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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

round
On every side of, so as to encompass or encircle; around; about; as, the people atood round him; to go round the city; to wind a cable round a windlass. 'The serpent Error twines round human hearts.' (Cowper) Round about, an emphatic form for round or about. 'Moses . . . Set them [The elders] round about the tabernacle.' To come round, to gain the …

round atelectasis
Synonym for folded-lung syndrome ... <syndrome> Collapse of part of the lung caught between shrinking fibrous pleura scars, sometimes resulting from pleural asbestosis. ... Synonym: round atelectasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

round bur
A dental bur with the cutting blades spherically arranged. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

round cell sarcoma
<tumour> Old term for an undifferentiated malignant neoplasm, believed to be of mesenchymal origin, composed chiefly of closely packed round cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

round eminence
Synonym for medial eminence ... Longitudinal elevation of the rhomboid fossa, extending along either side of the midline throughout the length of the rhombencephalon; made up of named elevations such as the facial colliculus and the hypoglossal and vagal trigones. ... Synonym: eminentia medialis, eminentia teres, funiculus teres, round eminence. ... ( …

round fasciculus
Synonym for solitary tract ... A slender, compact fibre bundle extending longitudinally through the dorsolateral region of the medullary tegmentum, surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract, below the obex decussating over the central canal, and descending over some distance into the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord. It is composed o …

round foramen
Synonym for foramen rotundum ... <anatomy> An opening in the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, transmitting the maxillary nerve. ... Synonym: round foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

round heart
Abnormally smooth arcuate contours of the heart due either to disease of the ventricles or to a false cardiac appearance produced by excessive pericardial fluid. ... Synonym: globular heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

round heart disease
A spontaneous cardiomyopathy of unknown aetiology that affects young turkeys; characterised by sudden death due to cardiac arrest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

round ligament
<anatomy> A fibromuscular band that attaches to the uterus and then passes along the broad ligament, out through the inguinal ring, and into the labium majus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

round ligament of elbow joint
Synonym for oblique ligament of elbow joint ... A slender band extending from the lateral part of the coronoid process of the ulna distad and laterad to the radius immediately distal to the bicipital tuberosity. ... Synonym: chorda obliqua, oblique cord, round ligament of elbow joint, Weitbrecht's cord, Weitbrecht's ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

round ligament of femur
Synonym for ligament of head of femur ... A flattened ligament that passes from the fovea in the head of the femur to the borders of the acetabular notch (transverse acetabular ligament); developmentally, an artery passes to the head of the femur with the ligament which may or may not persist into adulthood; the ligament does not contribute to the i …

round ligament of liver
The remains of the umbilical vein running within the free edge of the falciform ligament from umbilicus to the liver, where it continues within the fissure for the round ligament to the origin of the left portal vein within the porta hepatis. ... Synonym: ligamentum teres hepatis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

round ligament of uterus
A fibromuscular band that is attached to the uterus on either side in front of and below the opening of the uterine tube; it passes through the inguinal canal to the labium majus; corresponds to the spermatic cord of male in that it passes through the inguinal canal and gains similar coverings, but is not homologous. ... Synonym: ligamentum teres ut …

round pelvis
Synonym for mesatipellic pelvis ... An obsolete term for one in which the anteroposterior and transverse diameters are equal or the transverse diameter is not more than 1 cm longer than the anteroposterior diameter. ... Synonym: round pelvis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

round pneumonia
<radiology> Kids, the usual bacteria (especially pneumococcus), adults, almost always associated with immune deficiency, predominantly fungal, especially Aspergillus ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

round pronator muscle
Synonym for pronator teres ... <anatomy, muscle> Origin, superficial (humeral) head (ulnar) from the common flexor origin on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, deep (ulnar) head from the medial side of the coronoid process of the ulna; insertion, middle of the lateral surface of the radius; action, pronates forearm; nerve supply, median. …

round window
Fenestra of the cochlea; an opening in the medial wall of the middle ear leading into the cochlea. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

roundwood
Logs, bolts, or other round sections cut from trees. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

roundworm
<organism> Infection by the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides and is characterised by an early pulmonary phase related to larval migration and a later, prolonged intestinal phase. ... Adult worms are 15-40 cm in length and maintain themselves in the lumen of the small intestine. Infection occurs after ingesting eggs contained in contaminated food …

Rous sarcoma
<tumour> A fibrosarcoma, originally observed in a Plymouth Rock hen, now thought to be an expression of infection by certain viruses of the avian leukosis-sarcoma complex in the family Retroviridae. ... Synonym: avian sarcoma, Rous tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rous sarcoma virus
<virology> The virus responsible for the classic first cell free transmission of a solid tumour, the chicken sarcoma, first reported by Rous in 1911. An avian C type oncorna virus, original source of the src oncogene. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Rous sarcoma virus protease
<enzyme> Has been sequenced; crystallographic structure has been determined ... Registry number: EC 3.4.23.- ... Synonym: protease, rous sarcoma virus, rous sarcoma virus aspartic protease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Rous tumour
Synonym for Rous sarcoma ... <tumour> A fibrosarcoma, originally observed in a Plymouth Rock hen, now thought to be an expression of infection by certain viruses of the avian leukosis-sarcoma complex in the family Retroviridae. ... Synonym: avian sarcoma, Rous tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rous-associated virus
A leukaemia virus of the leukosis-sarcoma complex which by phenotypic mixing with a defective (noninfectious) strain of Rous sarcoma virus effects production of infectious sarcoma virus with envelope antigenicity of the RAV. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rous, F Peyton
<person> U.S. Pathologist and Nobel laureate, 1879-1970. ... See: Rous sarcoma, Rous sarcoma virus, Rous tumour, Rous-associated virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roussette
1. <zoology> A fruit bat, especially the large species (Pieropus vulgaris) inhabiting the islands of the Indian ocean. It measures about a yard across the expanded wings. ... 2. <zoology> Any small shark of the genus Scyllium; called also dogfish. See Dogfish. ... Origin: F.; so called in allusion to the colour. See Russet. ... Source: Web …

Roussy-Levy disease
A type of cerebellar ataxia regularly associated with wasting of the calves and intrinsic muscles of the hands and with absent tendon reflexes; pes cavus and claw toes develop; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: Roussy-Levy syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roussy-Levy syndrome
Synonym for Roussy-Levy disease ... A type of cerebellar ataxia regularly associated with wasting of the calves and intrinsic muscles of the hands and with absent tendon reflexes; pes cavus and claw toes develop; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: Roussy-Levy syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roussy, Gustave
<person> French pathologist, 1874-1948. ... See: Roussy-Levy disease, Roussy-Levy syndrome, Dejerine-Roussy syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

routinely
usual, habitual, regular ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Rouviere, Henri
<person> French anatomist and embryologist, *1875. ... See: node of Rouviere. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roux spatula
A very small nickeled steel spatula used to transfer bits of infected material, such as diphtheritic membrane, to culture tubes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roux-en-Y anastomosis
Anastomosis of the distal end of the divided jejunum to the stomach, bile duct, or another structure, with implantation of the proximal end into the side of the jejunum at a suitable distance below the first anastomosis, the bowel then forming a Y-shaped pattern. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roux-en-Y operation
Anastomosis of the distal end of the divided upper jejunum to the stomach, oesophagus, biliary tract, or other structure and anastomosis of the proximal end to the side of the jejunum a little further distal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roux, Cesar
<person> Swiss surgeon, 1857-1934. ... See: Roux-en-Y anastomosis, Roux-en-Y operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roux, Philibert
<person> French surgeon, 1780-1854. ... See: Roux's method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roux, Pierre
<person> French bacteriologist, 1853-1933. ... See: Roux spatula, Roux's stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roux's method
Division of the inferior maxilla in the median line, to facilitate the operation of ablation of the tongue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Roux's stain
<technique> A double stain for diphtheria bacilli which employs crystal violet or dahlia and methyl green. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rove
1. To wander over or through. 'Roving the field, i chanced A goodly tree far distant to behold.' (milton) ... 2. To plow into ridges by turning the earth of two furrows together. ... The act of wandering; a ramble. 'In thy nocturnal rove one moment halt. ... <zoology> ' (Young) Rove beetle, any one of numerous species of beetles of the family St …

Rovsing, Niels
<person> Danish surgeon, 1862-1927. ... See: Rovsing's sign. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rovsing's sign
<clinical sign> Pain at McBurney's point induced in cases of appendicitis, by pressure exerted over the descending colon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

row
A series of persons or things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a file; as, a row of trees; a row of houses or columns. 'And there were windows in three rows.' (1 Kings vii. 4) 'The bright seraphim in burning row. ... <geometry> ' (Milton) Row culture, the points on a line, infinite in number, as the points in which a pencil of ray …

rowan tree
<botany> A european tree (Pyrus aucuparia) related to the apple, but with pinnate leaves and flat corymbs of small white flowers followed by little bright red berries. Called also roan tree, and mountain ash. The name is also applied to two American trees of similar habit (Pyrus Americana, and P. Sambucifolia). ... Origin: Cf. Sw. Ronn, Dan. R …

rowel
1. The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points. 'With sounding whip, and rowels dyed in blood.' (Cowper) ... 2. A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits. 'The iron rowels into frothy foam he bit.' (Spenser) ... 3. <veterinary> A roll of hair, silk, etc, passed through the flesh of horses, answering to a seton in human surgery. ... Origin: O …

rowlock
A contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an oar in rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on the edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing through the oar, or of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the gunwale and suporting the oar. ... Origi …

Rowntree and Geraghty test
Synonym for phenolsulfonphthalein test ... An obsolete test for renal function; after the patient has drunk a glass or two of water, 1 ml of a 0.6% solution of dye is injected hypodermically; the time between this injection and the appearance of a pink tinge in the urine as it falls into an alkaline solution is noted; the amount excreted in each of …

Rowntree, Leonard
<person> U.S. Physician, *1883. ... See: Rowntree and Geraghty test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

roxarsone
<chemical> 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid. An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, coccidiostats. ... Chemical name: Arsonic acid, (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

roxithromycin
<chemical> Erythromycin, 9-(o-((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl)oxime). Semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin. It is concentrated by human phagocytes and is bioactive intracellularly. While the drug is active against a wide spectrum of pathogens, it is particularly effective in the treatment of respiratory and genital tract infections. ... Pharmacol …

royal
1. Kingly; pertaining to the crown or the sovereign; suitable for a king or queen; regal; as, royal power or prerogative; royal domains; the royal family; royal state. ... 2. Noble; generous; magnificent; princely. 'How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio?' (Shak) ... 3. Under the patronage of royality; holding a charter granted by the sovereign; …

royal touch
A touching of a patient by the king, which was thought to be curative; usually applied to patients with scrofula, but also done with patients with enlarged lymph glands (buboes) of plague. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

royalisin
<protein> Insect defensin found in honeybee royal jelly. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

royalty
1. The state of being royal; the condition or quality of a royal person; kingship; kingly office; sovereignty. 'Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty.' (Holyday) ... 2. The person of a king or sovereign; majesty; as, in the presence of royalty. 'For thus his royalty doth speak.' (Shak) ... 3. An emblem of royalty; usually in the plural, me …

RPF
<abbreviation> Renal plasma flow. ... See: effective renal plasma flow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rpm
<abbreviation> Revolutions per minute. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RPO
<abbreviation> Right posterior oblique, a radiographic projection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RPR
Synonym for rapid plasma reagin ... <investigation> The rapid plasma reagin test is similar to the VDRL test for diagnosing syphilis. This blood test is designed to detect an antibody substance in the bloodstream when syphilis infection is present. Early syphilis infections may be RPR negative. ... See: VDRL ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

RPR test
Synonym for rapid plasma reagin test ... A group of serologic test's for syphilis in which unheated serum or plasma is reacted with a standard test antigen containing charcoal particles; positive test's yield a flocculation. A modification, called the RPR (circle) card test, is widely used as a screening test. ... Synonym: RPR test. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

RQ
<abbreviation> Respiratory quotient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rRNA
Synonym for RNA ... <molecular biology> A nucleic acid found in all living cells. Plays a role in transferring information from DNA to the protein-forming system of the cell. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

rrna operon
Genetic loci which direct transcription and translation of ribosomal RNA in bacterial operons. They are designated rrnb, rrnc, rrnd, etc. According to the structural position of the transcription unit in the DNA sequence. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Rs virus
Synonym for respiratory syncytial virus ... <virology> This RNA virus is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family and is a major pathogen in the upper and lower respiratory tract in both infants and younger children. ... Respiratory syncytial virus manifestations include bronchiolitis, pneumonia and croup. ... Acronym: RSV ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

RSA
<abbreviation> Right sacroanterior position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RSD
<abbreviation> Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RSP
<abbreviation> Right sacroposterior position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rsr1p(Bud1p) GTPase
<enzyme> A GTPase of the ras family required for budding in yeast ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... Synonym: rsr1 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

RST
<abbreviation> Right sacrotransverse position. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RST segment
The part of the electrocardiogram between the QRS complex and the T wave. Virtually never distinct in normal hearts in which it forms the initial limb of the T wave without an agreed endpoint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RSV
Synonym for respiratory syncytial virus ... <virology> This RNA virus is a member of the Paramyxoviridae family and is a major pathogen in the upper and lower respiratory tract in both infants and younger children. ... Respiratory syncytial virus manifestations include bronchiolitis, pneumonia and croup. ... Acronym: RSV ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

RSV test
<investigation> A blood test which measures the levels of immunoglobulins IgG and IgM against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

RT
<abbreviation> Room temperature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RT3
Symbol for reverse triiodothyronine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rTMP
<abbreviation> Ribothymidylic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ru
Symbol for ruthenium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

RU-486
Synonym for mifepristone ... <chemical> A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercort …

rub
1. To subject (a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with sandpaper. 'It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to rub the body with a coarse linen cloth.' (Sir T. Elyot) ... 2. To mov …

Rubarth
Sven, Swedish veterinarian, *1905. ... See: Rubarth's disease, Rubarth's disease virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rubarth's disease
Synonym for infectious canine hepatitis ... A disease of dogs, caused by canine adenovirus 1, and characterised by fever, depression, loss of appetite, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, petechial haemorrhages in the gums, pale mucous membranes, and jaundice. ... Synonym: hepatitis contagiosa canis, Rubarth's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Rubarth's disease virus
Synonym for canine adenovirus 1 ... A virus causing infectious canine hepatitis in dogs. ... Synonym: fox encephalitis virus, Rubarth's disease virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubber
1. One who, or that which, rubs. Specifically: An instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or cleaning. ... A coarse file, or the rough part of a file. ... A whetstone; a rubstone. ... An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc. ... The cushion of an electrical machine. ... One who performs massage, especially in a Turkish bath. ... Something that chaf …

rubber dam
In surgery, thin strips of rubber used as a surgical drain or barrier, a thin sheet of rubber with holes that is placed over teeth to isolate them from the oral cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubber dam clamp
A springlike metal piece encircling or grasping the cervix of a tooth and so shaped as to prevent a rubber dam from coming off the tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubber dam clamp forceps
Synonym for clamp forceps ... A forceps with pronged jaws designed to engage the jaws of a rubber dam clamp so that they may be separated to pass over the widest buccolingual contour of a tooth. ... Synonym: rubber dam clamp forceps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubber dams
Sheets of latex rubber punched and placed over the teeth during dental procedures to isolate the field of operation from the rest of the oral cavity. Rubber dams are useful in preventing the swallowing of instruments or restorations during dental work. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

rubber pelvis
Synonym for caoutchouc pelvis ... In osteomalacia, a pelvis in which the bones are still soft. ... Synonym: rubber pelvis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubber policeman
See: policeman. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubber shod clamp
A small rubber-tipped clamp that holds sutures in place during surgery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubber tissue
A thin sheet of rubber used as a cover in surgical dressings. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubber-bulb syringe
A syringe with a hollow rubber bulb and cannula provided with a check valve, used to obtain a jet of air or water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubbing alcohol
An alcoholic mixture intended for external use; it usually contains 70% by volume of absolute alcohol or isopropyl alcohol; the remainder consists of water, denaturants (with and without coal tar colours), and perfume oils; used as a rubefacient for muscle and joint aches and pains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubble
1. Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc, used in coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing courses of walls. 'Inside [the wall] there was rubble or mortar.' (Jowett (Thucyd)) ... 2. Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a quarryman's term for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion of a mass of stone; brash. ... …

rubeanic acid
Dithiooxamide, which forms complete dark greenish-black complexes with copper in alkaline ethanolic solution; used histochemically for demonstrating pathologic copper deposits, as in Wilson's disease; also reacts with cobalt and nickel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubedo
A temporary redness of the skin. ... Origin: L. Redness, fr. Ruber, red ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubefacient
Making red. ... <alchemy> An external application which produces redness of the skin. ... Origin: L. Rubefaciens, p.pr. Of rubefacere = to make red; rubere to be red + facere = to make. ... (11 Mar 1998) ...

rubefaction
Erythema of the skin caused by local application of a counterirritant. ... Origin: see rubefacient ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubella
<disease, virology> An acute, usually benign, infectious disease caused by a togavirus and most often affecting children and nonimmune young adults, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and spreads to the lymphatic system. ... It is characterised by a slight cold, sore throat and fever, followed by enlargement of …

rubella cataract
Embryopathic cataract secondary to intrauterine rubella infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rubella HI test
A haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for rubella, often performed routinely as part of a prenatal workup of the pregnant woman; the presence of any detectable HI titre in the absence of disease indicates previous infection and immunity to reinfection; if HI antibody is undetected, the patient is considered potentially susceptible and is followe …