2-ketopentose;the 2-keto isomer of ribose. As the 5-phosphate, it participates in the pentose monophosphate shunt; as the 1,5-bisphosphate, it combines with CO2 at the start of the photosynthetic process in green plants ('carbon dioxide trap'); d-ribulose is the epimer of d-xylulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate
An intermediate in the Calvin Benson cycle of photosynthesis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase
<enzyme> A copper protein that catalyses the formation of 2 moles of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate in the presence of carbon dioxide and is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in photosynthesis. ... Carbon dioxide is combined with ribulose diphosphate to give two molecules of 3 phosphoglycerate, as part of the Calvin Ben …

ribulose diphosphate carboxylase
Synonym for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase ... <enzyme> A copper protein that catalyses the formation of 2 moles of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate in the presence of carbon dioxide and is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in photosynthesis. ... Carbon dioxide is combined with ribulose diphosphate to give two molecules …

ribulosephosphate
<biochemistry> Ribulose substituted by one or more phosphoric acid moieties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ribulosephosphate 3-epimerase
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the reversible interconversion of d-xylulose 5-phosphate and its epimer, d-ribulose 5-phosphate; a step in the nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. ... Registry number: EC 5.1.3.1 ... Synonym: d-erythrose 4-phosphate isomerase, pentose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase, phosphoribulose epimerase. ... (05 Mar 2 …

Ricco
Annibale, Italian astrophysicist. ... Lived: 1844-1919. ... See: Ricco's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ricco's law
<physics> For small images, light intensity X area = constant for the threshold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rice
<botany> A well-known cereal grass (Oryza sativa) and its seed. This plant is extensively cultivated in warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of the inhabitants. In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which can be overflowed. Ant rice. ... <botany> A small beetle (Calandra, or Sitophilus, oryzae) which d …

rice body
One of the small, loose body's found in hygromas, tendon sheaths, and joints. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rice diet
A diet of rice, fruit, and sugar, plus vitamin and iron supplements, devised by Kempner to treat hypertension. In 2,000 calories, the diet contains 5 gm or less of fat, about 20 gm of protein, and not more than 150 mg of sodium. ... Synonym: Kempner diet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rice disease
Beriberi, the original outbreaks of which were caused by feeding people rice from which the husks had been removed (polished rice), decreasing the vitamin B1 content of the rice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rice itch
Synonym for schistosomiasis japonica ... Schistosomiasis caused by schistosoma japonicum. It is endemic in the far east and affects the bowel, liver, and spleen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rice-field fever
A febrile illness affecting workers in rice fields, reported in Po valley in Italy and in Sumatra, caused by infection with a species of Leptospira. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rice-Tween agar
A useful medium for the development of the differential chlamydospores in Candida albicans and for preparation of slide cultures for other forms of sporulation in other fungal species. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rice-water stool
A watery fluid containing whitish flocculi, discharged from the bowel in cholera and occasionally in other cases of serous diarrhoea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rich
1. Having an abundance of material possessions; possessed of a large amount of property; well supplied with land, goods, or money; wealthy; opulent; affluent; opposed to poor. 'Rich merchants.' 'The rich [person] hath many friends.' (Prov. Xiv. 20) 'As a thief, bent to unhoard the cash Of some rich burgher.' (Milton) ... 2. Hence, in general, well s …

Richard
Felix Adolphe, Paris surgeon, 1822-1872. ... See: Richard's fringes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Richard's fringes
Synonym for fimbriae of uterine tube ... The irregularly branched or fringed processes surrounding the ampulla at the abdominal opening of the uterine tube; most of the lining epithelial cells have cilia that beat toward the uterus. ... Synonym: fimbriae tubae uterinae, laciniae tubae, Richard's fringes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Richards
Barry Wyndham, 20th century English physician. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Richards-Rundle syndrome
<syndrome> A nervous system disorder beginning in early childhood with congenital severe, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, ataxia, muscle wasting nystagmus, absent deep tendon reflexes, mental retardation, and failure to develop secondary sexual characteristics; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Richardson
John Clifford, Canadian neurologist, *1909. ... See: Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease, Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Richter-Monro line
Synonym for Monro-Richter line ... A line passing from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine. McBurney's point occurs on this line. ... Synonym: Monro's line, Richter-Monro line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Richter, August
<person> German surgeon, 1742-1812. ... See: Richter's hernia, Richter-Monro line, Monro-Richter line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Richter, Maurice
<person> U.S. Pathologist, *1897. ... See: Richter's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Richter's hernia
Synonym for parietal hernia ... A hernia in which only a portion of the wall of the intestine is engaged. ... Synonym: Littre's hernia, partial enterocele, Richter's hernia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Richter's syndrome
<syndrome> A high-grade lymphoma developing during the course of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; associated with cachexia, pyrexia, dysproteinaemia, and lymphomas with multinucleated tumour cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ricin
<protein> Highly toxic lectin (66 kD) from seeds of the castor bean, Ricinus communis. Has toxic A subunit (32 kD), carbohydrate binding B subunit (34 kD). Toxic subunit inactivates ribosomes and the binding subunit is specific for _ galactosyl residues. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ricinism
Poisoning by ingestion of toxic principles from seeds (castor beans) or leaves of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ricinoleic acid
C18H34O3; [R -Z]-12-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid;an unsaturated hydroxy acid present in castor oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ricinus communis agglutinin
<protein> Lectin (120 kD) from castor bean, with specificity similar to ricin, but much less toxic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

rickets
<rheumatology, orthopaedics> A condition caused by deficiency of vitamin D, especially in infancy and childhood, with disturbance of normal ossification. ... The disease is marked by bending and distortion of the bones under muscular action, by the formation of nodular enlargements on the ends and sides of the bones, by delayed closure of the …

Ricketts, Howard
<person> U.S. Pathologist, 1871-1910. ... See: Rickettsia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rickettsia
A member of a group of microorganisms that (like viruses) require other living cells for growth but (like bacteria) use oxygen, have metabolic enzymes and cell walls, and are susceptible to antibiotics. Rickettsiae cause a series of diseases (see rickettsial diseases). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Rickettsia akari
A species causing human rickettsialpox; transmitted by the house mouse mite, Liponyssoides sanguineus; a mild febrile disease of 7 to 10 days is produced with an urban distribution in the northeastern U.S. And in wild or commensal rodents in the countries of the former USSR and Africa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rickettsia australis
A species causing a spotted fever, North Queensland tick typhus, clinically and serologically similar to the disease caused by the agent of rickettsialpox; Ixodes holocyclus and I. Tasmani are probable vectors. Small marsupials are suspected reservoirs of this agent, which is found over much of coastal Queensland, especially in secondary scrub and …

Rickettsia burnetii
Former name for Coxiella burnetii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rickettsia canis
Former name for Ehrlichia canis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rickettsia conorii
A widespread African species probably causing boutonneuse fever in humans, transmitted by various ticks, such as the dog tick Rhipicephalis sanguineus, as well as ticks serve as the reservoir of human infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rickettsia infections
Infections by the genus rickettsia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Rickettsia mooseri
A species similar to Rickettsia prowazekii but with less variation in appearance; the resultant endemic typhus is milder and has a somewhat slower onset. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rickettsia prowazekii
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the aetiologic agent of epidemic typhus fever acquired through contact with lice (typhus, epidemic louse-borne) as well as brill's disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Rickettsia psittaci
Former name for Chlamydia psittaci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rickettsia rickettsii
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the aetiologic agent of rocky mountain spotted fever. Its cells are slightly smaller and more uniform in size than those of rickettsia prowazekii. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Rickettsia ruminantium
Former name for Cowdria ruminantium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rickettsia sennetsu
Synonym for Ehrlichia sennetsu ... The species causing Sennetsu fever in humans. ... Synonym: Rickettsia sennetsu. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rickettsia sibirica
The agent of Siberian or North Asian tick typhus, transmitted by various ixodid ticks, which also serve as reservoirs, possibly aided by rodents and hares; the disease resembles Rocky Mountain spotted fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rickettsia tsutsugamushi
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the aetiologic agent of scrub typhus. Strains of this species vary considerably in antigenic composition and in some cases in virulence and other biological properties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rickettsia typhi
The aetiologic agent of murine typhus (see typhus, endemic flea-borne). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rickettsia vaccine
Attenuated ... See: typhus vaccine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rickettsiaceae
A family of small, gram-negative organisms often parasitic in man and other animals, causing diseases that may be transmitted by invertebrate vectors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rickettsiaceae infections
Infections with bacteria of the family rickettsiaceae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rickettsial
Pertaining to or caused by rickettsiae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rickettsial diseases
The infectious diseases caused by the rickettsiae fall into 4 groups:(1) typhus: epidemic typhus, brill-zinsser disease, murine (endemic) typhus, and scrub typhus; (2) spotted fever rocky mountain spotted fever, eastern tick-borne rickettsioses, and rickettsialpox; (3) q fever; and (4) trench fever. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rickettsial vaccines
Vaccines for the prevention of diseases caused by various species of rickettsia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rickettsiales
An order of gram-negative bacteria including many that may cause disease in man or in other vertebrate or invertebrate hosts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...