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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

apolipoprotein D
<biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in HDL whose function is unclear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apolipoprotein E
<biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in VLDL, HDL, chylomicrons, and chylomicron remnants. Elevated in individuals with type III hyperlipoproteinaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apolipoprotein N-acyltransferase
<enzyme> From e. Coli; catalyses the conversion of apolipoprotein to mature lipoprotein ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: alp n-acyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

apolipoproteins
The protein components of lipoproteins which remain after the lipids to which the proteins are bound have been removed. They play an important role in lipid transport and metabolism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apolipoproteins a
Lipoproteins found in human blood serum in the high-density and very-high-density lipoprotein fraction (hdl, vhdl). They consist of several different polypeptides, the most important of which are apolipoprotein a-I and a-II. They maintain the structural integrity of the hdl particles and are activators of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (lcat) …

apolipoproteins b
Structural proteins of chylomicrons, vldl, and ldl. They are important in the secretion and transport of these lipoproteins and represent the binding proteins for the ldl receptor pathway. Atherosclerotic patients show high levels of apo b in the blood while in the case of abetalipoproteinaemia they are not detectable in serum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apolipoproteins c
Lipoproteins located on the surface of vldl. They are transferred to hdl throughout the catabolism of vldl and affect lipoprotein lipase activity. A genetic lack of apo c-II results in hyperglyceridemia and low levels of hdl. Another form of hyperglyceridemia with normal apo c-II levels is caused by a high concentration of apo c-III in vldl. ... (12 …

apolipoproteins e
Prominent protein constituents of plasma vldl, chylomicrons, and a subfraction of hdl as well as of remnant lipoproteins which are derived from the lipoprotein lipase-mediated intravascular catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins e are recognised by the ldl receptor and apo e receptor. Any defect in the apo e metabolism leads …

apollo
A deity among the Greeks and Romans. He was the god of light and day (the 'sun god'), of archery, prophecy, medicine, poetry, and music, etc, and was represented as the model of manly grace and beauty; called also Phebus. The Apollo Belvedere, a celebrated statue of Apollo in the Belvedere gallery of the Vatican palace at Rome, esteemed of the nobl …

apologize
1. To make an apology or defense. ... 2. To make an apology or excuse; to make acknowledgment of some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends; with for; as, my correspondent apologized for not answering my letter. 'To apologize for his insolent language.' (Froude) ... Origin: Cf. F. Apologiser. ... Source: Websters Diction …

apomict
<plant biology> A plant that produces viable seed without fertilization. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

apomixia
Synonym: parthenogenesis. ... Origin: G. Apo, from, + mixis, a mingling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apomixis
<plant biology> In general, reproducing without sexual reproduction, often used to denote seed production without a sexual process having been involved. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

apomorphine hydrochloride
C17H17NO2-HC1;a derivative of morphine used as an emetic by the parenteral route of administration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurectomy
<procedure> Excision of an aponeurosis. ... Origin: aponeurosis + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurorrhaphy
Synonym: fasciorrhaphy. ... Origin: aponeurosis + G. Rhaphe, suture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurosis epicranialis
Synonym for epicranial aponeurosis ... The aponeurosis or intermediate tendon connecting the frontalis and occipitalis muscles to form the epicranius. ... Synonym: aponeurosis epicranialis, galea aponeurotica, galea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurosis linguae
Synonym for lingual aponeurosis ... The thickened lamina propria of the tongue to which the lingual muscles attach. ... Synonym: aponeurosis linguae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurosis of insertion
A tendinous sheet serving for the insertion of a broad muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurosis of investment
A fibrous membrane covering and keeping in place a muscle or group of muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurosis of origin
A tendinous expansion serving as the attachment of origin of a broad muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurosis of vastus muscles
See: patellar retinaculum, medial patellar retinaculum, lateral patellar retinaculum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurosis palatina
Synonym for palatine aponeurosis ... The expanded tendons of the tensor veli palatini muscles in the anterior two-thirds of the soft palate to which the other palatine muscles attach. ... Synonym: aponeurosis palatina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurosis palmaris
Synonym for palmar aponeurosis ... The thickened, central portion of the fascia ensheathing the hand; it radiates toward the bases of the fingers from the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle. ... Synonym: aponeurosis palmaris, Dupuytren's fascia, palmar fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurosis pharyngea
Synonym for pharyngobasilar fascia ... The fibrous coat of the pharyngeal wall situated between the mucous and muscular coats; it is attached above to the basilar part of the occipital bone, and the petrous part of the temporal bone. This layer and the mucosa which lines it forms the wall of the non-muscular pharynx (pharyngeal vault) above the supe …

aponeurosis plantaris
Synonym for plantar aponeurosis ... The very thick, central portion of the fascia investing the plantar muscles; it radiates toward the toes from the medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity and gives attachment to the short flexor muscle of the toes. ... Synonym: aponeurosis plantaris, plantar fascia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurositis
Inflammation of an aponeurosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurotic fibroma
<tumour> A calcifying recurrent non-metastasizing but infiltrating fibroma seen most frequently on the palms of young people as a small firm nodule not attached to the overlying skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurotic reflex
Plantar flexion of the foot and toes elicited by tapping the sole near its outer edge; has the same significance as the Rossolimo toe flexion reflex Also called Guillain-Barre, Weingrow's, or sole tap reflex. ... Synonym: Guillain-Barre reflex, sole tap reflex, Weingrow's reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponeurotome
Instrument for dividing an aponeurosis. ... Origin: aponeurosis + G. Tome, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aponitrite reductase
<enzyme> Translocated to the periplasm of paracoccus denitrificans in the absence of haem incorporation ... Registry number: EC 1.6.6.- ... Synonym: apocytochrome cd1, apocytochrome cd(1) ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

apopathetic
Denoting a form of behaviour in which one conspicuously alters his conduct in the presence of other people. ... Origin: G. Apo, away, + pathetikos, relating to the feelings ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apophylaxis
A diminution of the phylactic power of the body fluids, as sometimes observed in the negative phase of therapy with immunizing agents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apophysary
Synonym for apophysial ... Apophyseal ... Relating to or resembling an apophysis. ... Synonym: apophysary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apophysial
Apophyseal ... Relating to or resembling an apophysis. ... Synonym: apophysary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apophysial fracture
Separation of apophysis from bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apophysial point
Synonym for subnasal point ... The centre of the root of the anterior nasal spine. ... Synonym: apophysary point, apophysial point, spinal point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apophysis conchae
Synonym for eminence of concha ... The prominence on the cranial surface of the auricle corresponding to the concha. ... Synonym: eminentia conchae, apophysis conchae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apophysis helicis
Synonym for spine of helix ... An anteriorly directed spine at the extremity of the crus of the helix of the auricle. ... Synonym: spina helicis, apophysis helicis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apophysitis
Inflammation of any apophysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apophysitis tibialis adolescentium
Synonym for osgood-schlatter disease ... <disease> A common knee disorder in teenage boys, results from the chronic avulsion of the tibial tubercle, a bony prominence on the tibia. ... Symptoms include knee pain with range of motion, especially against resistance. Knee pain is often worse after prolonged physical activity. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

apoplasmia
A decrease in the amount of blood plasma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apoplast
<plant biology> Since the protoplasts of cells in a plant are connected through plasmodesmata, plants may be described as having two major compartments: the apoplast, which is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, xylem vessels etc., through which water and solutes passes freely and the symplast, the total cytoplasmic compa …

apoplectic
Relating to, suffering from, or predisposed to apoplexy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apoplectic cyst
A pseudocyst formed of extravasated blood as in a stroke. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apoplectic retinitis
An obsolete term for the appearance of the retina after occlusion of the central retinal vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apoplectiform
Resembling apoplexy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apoplexy
<clinical sign, neurology> Haemorrhage into the brain. A stroke. It is usually associated with loss of consciousness and paralysis of various parts of the body. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

apoprotein
<protein> When a protein can exist as a complex between polypeptide and a second moiety of nonpolypeptide nature, the term apo protein is sometimes used to refer to the molecule divested of the latter. For example: ferritin lacking its ferric hydroxide core may be referred to as apoferritin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apoprotein B100
Synonym for apolipoprotein B-100 ... <biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in LDL, VLDL, and IDL. The ligand for the LDL receptor; absent in certain types of abetalipoproteinaemia. ... Apolipoproteins are proteins on the surface of the lipoprotein complex that bind to specific enzymes or transport proteins across the cell membrane. ... The norm …

apoprotein CII
Synonym for apolipoprotein C-II ... <biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons; an activator of lipoprotein lipase; a deficiency will result in accumulation of chylomicrons and triacylglycerols. ... Apolipoproteins are proteins on the surface of the lipoprotein complex that bind to specific enzymes or transport protei …

apoptosis
<cell biology> Programmed cell death as signalled by the nuclei in normally functioning human and animal cells when age or state of cell health and condition dictates. ... An active process requiring metabolic activity by the dying cell, often characterised by cleavage of the DNA into fragments that give a so called laddering pattern on gels.< …

aporepressor
Synonym for inactive repressor ... A repressor that cannot combine with an operator gene until it has combined with a corepressor (usually a product of a protein pathway); after activation, the repressor arrests production of the proteins controlled by the operator gene; a homeostatic mechanism for regulation of repressible enzyme systems. ... Synony …

aporia
Doubt, especially deriving from incompatible views on the same subject. ... Origin: G. Aporia, difficulty, doubt ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aporioneurosis
An obsolete term for anxiety neurosis. ... Origin: G. Aporia, difficulty, doubt, + neurosis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aporosa
<zoology> A group of corals in which the coral is not porous; opposed to Perforata. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

aposome
A cytoplasmic inclusion produced by the cell itself. ... Origin: G. Apo, from, + soma, body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apostaxis
Slight haemorrhage, or bleeding by drops. ... Origin: G. A trickling down ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aposteme
<medicine> An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter. [Written corruptly imposthume]. ... Origin: L. Apostema, Gr. The separation of corrupt matter into an ulcer, fr. To stand off: cf. F. Aposteme. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

aposthia
Congenital absence of the prepuce. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + posthe, foreskin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apostilb
A unit of brightness equal to 0.1 millilambert. ... Origin: G. Apo, from + stilbe, lamp ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apothanasia
Postponement of death; prolongation of life, as opposed to euthanasia. ... Origin: G. Apo, away, + thanatos, death ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apothecaries' weight
An obsolescent system of weights based upon the weight of a grain of wheat. Has been used for centuries in weighing medicines and precious metals (Troy measure). Some drugs which have been available for long periods are still often designated as grains (e.g., 5 grains of aspirin, 1/2 grain of codeine, 1/100 grain nitroglycerin). This weight system …

apothecary
One who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for medicinal purposes. ... In England an apothecary is one of a privileged class of practitioners a kind of sub-physician. The surgeon apothecary is the ordinary family medical attendant. One who sells drugs and makes up prescriptions is now commonly called in England a druggist or a pharmaceutical chem …

apotome
1. <mathematics> The difference between two quantities commensurable only in power, as between and 1, or between the diagonal and side of a square. ... 2. The remaining part of a whole tone after a smaller semitone has been deducted from it; a major semitone. ... Origin: Gr. A cutting off, fr. To cut off; from + to cut. ... Source: Websters Dict …

apoxesis
Synonym: subgingival curettage. ... Origin: G. Apo, away, + xeein, to scrape ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

appalachian region
A geographical area of the united states with no definite boundaries but comprising northeastern alabama, northwestern georgia, northwestern south carolina, western north carolina, eastern kentucky, eastern tennessee, western virginia, west virginia, western maryland, southwestern pennsylvania, southern ohio, and southern new york. ... (12 Dec 1998) …

appall
1. To make pale; to blanch. 'The answer that ye made to me, my dear, . . . Hath so appalled my countenance.' (Wyatt) ... 2. To weaken; to enfeeble; to reduce; as, an old appalled wight. 'Whine, of its own nature, will not congeal and freeze, only it will lose the strength, and become appalled in extremity of cold.' (Holland) ... 3. To depress or disc …

appanage
1. The portion of land assigned by a sovereign prince for the subsistence of his younger sons. ... 2. A dependency; a dependent territory. ... 3. That which belongs to one by custom or right; a natural adjunct or accompaniment. 'Wealth . . . The appanage of wit.' ... Origin: F. Apanage, fr. OF. Apaner to nourish, support, fr. LL. Apanare to furnish wi …

apparatus
Origin: L, from apparare, apparatum, to prepare; ad + prepare to make ready. ... 1. Things provided as means to some end. ... 2. Hence: A full collection or set of implements, or utensils, for a given duty, experimental or operative; any complex instrument or appliance, mechanical or chemical, for a specific action or operation; machinery; mechanism. …

apparatus digestorius
Synonym for digestive apparatus ... The digestive tract from the mouth to the anus with all its associated glands and organs. ... Synonym: apparatus digestorius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apparatus hyoideus
Synonym for hyoid apparatus ... <veterinary> A veterinary anatomy term for hyoid bones, a modified portion of the ancestral branchial skeleton consisting of an articulated chain of bones extending from the mastoid region of the skull on each side to the base of the tongue. ... In humans, it is reduced to a single bone, os hyoideum; in a typical …

apparatus lacrimalis
Synonym for lacrimal apparatus ... The tear-forming and tear-conducting system which includes the lacrimal glands, eyelid margins, conjunctival sac, and the tear drainage system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apparatus ligamentosus colli
Synonym for ligamentum nuchae ... A sagittal ligamentous band at the back of the neck, formed of thickened supraspinous ligaments; it extends from the external occipital protuberance to the posterior border of the foramen magnum, cranially, to the seventh cervical spinous process, caudally. ... Synonym: apparatus ligamentosus colli, nuchal ligament.< …

apparatus ligamentosus weitbrechti
Synonym for tectorial membrane ... A gelatinous membrane, attached to the bony spiral lamina, which overlies the hair cells within the cochlea of the inner ear. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apparatus respiratorius
Synonym for respiratory system ... The organs that are involved in breathing. These include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apparatus suspensorius lentis
Synonym for ciliary zonule ... A series of delicate meridional fibres arising from the inner surface of the orbiculus ciliaris that run in bundles between, and in a very thin layer over, the ciliary processes; at the inner border of the corona, the fibres diverge into two groups that are attached to the capsule on the anterior and posterior surfaces …

apparatus urogenitalis
Synonym for urogenital system ... The organs concerned in the production and excretion of urine, together with the organs of reproduction. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apparel
1. To make or get (something) ready; to prepare. ... 2. To furnish with apparatus; to equip; to fit out. 'Ships . . . Appareled to fight.' (Hayward) ... 3. To dress or clothe; to attire. 'They which are gorgeously appareled, and live delicately, are in kings' courts.' (Luke vii. 25) ... 4. To dress with external ornaments; to cover with something orna …

apparent
1. Manifest; obvious; evident; e.g., a clinically apparent infection. ... 2. Frequently used (confusingly) to mean 'seeming to be,' ostensible, pseudo-. ... Origin: L. Apparens, visible, fr. Appareo, to come in sight ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apparent viscosity
<physiology> This refers to the ratio of shear stress to shear rate in a fluid, this ratio is dependent on the rate of shear. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

apparition
1. The act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility. 'The sudden apparition of the Spaniards.' (Prescott) 'The apparition of Lawyer Clippurse occasioned much speculation in that portion of the world.' (Sir W. Scott) ... 2. The thing appearing; a visible object; a form. 'Which apparition, it seems, was you.' (Tatler) ... 3. An unexpected, wonderful …

appeal
1. An application for the removal of a cause or suit from an inferior to a superior judge or court for reexamination or review. The mode of proceeding by which such removal is effected. ... The right of appeal. ... An accusation; a process which formerly might be instituted by one private person against another for some heinous crime demanding punish …

appearance
1. The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye; as, his sudden appearance surprised me. ... 2. A thing seed; a phenomenon; a phase; an apparition; as, an appearance in the sky. ... 3. Personal presence; exhibition of the person; look; aspect; mien. 'And now am come to see . . . It thy appearance answer loud repor …

appellative
1. A common name, distinction from a proper name. A common name, or appellative, stands for a whole class, genus, or species of beings, or for universal ideas. Thus, tree is the name of all plants of a particular class; plant and vegetable are names of things that grow out of the earth. A proper name, on the other hand, stands for a single thing; a …

appendage
<anatomy> A structure arising from the surface or extending beyond the tip of another structure. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

appendages of eye
Synonym for accessory organs of the eye ... The eyelids, with lashes and eyebrows, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctival sac, and extrinsic muscles of the eyeball. ... Synonym: organa oculi accessoria, accessory organs, accessory visual apparatus, adnexa oculi, appendages of eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

appendages of skin
The hairs, nails, and sweat, sebaceous, and mammary glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

appendages of the foetus
Amnion, yolk sac, and the foetal (chorionic) part of the placenta together with the umbilical cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

appendalgia
An obsolete term for pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen in the region of the vermiform appendix. ... Origin: appendix + G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

appendant
1. Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; as, a seal appendant to a paper. 'As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is but reasonable we should suffer the appendant calamity.' (Jer. Taylor) ... 2. Appended by prescription, that is, a personal usage for a considerable time; said of a thing of inheritance belonging to another inheritance which …

appendectomy
<procedure, surgery> A surgical procedure which involves the removal of an inflamed appendix. ... This procedure may be performed through a conventional abdominal incision or using a laparoscope. In both approaches the patient is asleep under general anaesthesia. Convalescence in the hospital is 1 to 3 days. Typically much shorter if performed …

appendical
Synonym for appendiceal ... Relating to an appendix. ... Synonym: appendical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

appendiceal
Relating to an appendix. ... Synonym: appendical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

appendiceal abscess
An intraperitoneal abscess, usually in the right iliac fossa, resulting from extension of infection in acute appendicitis, especially with perforation of the appendix. ... Synonym: periappendiceal abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

appendicectasis
Ectasia of the appendix. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

appendicectomy
Synonym for appendectomy ... <procedure, surgery> A surgical procedure which involves the removal of an inflamed appendix. ... This procedure may be performed through a conventional abdominal incision or using a laparoscope. In both approaches the patient is asleep under general anaesthesia. Convalescence in the hospital is 1 to 3 days. Typical …

appendicism
Rarely used term for any chronic disease of the vermiform appendix, or a symptomatic uneasiness in that area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

appendicitis
<pathology> Inflammation (and usually infection) of the appendix, a finger-like projection of the first portion of the colon, that often causes right, lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever and loss of appetite. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

appendiclausis
An obsolete term for atrophy or obstruction of the appendix. ... Origin: appendix + L. Clausus, closed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...