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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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rhodopsin kinase<enzyme> Resembles retinal s-antigen in capacity to induce uveitis in experimental animals; isolated from rod photoreceptors; human enzyme 92% identical to bovine enzyme ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.125 ... Synonym: opsin kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
rhodoquinone oxidoreductase<enzyme> Couples rotenone-sensitive NADH oxidation with etf and the subsequent reduction of 2-methyl branched-chain enoyl-coas ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: electron-transfer flavoprotein-rhodoquinone oxidoreductase, etf-ro ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
rhodospirillaceaePhototrophic bacteria isolated from stagnant water and mud. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rhodospirillalesAn order of photosynthetic bacteria representing a physiological community of predominantly aquatic bacteria. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Rhodospirillium rubrum<bacteria> A purple nonsulphur bacterium with a spiral shape, contains the pigment bacteriochlorophyll and under anaerobic conditions photosynthesises using organic compounds as electron donors for the reduction of carbon dioxide. ... The purple colour results from the presence of carotenoids, though the bacteria are often more red or brown.
rhodospirillum
A genus of gram-negative, spiral bacteria that possesses internal photosynthetic membranes. Its organisms divide by binary fission, are motile by means of polar flagella, and are found in aquatic environments. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rhodospirillum rubrum
Vibrio- to spiral-shaped phototrophic bacteria found in stagnant water and mud exposed to light. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rhodotorula
Red yeast-like deuteromycetous fungal genus generally regarded as nonpathogenic, cultured from numerous sources in human patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rhomb
1. <geometry> An equilateral parallelogram, rhombohedron, or quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal and the opposite sides parallel. The angles may be unequal, two being obtuse and two acute, as in the cut, or the angles may be equal, in which case it is usually called a square. ... 2. <optics> Fresnel's rhomb, a rhomb or oblique par …
rhombencephalic gustatory nucleus
The rostral one-third of the nucleus of solitary tract, receiving afferents from the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves conveying impulses originating from the receptor cells of the taste buds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhombencephalic isthmus
A constriction in the embryonic neural tube delineating the mesencephalon from the rhombencephalon, the anterior portion of the rhombencephalon connecting with the mesencephalon. ... Synonym: isthmus rhombencephali, isthmus of His. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhombencephalic tegmentum
The portion of the pons continuous with the mesencephalic tegmentum; it consists of reticular formation, tracts, and cranial nerve nuclei, and forms the dorsal part of the pons (pars dorsalis pontis). ... Synonym: tegmentum rhombencephali, tegmentum of rhombencephalon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhombencephalon
That part of the brainstem constituting the medulla oblongata (myelencephalon) and pons (metencephalon). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rhombic
1. <geometry> Shaped like a rhomb. ... 2. <chemistry> Same as Orthorhombic. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
rhombic grooves
Seven pairs of transverse furrows in the floor of the embryonic hindbrain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhombic lip
The thickened alar plate of the embryonic rhombencephalon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhombo-
Rhombic, rhomboid. ... Origin: G. Rhombos ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhomboatloideus
See: musculus rhomboatloideus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhombocele
Synonym: rhomboidal sinus. ... Origin: rhombo-+ G. Koilia, a hollow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhombohedral
1. <geometry> Related to the rhombohedron; presenting the form of a rhombohedron, or a form derivable from a rhombohedron; relating to a system of forms including the rhombohedron and scalenohedron. ... 2. <chemical> Rhombohedral iron ore, a division of the hexagonal system embracing the rhombohedron, scalenohedron, etc. ... (23 Aug 1998) …
rhomboid
<geometry> Quadangular, with the lateral angles obtuse. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
rhomboid fossa
The floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain, formed by the ventricular surface of the rhombencephalon. ... Synonym: fossa rhomboidea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhomboid impression
Synonym for impression for costoclavicular ligament ... <anatomy> An irregular pitted area on the inferior surface of the clavicle at its sternal end, giving attachment to the costoclavicular ligament. ... Synonym: impressio ligamenti costoclavicularis, costal tuberosity, rhomboid impression, tuberositas costalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhomboid ligament
Synonym for costoclavicular ligament ... <anatomy> The ligament that connects the first rib and the clavicle near its sternal end; limits elavation of shoulder (at sternoclavicular joint). ... Synonym: ligamentum costoclaviculare, rhomboid ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhomboid minor
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, spinous processes of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae; insertion, medial margin of scapula above spine; action, draws scapula toward vertebral column and slightly upward; nerve supply, dorsal nerve of scapula. ... Synonym: musculus rhomboideus minor, lesser rhomboid muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhomboideus
See: rhomboid minor muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhomboideus major
<anatomy, muscle> Origin, spinous processes and corresponding supraspinous ligaments of first four thoracic vertebrae; insertion, medial border of scapula below spine; action, draws scapula toward vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal of scapula nerve. ... Synonym: musculus rhomboideus major, greater rhomboid muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhombomere
<cell biology, embryology> Neuromeres or segments in the hindbrain region that are of developmental significance. ... Shown to be lineage restriction units in that cells of adjacent rhombomeres do not mix with each other. Regulatory genes have been shown to be expressed in patterns in the developing hindbrain that relate to the neuromeric or s …
rhonchal
Synonym for rhonchial ... <medicine> Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced by rhonchi. Rhonchial fremitus, a dull roaring or murmuring. ... <clinical sign> A vibration of the chest wall that may be felt by the hand laid upon its surface. It is caused in the production of rhonchi in the bronchial tubes. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
rhonchal fremitus
Fremitus produced by vibrations from the passage of air in the bronchial tubes partially obstructed by mucous secretion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhonchial
<medicine> Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced by rhonchi. Rhonchial fremitus, a dull roaring or murmuring. ... <clinical sign> A vibration of the chest wall that may be felt by the hand laid upon its surface. It is caused in the production of rhonchi in the bronchial tubes. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
rhonchus
<clinical sign> A rattling in the throat, also a dry, coarse rale in the bronchial tubes, due to a partial obstruction. ... Origin: L., Gr. Rhonchos = a snoring sound ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
rhopheocytosis
Formation of vacuoles at a cell surface without prior formation of cytoplasmic projections, by which the cell appears to aspirate surrounding material. ... See: pinocytosis. ... Origin: G. Rhopheo, to gulp down, or aspirate, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhoptry
Electron-dense club-shaped, tubular or saccular organelles extending back from the anterior end of sporozoites and other stages of certain sporozoans in the subphylum Apicomplexa. ... Synonym: paired organelles, toxoneme. ... Origin: G. Rhopalon, club ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhotacism
Mispronunciation of the 'r' sound. ... Origin: G. Rho, the letter r ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhubarb
1. <botany> The name of several large perennial herbs of the genus Rheum and order Polygonaceae. ... 2. The large and fleshy leafstalks of Rheum Rhaponticum and other species of the same genus. They are pleasantly acid, and are used in cookery. Called also pieplant. ... 3. <medicine> The root of several species of Rheum, used much as a ca …
rhumb
<astronomy> A line which crosses successive meridians at a constant angle; called also rhumb line, and loxodromic curve. See Loxodromic. To sail on a rhumb, to sail continuously on one course, following a rhumb line. ... Origin: F. Rumb, Sp. Rumbo, or Pg. Rumbo, rumo, probably fr. Gr. A magic wheel, a whirling motion, hence applied to a point …
rhus dermatitis
Contact dermatitis caused by cutaneous exposure to urushiol from species of Toxicodendron (Rhus), such as poison ivy, oak, or sumac. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rhus toxicodendron antigen
An extract of fresh leaves of poison ivy, with 0.4% of procaine hydrochloride; used by intradermal injection to determine sensitiveness to the poison of Rhus toxicodendron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rhus venenata antigen
An extract of fresh leaves of poison sumac; used to determine sensitiveness to the plant or to relieve the dermatitis caused by contact with its leaves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhusma
<alchemy> A mixtire of caustic lime and orpiment, or tersulphide of arsenic, used in the depilation of hides. ... See: Rusma. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
rhynchocephala
<zoology> An order of reptiles having biconcave vertebrae, immovable quadrate bones, and many other peculiar osteological characters. Hatteria is the only living genus, but numerous fossil genera are known, some of which are among the earliest of reptiles. See Hatteria. ... Synonym: Rhynchocephalia. ... Origin: NL, fr. Gr. Snout + head. ... Sour …
rhyolite
<geology> A quartzose trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a fluidal structure. ... Origin: Gr. To flow. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
rhyparia
Synonym: sordes. ... Origin: G. Filth, fr. Rhypos, filth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhypophagy
Synonym: coprophagia. ... Origin: G. Rhypos, filth, + phago, to eat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhypophobia
<psychology> An abnormal aversion to or morbid fear of dirt or filth. ... Origin: G. Rhypos, filth, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhythm
<cardiology> The regularity of the heartbeat. Can be assessed by taking the pulse. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
rhythm method
<gynaecology> A contraceptive method whereby abstinence is practiced a few days before and after the estimated day of ovulation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rhythmic chorea
Patterned movement in conversion hysteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhytidectomy
<procedure, surgery> A surgical procedure designed to reduce the visible signs of aging in the face and give a younger appearance. ... Additional procedures to supplement the facelift including necklift, blepharoplasty (eyelid surgery), liposuction, autologous fat injection, removal of buccal (cheek) fat pad, forehead lift, browlift, chemical …
rhytidoplasty
<procedure, surgery> A surgical procedure designed to reduce the visible signs of aging in the face. Commonly referred to as a facelift. Recovery is typically 2-3 weeks duration. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
rhytidosis
1. Wrinkling of the face to a degree disproportionate to age. ... 2. Laxity and wrinkling of the cornea, an indication of approaching death. ... Synonym: rutidosis. ... Origin: G. A wrinkling, fr. Rhytis, a wrinkle, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhytidosis retinae
Retinal wrinkling. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rhytina
Synonym for rytina ... <zoology> A genus of large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and manatee, including but one species (R. Stelleri). ... Synonym: Steller's sea cow. ... Alternative forms: Rhytina. ... It is now extinct, but was formerly abundant at Behring's Island, near Behring's Straits. It was twenty-five feet or more in length, …
RIA
Synonym for radioimmunoassay ... <investigation, technique> Any system for testing antigen antibody reactions in which use is made of radioactive labelling of antigen or antibody to detect the extent of the reaction. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
rib
1. <anatomy> One of the curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the lateral walls of the thorax. ... In man there are twelve ribs on each side, of which the upper seven are directly connected with the sternum by cartilages, and are called sternal, or true, ribs. The remaining five pairs are called asternal, or false, ribs, …
rib notching
A smooth defect in the lower border of one or more upper ribs caused by enlarged intercostal collateral vessels, most often a sign of coarctation of the aorta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ribas-Torres disease
A mild form of smallpox. ... See: variola minor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ribavirin
<drug, protein> A nucleoside analogue approved as a treatment for respiratory syncytial virus. ... Ribavirin also has shown activity against hepatitis C, but its use in HIV infection is highly controversial. It is possible that it enhances the activity of ddl. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
Ribbert, Moritz
<person> German pathologist, 1855-1920. ... See: Ribbert's theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ribbert's theory
<oncology> That a neoplasm may result when a reduction in tension (exerted by adjacent tissues) leads to conditions favourable to uncontrolled growth of cell rests. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ribbing
<anatomy> An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as the timberwork for the support of an arch or coved ceiling, the veins in the leaves of some plants, ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
ribbon
1. A fillet or narrow woven fabric, commonly of silk, used for trimming some part of a woman's attire, for badges, and other decorative purposes. ... 2. A narrow strip or shred; as, a steel or magnesium ribbon; sails torn to ribbons. ... 3. Same as Rib-band. ... 4. Driving reins. ... 5. A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth as wide. ... 6. …
ribbon arch
A thin, ribbon-shaped, rectangular orthodontic arch wire applied to the dental arch's so that its widest dimension is parallel to the labial or buccal surfaces of the teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ribbon arch appliance
An appliance consisting of a rectangular wire inserted into a specially designed bracket attached to the labial and buccal surfaces of the teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ribbon synapse
<biology, physiology> Ultrastructurally distinct type of synapse found in a variety of sensory receptor cells such as retinal photoreceptor cells, cochlear hair cells and vestibular organ receptors, as well as in a nonsensory neuron, the retinal bipolar cell. ... Unlike most neurons, these cells do not use regenerative action potentials but re …
Ribes, Francois
<person> French physician, 1765-1845. ... See: Ribes' ganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ribes' ganglion
A small sympathetic ganglion situated on the anterior communicating artery of the brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ribitol
<chemical> A sugar alcohol formed by the reduction of ribose. ... Chemical name: Ribitol ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ribityl
The radical of ribitol; a constituent of riboflavin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ribo-
1. Ribose. ... 2. As an italicised prefix to the systematic name of a monosaccharide, ribo-indicates that the configuration of a set of three consecutive, but not necessarily contiguous, CHOH (or asymmetric) groups is that of ribose; e.g., d-ribose, a trivial name, is d-ribo-pentose in systematic nomenclature. ... Origin: German Ribose ... (05 Mar 200 …
ribo-2-hexulose
Synonym for psicose ... Ribo-2-hexulose;a ketohexose; d-psicose is epimeric with d-fructose. ... Synonym: pseudofructose, ribo-2-hexulose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
riboflavin
<biochemistry> Ribose attached to a flavin moiety that becomes part of FAD and FMN. ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
riboflavin 5'-phosphate
Synonym for flavin mononucleotide ... <biochemistry> This biomolecule serves as a coenzyme for some enzymes that catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
riboflavin deficiency
A dietary deficiency of riboflavin causing a syndrome chiefly marked by cheilitis, angular stomatitis, glossitis associated with a purplish red or magenta-coloured tongue that may show fissures, corneal vascularization, dyssebacia, and anaemia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
riboflavin kinase
A cytosolic enzyme catalyzing the formation of flavin mononucleotide (r. Phosphate) from riboflavin, utilizing ATP as phosphorylating agent. ... Synonym: flavokinase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
riboflavin permease
<chemical> ... Chemical name: permease, riboflavin ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
riboflavin synthase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of riboflavin from two molecules of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine, utilizing a four-carbon fragment from one molecule which is transferred to the second molecule. ... Chemical name: 6,7-Dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine:6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine 2,3-butanediyltransferase ... Registry nu …
riboflavin unit
Potency usually expressed in terms of weight of pure riboflavin. ... See: Sherman-Bourquin unit of vitamin B2. ... Synonym: vitamin B2 unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
riboflavinoid
<biochemistry> Member of the water soluble B vitamin group, important in energy production and the production of red blood cells ... (23 Aug 1998) ...
ribofuranose
The 1,4 cyclic furan form of ribose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ribofuranosylthymine
Synonym for ribothymidine ... 5-methyluridine;the ribosyl analog of thymidine (deoxyribosylthymine); a nucleoside found in small amounts in ribonucleic acids. ... Synonym: ribofuranosylthymine, ribosylthymidine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ribokinase
<enzyme> Substrate ribose may be replaced by deoxyribose ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.15 ... Synonym: deoxyribokinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
ribonuclease
<biochemistry, enzyme, molecular biology> Widely distributed type of enzyme that cleaves RNA. May act as endonucleases or exonucleases depending upon the type of enzyme. Generally recognise target by tertiary structure rather than sequence. ... Ribonuclease E is involved in the formation of 5S ribosomal RNA from pre rRNA. ... Ribonuclease F is …
ribonuclease (Bacillus subtilis)
1. Ribonuclease (Azotobacter agilis); ribonuclease (Proteus mirabilis); an enzyme catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA to yield 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides. ... 2. Ribonuclease T1. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ribonuclease (pancreatic)
<enzyme> An enzyme that transfers the 3'-phosphate of a pyrimidine ribonucleotide residue in a polynucleotide from the 5'-position of the adjoining nucleotide to the 2'-position of the pyrimidine nucleotide itself (a transferase, endonuclease action), thus breaking the chain and forming a pyrimidine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate, then (or independen …
ribonuclease D
<enzyme> An enzyme (endonuclease) that trims the extra 3' nucleotides from immature tRNA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ribonuclease h, calf thymus
<enzyme> A ribonuclease that specifically cleaves the RNA moiety of RNA:DNA hybrids. It has been isolated from a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms (particularly calf thymus) as well as retroviruses. ... Registry number: EC 3.1.26.4 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ribonuclease t1
<enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing the endonucleolytic cleavage of RNA at the 3'-position of a guanylate residue. ... Chemical name: Ribonucleate 3'-guanylo-oligonucleotidohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.27.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ribonucleases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ribonucleic acid
Synonym for RNA ... <molecular biology> A nucleic acid found in all living cells. Plays a role in transferring information from DNA to the protein-forming system of the cell. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
ribonucleinase
Synonym for ribonuclease ... <biochemistry, enzyme, molecular biology> Widely distributed type of enzyme that cleaves RNA. May act as endonucleases or exonucleases depending upon the type of enzyme. Generally recognise target by tertiary structure rather than sequence. ... Ribonuclease E is involved in the formation of 5S ribosomal RNA from pre …
ribonucleoprotein
<protein> Complexes of RNA and protein involved in a wide range of cellular processes. ... Besides ribosomes (with which ribonucleoprotein was originally almost synonymous), in eukaryotic cells both initial RNA transcripts in the nucleus (hnRNA) and cytoplasmic mRNAs exist as complexes with specific sets of proteins. ... Processing (splicing) o …
ribonucleoproteins
Proteins conjugated with ribonucleic acids (RNA) or specific RNA. Many viruses are ribonucleoproteins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ribonucleoproteins, small nuclear
Highly conserved nuclear RNA-protein complexes that function in RNA processing in the nucleus, including pre-mRNA splicing and pre-mRNA 3'-end processing in the nucleoplasm. The u3 snrnp is localised in the nucleolus, where it aligns into base pairs with the 28s rrna precursor in a still unidentified region and functions in pre-rrna processing. The …
ribonucleoproteins, small, u1
A nuclear RNA-protein complex that plays a role in RNA processing. In the nucleoplasm, the u1 snrnp along with other small ribonucleoproteins (u2, u4-u6, and u5) assemble into spliceosomes that remove introns from pre-mRNA by splicing. The u1 snrnp base pairs with conserved sequence motifs at the 5'-splice site and recognises both the 5'- and 3'-sp …
ribonucleoproteins, small, u2
A nuclear RNA-protein complex that plays a role in RNA processing. In the nucleoplasm, the u2 snrnp along with other small ribonucleoproteins (u1, u4-u6, and u5) assemble into spliceosomes that remove introns from pre-mRNA by splicing. The u2 snrnp base pairs with conserved sequence motifs at the branch point, which associates with a heat- and rnaa …
ribonucleoproteins, small, u4-u6
A nuclear RNA-protein complex that plays a role in RNA processing. In the nucleoplasm, the u4-u6 snrnp along with the u5 snrnp preassemble into a single 25s particle that binds to the u1 and u2 snrnps and the substrate to form mature spliceosomes. There is also evidence for the existence of individual u4 or u6 snrnps in addition to their organizati …
ribonucleoproteins, small, u5
A nuclear RNA-protein complex that plays a role in RNA processing. In the nucleoplasm, the u5 snrnp along with u4-u6 snrnp preassemble into a single 25s particle that binds to the u1 and u2 snrnps and the substrate to form mature spliceosomes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ribonucleoside
<biochemistry> A nucleoside in which purine or pyrimidine base is linked to a ribose molecule. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
