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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


ardanesthesia
Synonym: thermoanesthesia. ... Origin: L. Ardor, heat, + G. An-priv. + aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ardent fever
A term sometimes applied to hyperpyrexia occurring in intermittent malarial fever. ... Synonym: heat apoplexy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ardent spirits
Brandy, whiskey, and other forms of distilled alcoholic liquors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ardor
Old term for a hot or burning sensation. ... Origin: L. Fire, heat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ARDS
Synonym for adult respiratory distress syndrome ... <chest medicine, syndrome> A clinical syndrome that includes pulmonary insufficiency. It is a descriptive term that is applied to a variety of diffuse infiltrative processes in the lung. ... Manifestations include severe shortness of breath, rapid breathing and arterial hypoxaemia (low oxygen) …

area
Origin: L. Area a broad piece of level gro. Cf. Are. ... 1. Any plane surface, as of the floor of a room or church, or of the ground within an inclosure; an open space in a building. 'The Alban lake . . . Looks like the area of some vast amphitheater.' (Addison) ... 2. The inclosed space on which a building stands. ... 3. The sunken space or court, gi …

area acustica
Synonym for acoustic area ... The floor of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle, extending medially to the limiting sulcus and overlying the cochlear and vestibular nuclei of the rhombencephalon. ... Synonym: area acustica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area centralis
Synonym for macula retinae ... An oval area of the sensory retina, 3 by 5 mm, temporal to the optic disk corresponding to the posterior pole of the eye; at its centre is the central fovea, which contains only retinal cones. ... Synonym: area centralis, macula lutea, macular area, punctum luteum, Soemmerring's spot, yellow spot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area cochleae
Synonym for cochlear area ... The area inferior to the transverse crest of the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus through which the filaments of the cochlear nerve pass to enter the cochlea; forms the base of the cone-shaped modiolus about which the cochlear canal spirals. ... See: base of modiolus. ... Synonym: area cochleae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area cribrosa papillae renalis
Synonym for cribriform area of the renal papilla ... The apex of a renal papilla pierced by 10 to 22 openings of the papillary ducts, the foramina papillaria. ... Synonym: area cribrosa papillae renalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area gastrica
Synonym for gastric area ... One of a number of small polygonal area's, 1-6 mm in diameter, separated by linear depressions on the surface of the mucous membrane of the stomach; they contain the gastric pits, with several gastric glands opening into each pit. ... Synonym: area gastrica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area health education centres
Education centres authorised by the comprehensive health manpower training act, 1971, for the training of health personnel in areas where health needs are the greatest. May be used for centres other than those established by the united states act. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

area nervi facialis
Synonym for area of facial nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The area in the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus superior to the transverse crest through which the facial nerve passes to enter the facial canal. ... Synonym: area nervi facialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area nuda hepatis
Synonym for bare area of liver ... The area on the posterior surface of the liver which is fused with the diaphragm and therefore not covered by peritoneum. ... Synonym: area nuda hepatis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area of cardiac dullness
A triangular area determined by percussion of the front of the chest; it corresponds to the part of the heart that is not covered by lung tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area of facial nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The area in the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus superior to the transverse crest through which the facial nerve passes to enter the facial canal. ... Synonym: area nervi facialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area opaca
The peripheral area of the blastoderm of birds and reptiles which is opaque because of adherent yolk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area parolfactoria
Synonym for parolfactory area ... A small region of cerebral cortex on the medial surface of the frontal lobe, formed by the junction of the straight gyrus with the cingulate gyrus, demarcated from the subcallosal gyrus by the posterior parolfactory sulcus. ... Synonym: area parolfactoria, Broca's parolfactory area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area pellucida
The translucent central part of the blastoderm of birds and reptiles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area postrema
A small, elevated area in the lateral wall of the inferior recess of the fourth ventricle; one of the few loci in the brain where the blood-brain barrier is lacking; a chemoreceptor area associated with vomiting. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area subcallosa
Synonym for subcallosal gyrus ... A slender vertical whitish band immediately anterior to the lamina terminalis and anterior commissure; contrary to its name, it is not a cortical convolution but is the ventral continuation of the transparent septum. ... Synonym: area subcallosa, gyrus paraterminalis, gyrus subcallosus, pedunculus corporis callosi, c …

area under curve
A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the auc from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a s …

area under the curve
A measure of how much of a drug reaches the bloodstream in a set period of time, usually 24 hours. AUC is calculated by plotting drug blood concentration at various times during a 24-hour or longer period and then measuring the area under the curve between 0 and 24 hours as shown in the figure to the right. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

area vasculosa
The part of the area opaca of the embryonic blastoderm of the chick, where the first blood vessels appear. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area vestibularis inferior
Synonym for inferior vestibular area ... The area of the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus inferior to the transverse crest through which the interior portion of the vestibular (saccular) nerve passes. ... Synonym: area vestibularis inferior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

area vestibularis superior
Synonym for superior vestibular area ... The area in the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus superior to the transverse crest through which the superior part of the vestibular nerve passes to reach the macula utriculus and the ampullae of the anterior and lateral semicircular ducts. ... Synonym: area vestibularis superior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

areal cover
<botany, ecology> A measure of dominance that defines the degree to which above ground portions of plants cover the ground surface, it is possible for the total areal cover for all strata combined in a community or for single stratum to exceed 100 percent because: most plant communities consist of two or more vegetative strata. ... Areal cover …

areata
Occurring in patches or circumscribed areas. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arecaidine
1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methylnicotinic acid;a crystalline alkaloid resembling betaine, derived from the betel nut. ... Synonym: arecaine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arecaine
Synonym for arecaidine ... 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methylnicotinic acid;a crystalline alkaloid resembling betaine, derived from the betel nut. ... Synonym: arecaine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arecoline
<chemical> An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetycholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in th …

areflexia
Absence of reflexes. ... Detrusor areflexia, a failure of the detrusor muscle to have a reflex contraction even though the bladder has reached or exceeded its capacity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arena
Origin: L. Arena, harena, sand, a sandy place. ... 1. The area in the central part of an amphitheater, in which the gladiators fought and other shows were exhibited; so called because it was covered with sand. ... 2. Any place of public contest or exertion; any sphere of action; as, the arenaof debate; the arena of life. ... 3. <medicine> 'Sand' …

arenaceous
Sandy; of sand-like consistency. ... Origin: L. Arena, sand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arenaviridae
<virology> Family of ssRNA viruses including Lassa virus, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and the Tacaribe group of viruses, not all require arthropods for transmission, despite their inclusion in the arbovirus group. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

arenaviridae infections
Virus diseases caused by the arenaviridae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arenavirus
The only genus in the family arenaviridae. It contains two groups lcm-lassa complex viruses and tacaribe complex viruses, which are distinguished by antigenic relationships and geographic distribution. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

areola
<anatomy> The circular field of dark coloured skin surrounding the nipple. ... (14 May 1997) ...

areola mammae
Synonym for areola of nipple ... A circular pigmented area surrounding the nipple or papilla mammae; its surface is dotted with little projections due to the presence of areolar glands beneath. ... Synonym: areola mammae, areola papillaris, areola. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

areola of nipple
A circular pigmented area surrounding the nipple or papilla mammae; its surface is dotted with little projections due to the presence of areolar glands beneath. ... Synonym: areola mammae, areola papillaris, areola. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

areola papillaris
Synonym for areola of nipple ... A circular pigmented area surrounding the nipple or papilla mammae; its surface is dotted with little projections due to the presence of areolar glands beneath. ... Synonym: areola mammae, areola papillaris, areola. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

areola umbilicus
A pigmented ring around the umbilicus in the pregnant woman. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

areolar choroiditis
Inflammation of the choroid, with prominent pigment proliferation occurring first in the macular region and then more peripherally. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

areolar choroidopathy
A slowly progressive pigmentary degeneration in young persons; characterised by black foci closely set together and coalescent at the posterior pole and macular region. ... Synonym: central areolar choroidal atrophy, central areolar choroidal sclerosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

areolar gland abscess
An abscess or growth on the areolar gland (located beneath the areola) in the breast. most often perceived as a tender, painful lump that may drain pus. Incision and drainage is often required. The early application of warm wet compresses and antibiotics can be helpful in avoiding large abscess formation. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

areolar glands
A number of small mammary glands forming small rounded projections from the surface of the areola of the breast; they enlarge with pregnancy and during lactation secrete a substance presumed to resist chapping. ... Synonym: glandulae areolares, Montgomery's follicles, Montgomery's glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

areolar tissue
Loose, irregularly arranged connective tissue that consists of collagenous and elastic fibres, a protein polysaccharide ground substance, and connective tissue cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and sometimes fat cells, plasma cells, leukocytes, and pigment cells). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

areole
A space between the threads of a net, in the family Cactaceae, a cluster of hairs/spines/bristles borne at the node of a leafless stem, in Mimosaceae (for example), a distinct, oblong or elliptical area on the face of a seed, bounded by a fine line. Adj. Areolate. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

areolus
The diminuitive of the Latin area meaning a little space or park. The areolus of the breast is the small darkened area around the nipple. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aretology
<study> That part of moral philosophy which treats of virtue, its nature, and the means of attaining to it. ... Origin: Gr.; virtue + discourse, to speak: cf. F. Aretologie. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

ARF
<abbreviation> Acute respiratory failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arg
<oncogene> Oncogene, related to abl, that encodes a tyrosine kinase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Argas
A genus of soft ticks of the family Argasidae, some species of which usually infest birds but may attack man. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Argas persicus
The abode, fowl, or Persian tick, a species that is a bloodsucking parasite of poultry; it transmits fowl spirochetosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Argas reflexus
The pigeon tick, a species that may cause a cutaneous inflammatory lesion in man. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argasid
Common name for members of the family Argasidae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Argasidae
Family of ticks (superfamily Ixodoidea, order Acarina), the soft ticks, so called because of their wrinkled, leathery, tuberculated appearance that fills out when the tick is engorged with blood. A dorsal shield (scutum) is not present; the mouthparts (capitulum) are subterminal or ventral in a depression (camerostome) that extends above the capitu …

argentaffin
Pertaining to cells or tissue elements that reduce silver ions in solution, thereby becoming stained brown or black. ... Origin: L. Argentum, silver, + affinitas, affinity ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argentaffin cell
So called because they will form cytoplasmic deposits of metallic silver from silver salts. Their characteristic histochemical behaviour arises from 5 HT, which they secrete. Found chiefly in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract (though possibly of neural crest origin) their function is rather obscure, although there is a widely distributed …

argentaffin cells
Cell's that contain granules which precipitate silver from an ammoniacal silver nitrate solution. ... See: enteroendocrine cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argentaffin granules
Granule's that reduce silver ions from an ammoniacal silver nitrate staining solution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argentaffinoma
<oncology, tumour> A tumour which secretes excessive amounts of the hormone serotonin. The clinical result is carcinoid syndrome. These tumours may grow anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs) with approximately 90% in the appendix. The remainder occur in the ileum, stomach, colon or rectum. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

argentation
Impregnation with a silver salt. ... See: argyria. ... Origin: L. Argentum, silver ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argentine
1. <chemical> A siliceous variety of calcite, or carbonate of lime, having a silvery-white, pearly luster, and a waving or curved lamellar structure. ... 2. White metal coated with silver. ... 3. <zoology> A fish of Europe (Maurolicus Pennantii) with silvery scales. The name is also applied to various fishes of the genus Argentina. ... 4. …

Argentine haemorrhagic fever virus
A member of the Arenaviridae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Argentinean haemorrhagic fever
A form of haemorrhagic fever observed in South America, seemingly transmitted by contact from rodents to man and caused by the Junin virus, a member of the family Arenaviridae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argentophil
Synonym for argyrophil ... <pathology> Pertaining to tissue elements that are capable of impregnation with silver ions and being made visible after an external reducing agent is used. ... Synonym: argentophil, argentophile. ... Origin: G. Argyros, silver, + philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argentum
Synonym: silver. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arginase
<enzyme> A ureahydrolase that catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine and canavanine to yield l-ornithine and urea. ... Chemical name: L-Arginine amidinohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.5.3.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arginase deficiency
<biochemistry> Arginase is the fifth enzyme of the urea cycle and catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea as the final step in the detoxification of ammonia. ... Deficiency of the enzyme results in hyperargininaemia and episodic hyperammonaemia, leading to moderate to severe mental retardation and spasticity. at least two is …

arginine
<amino acid> An essential amino acid, a major component of proteins and contains the guanido group that has a pKa of greater than 12, so that it carries a permanent positive charge at physiological pH. It becomes an essential amino acid when the body is under stress or is in an injured state. ... Depressed growth results from lack of dietary a …

arginine 2-monooxygenase
<enzyme> Catalyses oxidative decarboxylation or arginine to form gamma-guanidinobutyramide (4-guanidinobutanamide) ... Registry number: EC 1.13.12.1 ... Synonym: arginine decarboxyoxidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arginine amidase
Synonym for arginase ... <enzyme> A ureahydrolase that catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine and canavanine to yield l-ornithine and urea. ... Chemical name: L-Arginine amidinohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.5.3.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arginine deiminase
<enzyme> Arginine converted to citrulline + nh3; consider also protein-arginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.15) ... Registry number: EC 3.5.3.6 ... Synonym: arginine dihydrolase, arginine converting enzyme, arginine iminohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arginine dihydrolase
Synonym for arginine deiminase ... <enzyme> Arginine converted to citrulline + nh3; consider also protein-arginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.15) ... Registry number: EC 3.5.3.6 ... Synonym: arginine dihydrolase, arginine converting enzyme, arginine iminohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arginine endopeptidase
<enzyme> Cleaves arginine at the carboxyl side in a peptide chain ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... Synonym: arginyl endopeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arginine esterase
<enzyme> Probably refers to an aspect of a proteinase; also index to specific proteinase class ... Registry number: EC 3.1.- ... Synonym: me-1,arginine ester hydrolase, me-2, me 1,me 2, arginine esterase a, esterase e-ii, esterase a ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arginine glutamate
A compound composed of arginine and glutamic acid, given intravenously to detoxify ammonia; used in the treatment of ammoniaemia resulting from liver dysfunction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arginine hydrochloride
A form of arginine used for intravenous administration as an adjunct in the treatment of encephalopathies associated with liver diseases and ammoniacal azotemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arginine iminohydrolase
Synonym for arginine deiminase ... <enzyme> Arginine converted to citrulline + nh3; consider also protein-arginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.15) ... Registry number: EC 3.5.3.6 ... Synonym: arginine dihydrolase, arginine converting enzyme, arginine iminohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arginine kinase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of the guanidine nitrogen of arginine in the presence of ATP and a divalent cation with formation of phosphorylarginine and ADP. ... Chemical name: ATP:L-arginine N-phosphotransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.3.3 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arginine oxidase
<enzyme> Catalyses the oxidative deamination from arginine to 2-ketoarginine ... Registry number: EC 1.4.3.- ... Synonym: arginine dehydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arginine phosphate
Synonym for phosphoarginine ... A compound (in particular, a phosphagen) of l-arginine with phosphoric acid containing the phosphoamide bond; a source of energy in the contraction of muscle in invertebrates, corresponding to phosphocreatine in the muscles of vertebrates. ... Compare: phosphocreatine. ... Synonym: arginine phosphate. ... (05 Mar 2000)
arginine succinyltransferase
<enzyme> Pseudomonas (burkholderia) cepacia enzyme; forms n(2)-succinylarginine; in pseudomonas aeruginosa enzyme uses either arginine or ornithine as acceptor ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: orn-st, ornithine succinyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arginine vasopressin
[8-arginine]vasopressin; [Arg8]vasopressin;vasopressin containing an arginyl residue in position 8 (as in chickens and most mammals, including man); porcine vasopressin has a lysyl residue at position 8. All are vasopressors. ... Synonym: argipressin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arginine vasotocin
Vasotocin with arginyl residue at position 8 (identical with arginine oxytocin). ... See: arginine vasopressin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arginine-tRNA ligase
<enzyme> An enzyme that activates arginine with its specific transfer RNA. ... Chemical name: L-Arginine:tRNA(Arg)ligase (AMP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.1.1.19 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

argininosuccinase
Synonym for argininosuccinate lyase ... <enzyme> An enzyme of the urea cycle which splits argininosuccinate to fumarate plus arginine. Its absence leads to the metabolic disease argininosuccinic acidemia in man. ... Chemical name: N-(L-Argininosuccinate) arginine-lyase ... Registry number: EC 4.3.2.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

argininosuccinate lyase
<enzyme> An enzyme of the urea cycle which splits argininosuccinate to fumarate plus arginine. Its absence leads to the metabolic disease argininosuccinic acidemia in man. ... Chemical name: N-(L-Argininosuccinate) arginine-lyase ... Registry number: EC 4.3.2.1 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

argininosuccinate synthase
<enzyme> An enzyme of the urea cycle that catalyses the formation of argininosuccinic acid from citrulline and aspartic acid in the presence of ATP. Absence or defect of this enzyme causes the metabolic disease citrullinaemia in man. ... Chemical name: L-Citrulline:L-aspartate ligase (AMP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.3.4.5 ... (12 Dec 1998 …

argininosuccinic acid
<chemical> This amino acid is formed during the urea cycle from citrulline, aspartate and ATP. This reaction is catalyzed by argininosuccinic acid synthetase. ... Chemical name: L-Aspartic acid, N-(((4-amino-4-carboxybutyl)amino)iminomethyl)-, (S)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

argininosuccinic aciduria
<biochemistry> Argininosuccinic aciduria, an autosomal recessive defect of the urea cycle, is due to deficiency of argininosuccinate lyase (argininosuccinase), which catalyses the hydrolysis of argininosuccinic acid to arginine and fumaric acid. ... It is characterised by excessive urinary excretion of argininosuccinic acid, epilepsy, ataxia, …

arginyl
The aminoacyl radical of arginine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arginyllysine esteropeptidase
<enzyme> Cleaves peptides at arg-lys bond; converts somatostatin 28 into somatostatin 14 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.22.- ... Synonym: arg-lys esteropeptidase, arginyl-lysyl-esteropeptidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

argipressin
<chemical> Cys-tyr-phe-gln-asn-cys-pro-arg-gly-nh2, cyclic 1-6 disulfide. The usual mammalian antidiuretic hormone, it is a cyclic nonapeptide with arginine in position 8 of the chain. Argipressin is used to treat diabetes insipidus and as haemostatic because of its vasoconstrictor action. ... Pharmacological action: haemostatics, renal agents …

argo
1. The name of the ship which carried Jason and his fifty-four companions to Colchis, in quest of the Golden Fleece. ... 2. <astronomy> A large constellation in the southern hemisphere, called also Argo Navis. In modern astronomy it is replaced by its three divisions, Carina, Puppis, and Vela. ... Origin: L. Argo, Gr. ... Source: Websters Dictio …

argonauta
<zoology> A genus of Cephalopoda. The shell is called paper nautilus or paper sailor. ... The animal has much resemblance to an Octopus. It has eight arms, two of which are expanded at the end and clasp the shell, but are never elevated in the air for sails as was formerly supposed. The creature swims beneath the surface by means of a jet of w …

Argonz
J., Argentinian physician. ... See: Argonz-Del Castillo syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Argonz-Del Castillo syndrome
Synonym for Ahumada-Del Castillo syndrome ... <syndrome> Unphysiological lactation and amenorrhoea not following pregnancy characterised by hyperprolactinaemia and a pituitary adenoma. ... Synonym: Argonz-Del Castillo syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argument
1. Proof; evidence. 'There is. No more palpable and convincing argument of the existence of a Deity.' (Ray) 'Why, then, is it made a badge of wit and an argument of parts for a man to commence atheist, and to cast off all belief of providence, all awe and reverence for religion?' (South) ... 2. A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce belief, …