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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

Ryle, John
<person> English physician, 1889-1950. ... See: Ryle's tube. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ryle's tube
A thin rubber tube, with about the lumen of a no. 8 catheter, and an olive-tipped extremity, used in the giving of a test meal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

rytina
<zoology> A genus of large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and manatee, including but one species (R. Stelleri). ... Synonym: Steller's sea cow. ... Alternative forms: Rhytina. ... It is now extinct, but was formerly abundant at Behring's Island, near Behring's Straits. It was twenty-five feet or more in length, with a thick, blackish …

S antigen
Synonym for soluble antigen ... Viral antigen that remains in solution after the particles of virus have been removed by means of centrifugation; in the case of the influenza viruses, it is the internal helical structure, free of the external envelope. ... Synonym: S antigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S factor
The individual variables, or empirically most minute subclusters of intercorrelations or common variance, found in different intelligence tests (specific). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S gene complex
<molecular biology> Genes coding for molecular components of the pollen stigma recognition system in the cabbage genus Brassica). The gene products govern the self incompatibility response and include a glycoprotein found on the stigma surface and a lectin on the pollen grain surface that binds to the stigma glycoprotein. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

S layer
<biology> A continuous layer of glycoprotein or protein repeating units forming usually the outermost layer of several species of archae and eu bacteria. About 10 nm thick. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

S phase
<cell biology> The phase of the cell cycle during which DNA replication takes place. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

S potential
Prolonged, slow, depolarising or hyperpolarising responses to illumination; initiated between the photoreceptor and ganglion cell layers of the retina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S protein
The major fragment produced from pancreatic ribonuclease by the limited action of subtilisin, which cleaves the ribonuclease between residues 20 and 21; the smaller fragment (residues 1-20) is S peptide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S region
<molecular biology> The nonMHC gene in the midst of the H 2 major histocompatability complex of the mouse genome that codes for complement component C4. ... Sometimes confusingly known as the gene for the type III MHC product in mice. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

S ring
<molecular biology> The static part of the bacterial motor: a ring of 15 or 17 sub units (one or less more than the M ring), anchored to the inner surface of the cell wall. ... (10 Mar 1998) ...

S romanum
Archaic term for sigmoid colon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S sign of Golden
In pulmonary radiology, the combination of an atelectatic lobe and a central obstructing mass produces a concavity and a convexity, like the letter 'S.' ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S type lectin
<protein> One of two classes of lectin produced by animal cells. The classification of animal lectins into two classes, the other being the C type, was originally proposed by K.Drickamer. ... The carbohydrate binding activity of the S type lectins requires their cysteines to have free thiols and does not need divalent cations (c.f. C type lect …

S value
Svedberg Unit. ... See: sedimentation coefficient. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

S wave
A negative (downward) deflection of the QRS complex following an R w; successive downward deflections within the same QRS complex are labelled S', S'', etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S-(dinitrophenyl)glutathione ATPase
<enzyme> Anionic conjugates of bilirubin and bile acids stimulate the hydrolysis of the above enzyme of human erythrocyte; also found in other tissue ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... Synonym: dnp-sg-atpase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine
S-(5'-deoxy-5'-adenosyl)-l-homocysteine;the compound formed by the demethylation of S-adenosyl-l-methionine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S-adenosyl-l-methionine
S-(5'-deoxy-5'-adenosyl)-l-methionine;condensation product of adenosine and l-methionine involving replacement of the -OPO3H2 of adenylic acid by -S+ (CH3)CH2CH2CH(NH3+)CO 2 of methionine; a sulfonium compound bearing a methyl group that is transferred in transmethylation reactions. ... See: methionine adenosyltransferase. ... Synonym: active methion …

s-adenosylhomocysteine
<chemical> 5'-s-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from s-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. ... Chemical name: L-Homocysteine, S-(5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

S-adenosylhomocysteine deaminase
<enzyme> From streptomyces flocculus; deaminating enzyme responsible for the conversion of s-adenosylhomocysteine to s-inosylhomocysteine ... Registry number: EC 3.5.4.- ... Synonym: adohcy deaminase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

s-adenosylmethionine
<chemical> Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. ... It is an abundant protein of the retina and pineal gland that elicits experimental autoimmune uveitis, now known t …

S-alkylcysteine lyase
<enzyme> Produces pyruvic acid, ammonia and a thiol; consider also glutamine transaminase k, which has cysteine conjugate beta-lyase activity ... Registry number: EC 4.4.1.6 ... Synonym: cysteine conjugate beta-lyase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

S-BP line
A line connecting the sella with the Bolton point; it indicates the posterior portion of the cranial base in cephalometrics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

s-cone
Short wavelength sensitive c. (blue c.). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S-linalool synthase
<enzyme> Converts geranylpyrophosphate via a linalyl cation and addition of h2o to form the monoterpene s-linalool (3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol) ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

S-mephenytoin N-demethylase
<enzyme> Catalyses the n-demthylation of s-mephenytoin; an isoform of cytochrome p-450 active in liver microsomes ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: mephenytoin demethylase, cytochrome p-450 cyp2b6, cyp2b6, cytochrome p4502b6 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

S-N line
A line connecting a point (S) representing the centre of the sella turcica with the frontonasal junction (N); it denotes the anterior portion of the cranial base in cephalometrics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S-N-A angle
In cephalometrics, an angle measuring the anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary basal arch on the anterior cranial base; it shows the degree of maxillary prognathism. ... See: subspinale. ... Origin: sella-nasion-subspinale (or point A) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S-N-B angle
An angle showing the anterior limit of the mandibular basal arch in relation to the anterior cranial base. ... See: supramentale. ... Origin: sella-nasion-supramentale (or point B) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S-phenacylglutathione reductase
<enzyme> Toxic alpha-haloketones react nonenzymatically to form s-phenacylglutathione which is reduced to the corresponding non-toxic alkylketone ... Registry number: EC 1.8.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

S-receptor kinase
<enzyme> Srk - s-receptor kinase; from brassica oleracea; amino acid sequence has been determined ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: srk gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

S-sulfocysteine
A sulfated derivative of cysteine that is elevated in individuals with a molybdenum cofactor deficiency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S-sulfocysteine synthase
<enzyme> Substrates are o-acetylserine and thiosulfate ... Registry number: EC 4.- ... Synonym: cysteine synthase b ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

S-T segment
That part of the electrocardiographic tracing immediately following the QRS complex and merging into the T wave. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

s-triazine hydrolase
<enzyme> Dechlorinates deisopropylatrazine (ceat) and deethylatrazine (ciat); mw 54 kD; from rhodococcus corallinus; genbank l16534 ... Registry number: EC 3.8.1.- ... Synonym: trza gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

s-type cholinesterase
Synonym for cholinesterase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine tostop its action. ... (22 May 1997) ...

S-warfarin keto reductase
<enzyme> Rat liver microsome enzyme reduces s-warfarin to its 11s-oh product ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... Synonym: warfarin 11-reductase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

S1 nuclease mapping
A method for locating the 5' end of a transcript in a mixture of RNA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

S1-RNase
<enzyme> Isolated from petunia hybrida; 201 amino acid residues; amino acid sequence has been determined; genbank u07362 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... Synonym: s(1) s-rnase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

s3 gallop
<clinical sign> A finding which can be heard on auscultation of the heart in the setting of congestive heart failure. ... The sound of the S3 gallop, which immediately follows the second heart sound (S2) is thought to be produced by the sound of blood flowing into a noncompliant ventricle. This may occur in the setting of CHF and is best appre …

s4 gallop
<clinical sign> A presystolic atrial sound that immediately precedes the first heart sound (S1). This finding on auscultation of the heart may indicate myocardial disease. It is also found in those with hypertension. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

S6 kinase
Synonym for kinase ... <enzyme, molecular biology> Widely used abbreviation for phosphokinase, an enzyme catalysing transfer of phosphate from ATP to a second substrate usually specified in less abbreviated name, for example creatine phosphokinase (creatine kinase), protein kinase. Serine / threonine kinases phosphorylate on serine or threonin …

S7 gallop
Synonym for summation gallop ... Gallop rhythm in which the gallop sound is due to superimposition of third and fourth heart sounds; sometimes heard in normal subjects with tachycardia, but usually indicative of myocardial disease. ... Synonym: S7 gallop, S7. ... Systolic gallop, obsolete term for a triple cadence to the heart sounds in which the extr …

SA-induced protein kinase
<enzyme> 48-kD map kinase isolated from nicotiana tabacum; genbank u94192 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: p48 sip kinase, salicylic acid-induced protein kinase, sipk enzyme ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

saber shin
The sharp-edged anteriorly convex tibia in congenital syphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saber tibia
Deformity of the tibia occurring in tertiary syphilis or yaws, the bone having a marked forward convexity as a result of the formation of gummas and periostitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saber-sheath trachea
A type of tracheal collapse seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in which there is an increase in the outer posterior tracheal dimension with side-to-side narrowing involving the lower 2/3 of the trachea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sabin vaccine
Oral Polio virus Vaccine (OPV). The polio virus in opv is attenuated (weakened). The sabin vaccine is named after the american virologist albert sabin. See immunization, polio. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Sabin-Feldman dye test
A method for the detection of anti-toxoplasma antibody in serum, based on the fact that Toxoplasma gondii cells (from peritoneal exudate in mice) are fairly well stained with alkaline methylene blue, whereas organisms in a serum that contains specific antibody have no affinity for the dye; furthermore, normal toxoplasma cells become rounded, and th …

Sabin, Albert
<person> Polish-U.S. Virologist, 1906-1993. ... See: Sabin vaccine, Sabin-Feldman dye test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sabinol dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Enzyme from sage (salvia officinalis) and tansy (tana cetum vulgare) converts (+)-cis-sabinol to (+)-sabinone ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

sable
Of the colour of the sable's fur; dark; black; used chiefly in poetry. 'Night, sable goddess! from her ebon throne, In rayless majesty, now stretches forth Her leaden scepter o'er a slumbering world.' (Young) Sable antelope, the lemming. ... 1. <zoology> A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latit …

sabot
1. A kind of wooden shoe worn by the peasantry in France, Belgium, Sweden, and some other European countries. ... 2. A thick, circular disk of wood, to which the cartridge bag and projectile are attached, in fixed ammunition for cannon; also, a piece of soft metal attached to a projectile to take the groove of the rifling. ... Origin: F. ... Source: W …

sabot heart
Synonym for coeur en sabot ... <radiology> The radiographic configuration of the heart in the tetralogy of Fallot; the elevated apex gives a silhouette like that of a wooden shoe ... Synonym: sabot heart, wooden-shoe heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sabouraud-Noire instrument
An obsolete device for measuring the quantity of X-rays by means of the change in colour of a disk of barium platinocyanide which exposure to them produces; the unit used in this method is called tint B = erythema dose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sabouraud, Raymond
<person> French dermatologist, 1864-1938. ... See: Sabouraud's agar, Sabouraud's pastils, Sabouraud-Noire instrument. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Sabouraud's agar
A culture medium for fungi containing neopeptone or polypeptone agar and glucose, with final pH 5.6; it is the standard, most universally used medium in mycology and is the international reference. Modified Sabouraud's agar (Emmons modification) with less glucose is better for pigment development in the colonies. ... Synonym: French proof agar. ... ( …

Sabouraud's dextrose agar
A dextrose peptone media that supports the growth of most pathogenic fungi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sabre-shin deformity
<radiology> Marked periostosis of tibia, seen in congenital syphilis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

sabulous
Sandy; gritty. ... Origin: L. Sabulosus, fr. Sabulum, coarse sand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saburra
1. Foulness of the stomach or mouth resulting from decomposed food. ... Synonym: sordes. ... Origin: L. Sand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saburral
Relating to saburra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sac
A pouch or cavity. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

sacbrood
A viral disease affecting the larvae of bees. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccade
Rapid eye movement to redirect the line of sight. ... Origin: Fr. Saccade, sudden check of a horse ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccades
An abrupt voluntary shift in ocular fixation from one point to another, as occurs in reading. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

saccadic
Jerky. ... See: saccadic movement. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccadic movement
A quick rotation of the eyes from one fixation point to another as in reading, the rapid correction movement of a jerky nystagmus, as in labyrinthine and optokinetic nystagmus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharase
Synonym for beta-fructofuranosidase ... Beta-h-Fructosidase;an enzyme hydrolyzing beta-d-fructofuranosides and releasing free d-fructose; if the substrate is sucrose, the product is d-glucose plus d-fructose (invert sugar); invert sugar is more easily digestible than sucrose. ... Synonym: invertase, invertin, saccharase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharephidrosis
The presence of sugar in the sweat. ... Origin: sacchar-+ G. Ephidrosis, a slight perspiration ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharic acid
Term used to denote the class of dicarboxy sugar acids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharide kinase
<enzyme> Found in helicobacter pylori; incubation with ATP and mono- or disaccharides only gave glucose-6-phosphate; other saccharides were not phosphorylated ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

saccharides
Saccharides are classified as mono-, di-, tri-, and polysaccharides according to the number of monosaccharide groups composing them. ... See: carbohydrates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

sacchariferous
Producing sugar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharification
The process of saccharifying. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharify
To convert starch or cellulose or other polysaccharides into sugar. ... Origin: sacchari-+ L. Facio, to make ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharimeter
An instrument for ascertain the quantity of saccharine matter in any solution, as the juice of a plant, or brewers' and distillers' worts. ... Alternative forms: saccharometer. ... The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of saccharine matter in a solution of any specific gravity. The po …

saccharin
<chemical> In dilute aqueous solution this compound is 300 to 500 times sweeter than sucrose, used as a sweetening agent. ... (17 Dec 1997) ...

saccharo-
Sacchar-sacchari- ... Combining forms denoting sugar (saccharide). ... Origin: G. Sakcharon, sugar ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharogen amylase
Synonym for beta-amylase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in starch, glycogen, and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides so as to remove successive beta-maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains. ... Chemical name: 1,4-alpha-D-Glucan maltohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3 …

saccharolytic
Capable of hydrolyzing or otherwise breaking down a sugar molecule. ... Origin: saccharo-+ G. Lysis, loosening ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharometabolic
Relating to saccharometabolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharometabolism
Metabolism of sugar; the process of utilization of sugar in cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharometer
Synonym for saccharimeter ... An instrument for ascertain the quantity of saccharine matter in any solution, as the juice of a plant, or brewers' and distillers' worts. ... Alternative forms: saccharometer. ... The common saccharimeter of the brewer is an hydrometer adapted by its scale to point out the proportion of saccharine matter in a solution of …

Saccharomyces
<fungus> Genus of Ascomycetes yeasts. Normally haploid unicellular fungi that reproduce asexually by budding. ... Also have a sexual cycle in which cells of different mating types fuse to form a diploid zygote. Economically important in brewing and baking and are also suitable eukaryotic cells for the processes of genetic engineering and for t …

saccharomyces cerevisiae
<fungus> A species of yeast which is an important model organism for biological study, particularly for genetics and molecular biology. ... The entire genome of this species has been base sequenced and it is used to do research on the basic cellular mechanics of replication, recombination, cell division and metabolism. Saccharomyces cerevisiae …

Saccharomycetaceae
The family of yeasts; that group of fungi comprising the ascomycetes which possess a predominantly unicellular thallus, reproduce asexually by budding, transverse division, or both, and produce ascospores in an ascus, originating from a zygote or pathogenetically from a single somatic cell. The term yeastlike fungus is often applied to fungi that a …

Saccharomycetales
Synonym for endomycetales ... An order of mostly saprophytic ascomycetous fungi. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

saccharomycopsis
Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family saccharomycetaceae, order endomycetales isolated from the stomach of rabbits. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

saccharopine
HOOC(CH2)2CH(COOH)NH(CH2)4CH(NH2)COOH;a derivative of alpha-ketoglutarate and l-lysine that is an intermediate in l-lysine catabolism; elevated in cases of saccharopinuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharopine dehydrogenase
Two enzymes that are used in the pathway of l-lysine catabolism; the first isoform catalyses the reversible conversion of l-lysine, alpha-ketoglutarate, and NADH to saccharopine and NAD+; the other isoform reversibly catalyses to conversion of saccharopine and NAD+ to l-glutamate, NADH, and l-alpha-aminoadipate d-semialdehyde. A deficiency of one o …

saccharopine dehydrogenases
<enzyme> N-5-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-l-lysine:NAD(p)+ oxidoreductase (l-lysine-forming). Catalyses the oxidative cleavage of saccharopine to lysine plus ketoglutaric acid. Requires NAD; EC 1.5.1.8 requires NADP. ... Registry number: EC 1.5.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

saccharopine oxidase
<enzyme> Flavoenzyme which catalyses the oxidative cleavage of saccharopine to delta-1-piper9deine-6-carboxylate, glutamate and h2o2 ... Registry number: EC 1.5.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

saccharopinuria
Elevated levels of saccharopine in the urine; associated with a variant of familial hyperlysinuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharopolyspora
A genus of gram-positive bacteria whose spores are round to oval and covered by a sheath. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

saccharorrhoea
An obsolete term for glycosuria. ... Origin: saccharo-+ G. Rhoia, a flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharosuria
An obsolete term denoting the excretion of saccharose in the urine. ... Origin: saccharose + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

saccharum canadense
Synonym for maple sugar ... Sucrose extracted from the sap of the sugar maple, Acer saccharinum. ... Synonym: saccharum canadense. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...