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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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rubella immunizationThe standard MMR vaccine is given to prevent measles, mumps and rubella (german measles). The mmr vaccine is now given in two dosages. The first should be given at12-15 months of age. The second vaccination should be given at 4-6 years (or, alternatively, 11-12 years) of age. most colleges require proof of a second measles or mmr vaccination prior …
rubella retinopathyPeripheral pigmentary retinal changes in congenital rubella, not affecting visual function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubella syndrome, congenitalTransplacental infection of the foetus with rubella usually in the first trimester of pregnancy, as a consequence of maternal infection, resulting in various developmental abnormalities in the newborn infant. They include cardiac and ocular lesions, deafness, microcephaly, mental retardation, and generalised growth retardation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rubella vaccineA live attenuated virus vaccine of duck embryo or human diploid cell tissue culture origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of nonpregnant adolescent and adult females of childbearing age who are unimmunised and do not have serum antibodies to rubella. Children are usually immunised with measles-mumps-rubella combinat …
rubella virusThe type (and only) species of rubivirus causing acute infection in humans, primarily children and young adults. Humans are the only natural host. A live, attenuated vaccine is available for prophylaxis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rubella virus vaccineA live virus vaccine prepared from duck embryo or human diploid cell culture infected with rubella virus; administered as a single subcutaneous injection. ... See: measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubellinA cardiac glycoside with a digitalis-like action, obtained from Urginia rubella (family Liliaceae). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubeola<virology> Also called measles, is an acute infectious disease caused by the measles virus, a Morbillivirus in the paramyxovirus family. ... Early symptoms include a low-grade fever, dry cough, pinkeye and cold symptoms. Later symptoms include tiny, white spots lining the inside of the cheeks (Koplik spots) and a red rash which starts on the f …
rubeola virusSynonym for measles virus ... <virology> Paramyxovirus that causes the childhood disease measles and is responsible for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
rubeosisReddish discoloration, as of the skin. ... Origin: L. Ruber, red, + G. -osis, condition ... Rubeosis iridis diabetica, neovascularization of the anterior surface of the iris in diabetes mellitus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruberythric acidA glycoside of alizarin and a disaccharide containing d-xylose and d-glucose residues found in the roots of the madder plant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruberythrinic<chemistry> Pertaining to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder root. It is a yellow crystalline substance from which alizarin is obtained. ... Origin: L. Ruber = red. ... (17 Mar 1998) ...
rubescentReddening. ... Origin: L. Rubesco, pr. P. Rubescens, to become red ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubiaceaeThe rubiaceae are asteridae with opposite leaves and interpetiolar stipules. Important genera include the cinchona and coffea. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rubiaceous<botany> Of or pertaining to a very large natural order of plants (Rubiaceae) named after the madder (Rubia tinctoria), and including about three hundred and seventy genera and over four thousand species. ... Among them are the coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine, the madder, the quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the e …
rubicon<geography> A small river which separated Italy from Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius Caesar. ... By leading an army across this river, contrary to the prohibition of the civil government at Rome, Caesar precipitated the civil war which resulted in the death of Pompey and the overthrow of the senate; hence, the phrase to pass or …
rubidine<chemistry> A nitrogenous base homologous with pyridine, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, also, any one of the group od metameric compounds of which rubidine is the type. ... Structure: C11H17N ... (17 Mar 1998) ...
rubidium<chemistry, element> A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. ... Origin: NL, fr. L. Rubidus red, fr. Rubere to be red. So called from two dark red spectroscopic lines by means of which it was …
rubidium radioisotopesUnstable isotopes of rubidium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Rb atoms with atomic weights 79-84, and 86-95 are radioactive rubidium isotopes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rubidomycinAn antibiotic used as an antineoplastic; similar to doxorubicin in antitumour activity and in exhibiting cumulative cardiotoxicity. ... Synonym: daunorubicin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
RubinIsidor C., U.S. Gynecologist, 1883-1958. ... See: Rubin test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubin SSynonym for acid fuchsin ... A mixture of the sodium salts bi-and trisulfonic acids of rosanilin and pararosanilin; used as an indicator dye and for staining of cytoplasm and collagen. ... Synonym: rubin S, rubine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rubin testAn obsolete test of patency of the fallopian tubes; a cannula is introduced into the cervix uteri, and carbon dioxide gas is passed through the cannula by means of a syringe with manometer attachment; if the tubes are patent, the escape of gas into the abdominal cavity is evidenced by a high-pitched bubbling sound heard on auscultation over the low …
rubinstein-taybi syndrome<syndrome> An autosomal recessive disorder usually occurring in males and characterised mainly by motor and mental retardation, broad thumbs, webbing of fingers and toes, facial and skeletal abnormalities. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
Rubinstein, Jack<person> U.S. Child psychiatrist and paediatrician, *1925. ... See: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubivirusA genus of the family togaviridae containing only one recognised species, rubella virus. Transmission is primarily by aerosolization. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rubivirus infectionsVirus diseases caused by the rubivirus genus, of the family togaviridae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
RubnerMax, German hygienist and biochemist, 1854-1932. ... See: Rubner's laws of growth, Rubner's test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rubner's laws of growthThe law of constant energy consumption: the rapidity of growth is proportional to the intensity of the metabolic processes, the law of the constant growth quotient: in most young mammals, 24% of the entire food energy, or calories, is utilised for growth; in humans only 5% is utilised. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rubner's testA test for lactose or glucose in the urine; lead acetate is added to the suspected urine which is then filtered; ammonia is added until a permanent precipitate is formed; if lactose is present, the precipitate will take on a pink to red colour when the fluid is heated; if there is glucose, the colour will be yellow to brown. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruborRedness, as one of the four signs of inflammation (r., calor, dolor, tumour) enunciated by Celsus. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubratoxinA mycotoxin produced by Penicillium rubrum and P. Purpurogenum, which form readily on cereal grains; responsible for outbreaks of toxicosis in the U.S. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubredoxin-NAD+ reductase<enzyme> Prior to 1978 was classified as EC 1.6.7.2; alka from pseudomonas maltophilia, perhaps others ... Registry number: EC 1.18.1.1 ... Synonym: rubredoxin reductase, rubredoxin nad reductase, NADH rubredoxin oxidoreductase, NADPH rubredoxin oxidoreductase, alka gene product, rbo gene product, rubredoxin oxidoreductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
rubredoxin-oxygen oxidoreductase<enzyme> Contains fad and a new type of haem; site of oxygen reduction to water by desulfovibrio gigas coupled with NADH oxidation ... Registry number: EC 1.9.3.- ... Synonym: rubredoxin oxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
rubredoxinsA class of iron-sulfur proteins that contains one iron coordinated to the sulfur atom of four cysteine residues. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rubriblastSynonym: pronormoblast. ... Origin: L. Ruber, red, + G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubricThat part of any work in the early manuscripts and typography which was coloured red, to distinguish it from other portions. Hence, specifically: ... A titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and place of printing; also, the initial letters, etc, when printed in red. ... The directions and rules for the conduct of service, formerly …
rubricytePolychromatic normoblast. ... See: erythroblast. ... Origin: L. Ruber, red, + kytos, cell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubrobulbar tractThat component of the rubrospinal tract which distributes its fibres to lateral parts of the rhombencephalic tegmentum rather than the spinal cord, uncrossed rubro-olivary fibres. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubroreticular fasciculiBundles of fibres that connect the red nucleus to the pontine and midbrain reticular nuclei. ... Synonym: fasciculi rubroreticulares. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubroreticular tractFibres that pass from the red nucleus to the reticular formation of the pons and medulla. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubrospinalRelating to the nerve fibres passing from the red nucleus to the spinal cord: the rubrospinal tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubrospinal decussationSee: tegmental decussations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rubrospinal tractA somatotopically organised fibre bundle, relatively small in humans, arising from the red nucleus, immediately crossing in the ventral tegmental decussation, descending near the lateral surface of the brainstem into the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord at the ventral border of the lateral pyramidal tract. It terminates in the zona intermedia o …
rubulavirusA genus of the family paramyxoviridae (subfamily paramyxovirinae) where all the species have haemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities but lack a c protein. Mumps virus is the type species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rubulavirus infectionsInfections with viruses of the genus rubulavirus, family paramyxoviridae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rubyOrigin: F. Rubis (cf. Pr. Robi), LL. Rubinus, robinus, fr. L. Rubeus = red, reddish, akin to ruber. See Rouge, red. ... 1. <chemical> A precious stone of a carmine red colour, sometimes verging to violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red crystallized variety of corundum. ... Besides the true or Oriental ruby above d …
ruby spotsSynonym for senile haemangioma ... <tumour> A red papule due to weakening of the capillary wall, seen mostly in persons over 30 years of age. ... Synonym: cherry angioma, De Morgan's spots, ruby spots. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruche1. A plaited, quilled, or goffered strip of lace, net, ribbon, or other material, used in place of collars or cuffs, and as a trimming for women's dresses and bonnets. ... Alternative forms: rouche. ... 2. A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain oyster spawn. ... Origin: F. Ruche ruche, beehive, OF. Rusche a beehive, which was formerly made o …
ructusSynonym: eructation. ... Origin: L. Fr. Ructo, pp. -atus, to belch ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Rud's syndrome<syndrome> Ichthyosiform erythroderma associated with acanthosis nigricans, dwarfism, hypogonadism, and epilepsy; mostly sporadic, but may be an X-linked recessive trait. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rudd<zoology> A fresh water European fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus erythrophthalmus). It is about the size and shape of the roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter body, and red irises. Called also redeye, roud, finscale, and shallow. A blue variety is called azurine, or blue roach. ... See: Rud. ... Source: Websters Dictionar …
rudderOrigin: OE. Rother, AS. Rother a paddle; akin to D. Roer rudder, oar, G. Ruder, OHG. Roadar, Sw. Roder, ror, Dan. Roer, ror. ... See Row to propel with an oar, and cf. Rother. ... 1. The mechanical appliance by means of which a vessel is guided or steered when in motion. It is a broad and flat blade made of wood or iron, with a long shank, and is fas …
ruddock1. <zoology> The European robin. 'The tame ruddock and the coward kite.' ... 2. A piece of gold money; probably because the gold of coins was often reddened by copper alloy. Called also red ruddock, and golden ruddock. 'Great pieces of gold . . . Red ruddocks.' (Florio) ... Origin: AS. Ruddic; cf. W. Rhuddog the redbreast. See Rud ... Alternativ …
rude1. Characterised by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or refinement; coarse. 'Such gardening tools as art, yet rude, . . . Had formed.' (Milton) ... 2. Hence, specifically: Unformed by taste or skill; not nicely finished; not smoothed or polished; said especially of material things; as, rude workmanship. 'Rude was the cloth.' 'Rude and un …
ruderal<botany> Weedy vegetation growing on compacted, plowed, or otherwise distrubed ground and showing a preference for this type of habitat. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...
rudiment1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning. 'but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth.' (Milton) 'the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape.' (I. Taylor) ... 2. Hence, an elemen …
rudimentaThe pleural of rudimentum ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rudimentaryPoorly developed and not functional. ... Compare: vestigial, obsolete. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
rudimentumSynonym for rudiment ... 1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning. 'but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments, and see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth.' (Milton) 'the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape.' (I. Taylor …
rudimentum hippocampiSynonym for indusium griseum ... A thin layer of gray matter on the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum in which the medial and lateral longitudinal stria lie embedded. The indusium griseum is a rudimentary component of the hippocampus, continuous caudally around the splenium of the corpus callosum with the fasciolar gyrus, a slender convolution i …
RuDP carboxylaseSynonym for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase ... <enzyme> A copper protein that catalyses the formation of 2 moles of 3-phosphoglycerate from ribulose 1,5-biphosphate in the presence of carbon dioxide and is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in photosynthesis. ... Carbon dioxide is combined with ribulose diphosphate to give two molecules …
rue1. <botany> A perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens), having a strong, heavy odour and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine. ... 'Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see.' (Milton) 'They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water, incense, sulphur, rue, which from thence, as …
ruff1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children. 'Here to-morrow with his best ruff on.' (Shak) 'His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came out against ruffs; . . . They were come to that height of excess herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for st …
Ruffini, Angelo<person> Italian histologist, 1864-1929. ... See: Ruffini's corpuscles, flower-spray organ of Ruffini. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Ruffini's corpusclesSensory end-structures in the subcutaneous connective tissues of the fingers, consisting of an ovoid capsule within which the sensory fibre ends with numerous collateral knobs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruffle1. <cell biology> Projections at the leading edge of a crawling cell. In time lapse films the active edge appears to ruffle. ... The protrusions are apparently supported by a microfilament meshwork and can move centripetally over the dorsal surface of a cell in culture. ... 2. <zoology> The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothe …
rufousSynonym: erythristic. ... Origin: L. Rufus, reddish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rufous albinismSynonym for xanthism ... A pigmentary anomaly of blacks, characterised by red or yellow-red hair colour, copper-red skin, and often by dilution of iris pigment. ... Synonym: rufous albinism. ... Origin: G. Xanthos, yellowish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruga gastricaSynonym for rugae of stomach ... Characteristic folds of the gastric mucosa, especially evident when the stomach is contracted. ... Synonym: plicae gastricae, gastric folds, ruga gastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruga palatinaSynonym for transverse palatine fold ... A masticatory vestige on the hard palate; one of several irregular, sometimes branching, crests of soft tissue that radiate from the region of the incisive papillae at their most anterior parts and extend a slight distance backward, crossing the hard palate and reaching laterally for variable distances. ... Sy …
rugae of stomachCharacteristic folds of the gastric mucosa, especially evident when the stomach is contracted. ... Synonym: plicae gastricae, gastric folds, ruga gastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rugae of vaginaA number of transverse ridges in the mucous membrane of the vagina. ... Synonym: rugae vaginales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rugae vaginalesSynonym for rugae of vagina ... A number of transverse ridges in the mucous membrane of the vagina. ... Synonym: rugae vaginales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rugal columns of vaginaTwo slight longitudinal ridges, anterior and posterior, in the vaginal mucous membrane, each marked by a number of transverse mucosal folds. ... Synonym: columnae rugarum, vaginal columns. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rugger jersey vertebraAppearance of a vertebral body with horizontal sclerotic bands adjacent to the endplates; associated with renal osteodystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rugitusA rumbling sound in the intestines. ... See: borborygmus. ... Origin: L. A roaring, fr. Rugio, to roar ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rugoseDeeply wrinkled. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
rugosity1. The state of being thrown into folds or wrinkles. ... 2. A ruga. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rugousSynonym for rugose ... Deeply wrinkled. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
ruguloseCovered with tiny wrinkles. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
Ruhemann's purpleA blue-violet dye formed in the reaction of ninhydrin with amino acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
RUL<abbreviation> Right upper lobe (of lung). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruleA statement of conditions, effects, or phenomena typically observed in agiven situation or process. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
rule of bigeminyRule that a ventricular premature beat will follow the beat terminating a long cycle. Sudden prolongation of the ventricular cycle, by changing the refractoriness in the conduction system, causes a peripheral region of bidirectional block to become transiently unidirectional and thus opens potential pathways for reentry to occur. ... (05 Mar 2000)
rule of nines
Method used in calculating body surface area involved in burns whereby values of 9 or 18 percent of surface area are assigned to specific regions as follows: Head and neck, 9%; anterior thorax, 18%; posterior thorax, 18%; arms, 9% each; legs, 18% each; perineum 1%. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rule of outlet
An obstetric rule for determining whether the pelvic outlet will permit the passage of a foetus; the sum of the posterior sagittal diameter and the transverse diameter of the outlet must equal at least 15 cm if a normal-sized baby is to pass. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruler
1. One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor. 'And he made him ruler over all the land.' (Gen. Xii. 43) 'A prince and ruler of the land.' (Shak) ... 2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc, with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule, 7 . Parallel ruler. See Parallel. ... Source: Webs …
rum nose
Synonym for rhinophyma ... A manifestation of severe acne rosacea resulting in significant enlargement of the nose and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands and surrounding connective tissue. The nose is reddened and marked with numerous telangiectasias. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rum-blossom
Synonym for rhinophyma ... A manifestation of severe acne rosacea resulting in significant enlargement of the nose and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands and surrounding connective tissue. The nose is reddened and marked with numerous telangiectasias. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
rumen
<zoology> The first four stomach compartments in ruminant animals (such as cattle and deer). ... (17 Dec 1997) ...
rumenitis
Inflammation of the rumen of ruminant animals. ... Origin: rumen + G. -itis, inflammation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rumenotomy
<procedure> Incision into the rumen. ... Origin: rumen + G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
rumina
The pleural of rumen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruminantia
<zoology> A division of Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This division includes the camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and allies. ... The vegetable food, after the first mastication, enters the first stomach (r). It afterwards passes into the second (n), where it is moistened, and formed into pellets which the animal has th …
ruminants
A suborder of the order artiodactyla whose members have the distinguishing feature of a four-chambered stomach. Horns or antlers are usually present, at least in males. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
ruminate
<plant biology> Mottled in appearance, for example of bark, or of the food reserves in a seed. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...
rumination
1. The act or process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of chewing the cud. 'Rumination is given to animals to enable them at once to lay up a great store of food, and afterward to chew it.' (Arbuthnot) ... 2. The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate meditation or reflection. 'Retiring full of rumination sad.' (Thomso …
rumination disorder
A mental disorder occurring in infancy characterised by repeated regurgitation of food; usually accompanied by weight loss or failure to gain weight. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
ruminative
Characterised by a preoccupation with certain thoughts and ideas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
