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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

apical foramen of tooth
The opening at the apex of the root of a tooth that gives passage to the nerve and blood vessels. ... Synonym: foramen apicis dentis, apical dental foramen, root foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apical gland
Synonym for anterior lingual gland ... One of the small mixed glands deeply placed near the apex of the tongue on each side of the frenulum. ... Synonym: glandula lingualis anterior, apical gland, Bauhin's gland, Blandin's gland, Nuhn's gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apical granuloma
Synonym for periapical granuloma ... Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation of periapical tissue resulting from irritation following pulp disease or endodontic treatment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apical infection
Implantation of microorganisms at the apex of a tooth, usually the result of the migration of microorganisms from the pulp canal through the apical foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apical interstitial lung disease
<radiology> A radiological diagnosis where fibrosis is seen in the apices (upper sections) of the lungs. ... Likely causes include: cystic fibrosis, ankylosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis, silicosis, eosinophlic granuloma, TB and fungus, particularly aspergillus infection. ... (25 Jun 1999) ...

apical ligament of dens
A ligament that extends from the apex of the dens of the axis to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum; includes vestiges of notochord. ... Synonym: ligamentum apicis dentis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apical lordotic projection
Synonym for backprojection ... In computed tomography or other imaging techniques requiring reconstruction from multiple projections, an algorithm for calculating the contribution of each voxel of the structure to the measured ray data, in order to generate an image; the oldest and simplest method of image reconstruction. ... Synonym: apical lordotic …

apical meristem
<plant biology> The meristem at the tips of stems and roots. Composed of undifferentiated cells, many of which divide to add to the plant body but the central mass (the quiescent centre) remains inert and only becomes active if the meristem is damaged. ... Synonym: eumeristem. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apical periodontal cyst
An inflammatory odontogenic cyst derived histogenetically from Malassez' epithelial rests surrounding the root apex of a nonvital tooth. ... Synonym: periapical cyst, radicular cyst, root end cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apical periodontitis
Inflammation of the periodontal ligament surrounding the root apex of a tooth; usually a consequence of pulpal inflammation or necrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apical plasma membrane
<cell biology> The term used for the cell membrane on the apical (inner or upper) surface of transporting epithelial cells. ... This region of the cell membrane is separated, in vertebrates, from the baso lateral membrane by a ring of tight junctions that prevents free mixing of membrane proteins from these two domains. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apical process
The dendritic process extending from the apex of a pyramidal cell of the cerebral cortex toward the surface. ... Synonym: apical dendrite. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apical segment
Apical segment of the superior lobe of the right lung, apical segment of the inferior lobe of the right and left lungs. ... Synonym: segmentum superius. ... Synonym: segmentum superius, segmentum apicale, superior segment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apical space
The space between the alveolar wall and the apex of the root of a tooth where an alveolar abscess usually has its origin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apical-aortic conduit
A valved conduit between the LV apex and aorta, used to treat severe otherwise unapproachable LV outflow tract obstruction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicalis
Synonym: apical, apical. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicectomy
1. <procedure> Opening and exenteration of air cells in the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone. ... 2. In dental surgery, an obsolete synonym for apicoectomy. ... Origin: L. Apex, summit or tip, + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apiceotomy
Synonym for apicotomy ... <procedure> Incision into an apical structure. ... Synonym: apiceotomy. ... Origin: apico-+ G. Tome, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apices
Plural of apex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicitis
Inflammation of the apex of a structure or organ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apico-
An apex; apical ... Origin: L. Apex, apicis a summit or a tip + -o- ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicoectomy
<procedure> Excision of the apical portion of a tooth through an opening made in the overlying labial, buccal, or palatal alveolar bone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apicolocator
A device for locating the root apex of a tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicolysis
Surgical collapse of the upper portion of the lung by the operative detachment of the parietal pleura allowing a medial displacement of the pulmonary apex. ... Origin: apico-+ G. Lysis, destruction ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicomplexa
A phylum of protozoa characterised by the presence of complex apical organelles generally consisting of a conoid that aids in penetrating host cells, rhoptries that possibly secrete a proteolytic enzyme, and subpellicular microtubules that may be related to motility. The phylum comprises two classes: perkinsea and sporozoea. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apicoposterior artery
<anatomy, artery> A pulmonary artery branch to the apicoposterior segment of the upper lobe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicoposterior segment
Apicoposterior segment of superior lobe of left lung, composed of two segments and wedged between the anterior segment of the upper lobe and the oblique fissure. ... Synonym: segmentum apicoposterius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicostome
The trocar and cannula used in apicostomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicostomy
<procedure> An operation in which the labial or buccal alveolar plate is perforated with a trocar and cannula; done to reach the root apex and to take bacterial cultures from this area. ... Origin: apico-+ G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicotomy
<procedure> Incision into an apical structure. ... Synonym: apiceotomy. ... Origin: apico-+ G. Tome, a cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apiculate
Terminating in a short, sharp, flexible point. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

apiculum
A short, abrupt, flexible point, adj. Apiculate. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

apiculus
A short, sharp projection on one end of a fungus spore at the point of attachment, or on the wall, of a hypha or condiophore. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apicurettage
Apical curettage after removal of an infected tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apidaecins
<protein> Proline rich basic antibacterial peptides (2 kD) found in the immune haemolymph of the honeybee. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apiin synthetase
<enzyme> Transfers d-apiose from udpapiose to 4',5-dihydroxyflavon-7-yl beta-d-glucopyranoside ... Registry number: EC 2.4.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

apinealism
Acquired absence of the pineal gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apiphobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of bees. ... Synonym: melissophobia. ... Origin: L. Apis, bee, + G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apituitarism
Total lack of functional pituitary tissue; may be iatrogenic (e.g., as a consequence of hypophysectomy) or the result of a spontaneous disease process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aplacental
Without a placenta; denoting the monotremes (which lay eggs and have no placenta) and the marsupials (which have a transitory simple yolk-sac placenta). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aplanatic
<microscopy> Corrected for spherical aberration and coma. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

aplanatic lens
A lens designed to correct spherical aberration and coma (q.v.). ... Synonym: periscopic meniscus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aplanatic points
<microscopy> The two conjugate points for which a completely spherical glass lens is aplanatic. They lie on the principal axis, both within the sphere. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

aplanatism
Freedom from spherical aberration; said of a lens. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + planetos, wandering ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aplasia
<embryology> A lack of development of an organ or tissue or of the cellular products from an organ or tissue. ... Compare: hypoplasia. ... Origin: Gr. Plassein = to form ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

aplasia cutis congenita
Congenital absence or deficiency of a localised area of skin, with the base of the defect covered by a thin translucent membrane; most often a single area near the vertex of the scalp, but may occur in other areas; underlying structures may also be affected; autosomal inheritance, either dominant or recessive. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aplastic
<pathology> Lacking in cell production, as in aplastic anaemia. ... Origin: Gr. Plassein = to form ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

aplastic anaemia
<haematology> This form of anaemia occurs when the bone marrow ceases sufficient red and white blood cell production. It may be induced by exposures to high levels of toxic chemicals, radiation and certain drugs. ... It is generally unresponsive to specific therapy, often accompanied by granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, in which the bone …

aplastic lymph
Lymph containing a relatively large number of leukocytes, but comparatively little fibrinogen; such lymph does not form a good clot and manifests only a slight tendency to become organised. ... Synonym: corpuscular lymph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apleuria
Congenital absence of one or more ribs; usually associated with absent transverse process or processes. ... Origin: a-priv. + G. Pleura, rib ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aplysia
<marine biology> Opisthobranch mollusc with reduced shell, favourite source of ganglia for neurophysiological study. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apnea
Synonym for apnoea ... <clinical sign> Cessation of breathing. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apneic
Related to or suffering from apnea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apneic oxygenation
Synonym for diffusion respiration ... Maintenance of oxygenation during apnea by intratracheal insufflation of oxygen at high flow rates. ... Synonym: apneic oxygenation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apneic pause
Cessation of air flow for more than 10 seconds. ... See: sleep apnea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apneumatosis
An obsolete term for congenital atelectasis. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + pneumatoo, to inflate, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apneumia
Congenital absence of the lungs. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + pneumon, lung ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apneusis
An abnormal respiratory pattern consisting of a pause at full inspiration; a prolonged inspiratory cramp caused by a lesion at the mid or caudal pontine level of the brainstem. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + pneusis, a breathing, fr. Pneo, to breathe ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apneustic
An obsolete term for apneusis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apneustic breathing
Pauses in the respiratory cycle at full inspiration, caused by damage of the respiratory control centres in the more caudal pons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apnoea
<clinical sign> Cessation of breathing. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apo-
Combining form meaning, usually, separated from or derived from. ... Origin: G. Apo, away from, off; apo-becomes ap-, especially before a vowel or h ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apoB 100
Synonym for apolipoprotein B-100 ... <biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in LDL, VLDL, and IDL. The ligand for the LDL receptor; absent in certain types of abetalipoproteinaemia. ... Apolipoproteins are proteins on the surface of the lipoprotein complex that bind to specific enzymes or transport proteins across the cell membrane. ... The norm …

apobiosis
Death, especially local death of a part of the organism. ... Origin: G. Death, fr. Apo, from, + biosis, life ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apocarpous
<plant biology> Of a gynoecium: consisting of two or more carpels which are free from one another or almost so. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

apocarteresis
Suicide by starvation. ... Origin: G. Apocartereo, to starve oneself to death ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apochromatic lens
A compound lens designed to correct both spherical and chromatic aberrations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apochromatic objective
<microscopy> A lens system whose secondary chromatic aberrations have been substantially reduced. ... It is designed to provide the same focal length for three wavelengths and freedom from spherical aberration for two wavelengths of light. The magnification can still vary with wavelength in which case a compensating eyepieces used to cancel th …

apoCII
Synonym for apolipoprotein C-II ... <biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons; an activator of lipoprotein lipase; a deficiency will result in accumulation of chylomicrons and triacylglycerols. ... Apolipoproteins are proteins on the surface of the lipoprotein complex that bind to specific enzymes or transport protei …

apocleisis
Aversion to food. ... Origin: G. Apo, away, + kleisis, closure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apocrine
<physiology> Form of secretion in which the apical portion of the cell is shed, as in the secretion of fat by cells of the mammary gland. The fat droplet is surrounded by apical plasma membrane and this has been used experimentally as a source of plasma membrane. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apocrine adenoma
Synonym for papillary hidradenoma ... <tumour> A solitary benign tumour occurring in women usually in the labia majora, cystic and papillary, and composed of epithelium resembling that of apocrine glands. ... Synonym: apocrine adenoma, hidradenoma papilliferum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apocrine carcinoma
<tumour> A carcinoma composed predominantly of cells with abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, occurring in the breast, a carcinoma of the apocrine glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apocrine gland
A gland whose secretory product includes an apical portion of the secretory cell such as the secretion of lipid droplets in lactation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apocrine glands
Large, branched, specialised sweat glands that empty into the upper portion of a hair follicle instead of directly onto the skin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apocrine metaplasia
Alteration of acinar epithelium of breast tissue to resemble apocrine sweat glands; seen commonly in fibrocystic disease of the breasts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apocrine miliaria
Synonym for fox-fordyce disease ... Chronic pruritic disease, usually in women, characterised by small follicular papular eruptions in apocrine areas. It is caused by obstruction and rupture of intraepidermal apocrine ducts. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apocrine sweat glands
Sudoriferous glands that develop in association with hair follicles and undergo enlargement and secretory development at puberty; they secrete a viscous and odourless sweat that supports the growth of bacteria leading to an acrid odour; secretion is by an eccrine, not apocrine, mechanism. ... Synonym: axillary sweat glands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apode
Origin: Gr, footless; priv. +, foot. ... <zoology> One of certain animals that have no feet or footlike organs; especially. One of certain fabulous birds which were said to have no feet. ... The bird of paradise formerly had the name Paradisea apoda, being supposed to have no feet, as these were wanting in the specimens first obtained from the …

apodemialgia
Wanderlust; longing to get away from home or to travel. ... Compare: nostalgia. ... Origin: G. Apodemia, being away from home, + algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apodia
Congenital absence of feet. ... Synonym: apody. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + pous, foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apody
Synonym for apodia ... Congenital absence of feet. ... Synonym: apody. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + pous, foot ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apoenzyme
<biochemistry> An enzyme without its cofactor. ... See: apoprotein. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apoferritin
<chemical> Chemical name: Ferritins, apo- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apogamia
Apogamy ... Synonym: parthenogenesis. ... Origin: G. Apo, away, + gameo, to wed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apogee
1. <astronomy> That point in the orbit of the moon which is at the greatest distance from the earth. ... Formerly, on the hypothesis that the earth is in the center of the system, this name was given to that point in the orbit of the sun, or of a planet, which was supposed to be at the greatest distance from the earth. ... 2. The farthest or hi …

apoinducer
A protein that binds to DNA to switch on transcription. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apolar bond
Synonym for hydrophobic interaction ... <chemistry> The attractive force between molecules due to the close positioning of non-hydrophilic portions of the two molecules. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

apolar cell
A neuron without processes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apolar interaction
Synonym for hydrophobic interaction ... <chemistry> The attractive force between molecules due to the close positioning of non-hydrophilic portions of the two molecules. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

apolipoprotein
<biochemistry, protein> The protein component of serum lipoproteins. Small proteins containing multiple copies of the kringle domain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apolipoprotein A-I
<biochemistry> The major protein component of high density lipoproteins. It is instrumental in promoting efflux of cholesterol from extrahepatic tissue to the liver where it is metabolised and excreted from the body. The compound is the activator of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase which forms cholesteryl esters in hdl. The gene for this …

apolipoprotein A-II
<biochemistry> A component of high density lipoproteins. It is instrumental in promoting efflux of cholesterol from extrahepatic tissue to the liver where it is metabolised and excreted from the body. This protein modulates the activation of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase in the presence of apolipoprotein A-I. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apolipoprotein A-IV
<biochemistry> An apolipoprotein secreted with chylomicrons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apolipoprotein B
<biochemistry> Apolipoproteins found in LDL, VLDL, and IDL. Elevated in the plasma of individuals with familial hyperlipoproteinaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apolipoprotein B-100
<biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in LDL, VLDL, and IDL. The ligand for the LDL receptor; absent in certain types of abetalipoproteinaemia. ... Apolipoproteins are proteins on the surface of the lipoprotein complex that bind to specific enzymes or transport proteins across the cell membrane. ... The normal range is 40 to 125 mg/dl. ... Elev …

apolipoprotein B-48
<biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants. Retained in intestine of individuals with chylomicron retention disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apolipoprotein C-I
<biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apolipoprotein C-II
<biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons; an activator of lipoprotein lipase; a deficiency will result in accumulation of chylomicrons and triacylglycerols. ... Apolipoproteins are proteins on the surface of the lipoprotein complex that bind to specific enzymes or transport proteins across the cell membrane. ... Ele …

apolipoprotein C-III
<biochemistry> An apolipoprotein found in VLDL, HDL, and chylomicrons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...