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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

antigens, protozoan
Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antigens, surface
Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antigens, t-independent
Antigens which may directly stimulate b lymphocytes without the cooperation of t lymphocytes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antigens, thy-1
A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antigens, viral
Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antigens, viral, tumour
Those proteins recognised by antibodies from serum of animals bearing tumours induced by viruses; these proteins are presumably coded for by the nucleic acids of the same viruses that caused the neoplastic transformation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antiglobulin test
Synonym for coombs' test ... Haemagglutination test in which coombs' reagent (antiglobulin, or anti-human globulin rabbit immune serum) is added to detect incomplete (non-agglutinating, univalent, blocking) antibodies coating erythrocytes. The direct test is applied to red cells which have been coated with antibody in vivo (e.g., in haemolytic disea …

antigonorrheic
Curative of gonorrhoea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antigravity
See: anti-G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antigravity muscles
The muscle's that maintain the posture characteristic of a given animal species. In most mammals they are the extensor muscle's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antigua
An island in the lesser antilles, one of the leeward islands. With barbuda and redonda, an uninhabited island, it constitutes the independent state of antigua and barbuda. Its capital is st. Johns. It was discovered by columbus in 1493, settled by the english in 1632, occupied by the french in 1666, returned to the british in 1667, became self-gove …

antihaemorrhagic
A compound that controls excessive, uncontrolled bleeding. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

antihelminthic
Synonym for anthelmintic ... <pharmacology> An agent that is destructive to worms and used for removing internal parasitic worms in animals and humans. ... Origin: Gr. Helmins = worm ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

antihemagglutinin
A substance (including antibody) that inhibits or prevents haemagglutination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antihemolysin
A substance (including antibody) that inhibits or prevents the effects of haemolysin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antihemolytic
Preventing haemolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antihemophilic factor A
Synonym for factor viii ... A coagulation (clotting) factor. Classic haemophilia (haemophilia A) is due to a congenital deficiency in the amount (or activity) of factor VIII. Factor VIII is also known as antihemophiliac factor (AHF) or antihemophiliac globulin (AHG). The gene for factor VIII (that for classic haemophilia) is on the X chromosome so f …

antihemophilic factor B
Synonym for factor ix ... <chemical> Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, ixa, forms a complex with factor viii and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor x to xa. Deficiency of factor ix results in christmas disease (haemophilia b). ... Chemical name: Blood-coagulation factor IX< …

antihemophilic globulin
Synonym for factor viii ... A coagulation (clotting) factor. Classic haemophilia (haemophilia A) is due to a congenital deficiency in the amount (or activity) of factor VIII. Factor VIII is also known as antihemophiliac factor (AHF) or antihemophiliac globulin (AHG). The gene for factor VIII (that for classic haemophilia) is on the X chromosome so f …

antihemophilic globulin A
Synonym for factor viii ... A coagulation (clotting) factor. Classic haemophilia (haemophilia A) is due to a congenital deficiency in the amount (or activity) of factor VIII. Factor VIII is also known as antihemophiliac factor (AHF) or antihemophiliac globulin (AHG). The gene for factor VIII (that for classic haemophilia) is on the X chromosome so f …

antihemophilic globulin B
Synonym for factor ix ... <chemical> Storage-stable blood coagulation factor acting in the intrinsic pathway. Its activated form, ixa, forms a complex with factor viii and calcium on platelet factor 3 to activate factor x to xa. Deficiency of factor ix results in christmas disease (haemophilia b). ... Chemical name: Blood-coagulation factor IX< …

antihemophilic plasma
Human plasma in which the labile antihemophilic globulin component, present in fresh plasma, has been preserved; it is used to temporarily relieve dysfunction of the haemostatic mechanism in haemophilia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antihemorrhagic factor
Synonym for vitamin K ... <biochemistry> A fat soluble vitamin that plays an important role in blood clotting. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

antihemorrhagic vitamin
Synonym for vitamin K ... <biochemistry> A fat soluble vitamin that plays an important role in blood clotting. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

antihidrotic
Synonym for antiperspirant ... 1. Having an inhibitory action upon the secretion of sweat. ... 2. An agent having such an action (e.g., aluminum chloride). ... Synonym: anhidrotic. ... Synonym: antihidrotic, antihydriotic, antisudorific. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antihistamine
<pharmacology> A drug that counteracts the action of histamine. The antihistamines are of two types. The conventional ones, as those used in allergies, block the H1 histamine receptors, whereas the others block the H2 receptors. ... Synonym: antihistaminic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

antihistamines
Drugs that combat the histamine released during an allergic reaction by blocking the action of the histamine on the tissue. Antihistamines do not stop the formation of histamine nor do they stop the conflict between the IgE and antigen. Therefore, antihistamines do not stop the allergic reaction but protect tissues from some of its effects. Antihis …

antihistaminic
1. Tending to neutralise or antagonise the action of histamine or to inhibit its production in the body. ... 2. An agent having such an effect, used to relieve the symptoms of allergy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antihormones
Substances demonstrable in serum that inhibit or prevent the usual effects of certain hormones, e.g., specific antibodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antihuman globulin
Serum from a rabbit or other animal previously immunised with purified human globulin to prepare antibodies directed against IgG and complement; used in the direct and indirect Coombs' tests. ... Synonym: Coombs' serum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antihydriotic
Synonym for antiperspirant ... 1. Having an inhibitory action upon the secretion of sweat. ... 2. An agent having such an action (e.g., aluminum chloride). ... Synonym: anhidrotic. ... Synonym: antihidrotic, antihydriotic, antisudorific. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antihypertensive
<cardiology, pharmacology> An agent that reduces high blood pressure. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

antihypertensive agents
Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic hypertension regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are diuretics (especially diuretics, thiazide), adrenergic beta-antagonists, adrenergic alpha-antagonists, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, ganglionic blockers, and vasodilator ag …

antihypotensive
Any measure or medication that tends to raise reduced blood pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antiketogenesis
Prevention or reduction of ketosis either by decreased production or increased utilization of ketone bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antiketogenic
Inhibiting the formation of ketone bodies, or accelerating their utilization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antilegomena
Certain books of the new Testament which were for a time not universally received, but which are now considered canonical. These are the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Epistles of James and Jude, the second Epistle of Peter, the second and third Epistles of John, and the Revelation. The undisputed books are called the Homologoumena. ... Origin: NL, fr. …

antileukocidin
1. A substance that inhibits or prevents the effects of leukocidin. ... 2. A leukocidin-specific antibody. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antileukoprotease
<chemical> Acid-stable proteinase inhibitor (elastase, cathepsin) against proteinases liberated from cervix mucus disintegrating leukocytes; from sputum in bronchial infections and from skin; amino acid sequence of skalp and elafin are identical ... Pharmacological action: serine proteinase inhibitors, antifungal agent ... Synonym: alp sputum, …

antileukotoxin
A substance (including antibody) that inhibits or prevents the effects of leukocytoxin; frequently regarded as synonymous with antileukocidin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antilewisite
Synonym for dimercaprol ... <chemical> 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol. An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine). It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning. ... Pharmacological action: antidotes, chelating agents. ... Chemical name: 1- …

antilipaemic agents
Substances that counteract high levels of lipids in the blood. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antilipotropic
Pertaining to substances depressing choline synthesis (e.g., by competing for methyl groups) and thus enhancing dietary fatty liver. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antilobium
Synonym: tragus. ... Origin: L., fr. G. Antilobion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antiluteogenic
Inhibiting the growth or hastening involution of the corpus luteum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antilymphocyte globulin
<protein> Antibodies which attach to and destroy lymphocytes. This may be used clinically by injection into a vein, for example in aplastic anaemia. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

antilymphocyte serum
Immunoglobulins raised xenogeneically against lymphocyte populations. Referring particularly to antisera recognising one or more antigenic determinants on T-cell populations. Of use in experimental immunosuppression. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

antilysin
An antibody that inhibits or prevents the effects of lysin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimalarial
1. Preventing or curing malaria. ... 2. A chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits or destroys malarial parasites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimalarials
Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antimanic agents
Agents that are used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antimer
Synonym for enantiomer ... <chemistry> A pair of chiral isomers (stereoisomers) that are direct, nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

antimere
1. A segment of an animal body formed by planes cutting the axis of the body at right angles. ... 2. One of the symmetrical parts of a bilateral organism. ... 3. The right or left half of the body. ... Origin: anti-+ G. Meros, a part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimesenteric
Pertaining to the part of the intestine that lies opposite the mesenteric attachment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimetabolite
<pharmacology> A group of anti-cancer drugs which prevent cells growing and dividing by blocking the chemical reactions required in the dividing by blocking the chemical reactions required in the cell to produce DNA. ... Drugs of this type include 6 mercaptopurine, azathioprine, thioguanine, methotrexate. ... See: chemotherapy. ... (13 Oct 1997) …

antimetabolites
Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antimetabolites, antineoplastic
Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antimetropia
A form of anisometropia in which one eye is myopic and the other hypermetropic. ... Origin: anti-+ G. Metron, measure, + ops, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimicrobial
<microbiology, pharmacology> A drug for killing microorganisms or suppressing their multiplication or growth. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

antimicrobial spectrum
See: spectrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimitotic
<pharmacology> A drug for inhibiting or preventing mitosis. ... Drugs that block mitosis, the term is often used of those which cause metaphase arrest such as colchicine and the vinca alkaloids. Many antitumour drugs are antimitotic, blocking proliferation rather than being cytotoxic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

antimongoloid
The condition in which the lateral portion of the palpebral fissure is lower than the medial portion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimonid
A chemical compound containing antimony in union with a more positive element; e.g., sodium antimonid, Na3Sb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimonous oxide
Synonym for antimony trioxide ... Sb2O3;used technically in paints and flame-proofing; also used as an expectorant and emetic. ... Synonym: antimonous oxide, antimony oxide, flowers of antimony. ... Abbreviation: Sb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimony
<chemistry, element> An elementary substance, resembling a metal in its appearance and physical properties, but in its chemical relations belonging to the class of nonmetallic substances. ... It is of tin-white colour, brittle, laminated or crystalline, fusible, and vaporizable at a rather low temperature. It is used in some metallic alloys, a …

antimony chloride
Synonym for antimony trichloride ... SbCl3;combines with vitamin A to form a blue compound and with beta-carotene to form a green one, as a method for assay of these substances; also used externally as a caustic. ... Synonym: antimony chloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimony dimercaptosuccinate
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid cyclic thioantimonate;an antiparasitic effective against Schistosoma mansoni and S. Haematobium. ... Synonym: stibocaptate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimony oxide
Synonym for antimony trioxide ... Sb2O3;used technically in paints and flame-proofing; also used as an expectorant and emetic. ... Synonym: antimonous oxide, antimony oxide, flowers of antimony. ... Abbreviation: Sb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimony potassium tartrate
<chemical> Bis(mu-(2,3-dihydroxybutanedioato(4-)-o(1),o(2):o(3),o(4)))diantimonate(2-) dipotassium trihydrate, stereoisomer. A schistosomicide possibly useful against other parasites. It has irritant emetic properties and may cause lethal cardiac toxicity among other adverse effects. ... Pharmacological action: schistosomicides. ... Chemical na …

antimony sodium gluconate
<chemical> Antimony complex where the metal may exist in either the pentavalent or trivalent states. The pentavalent gluconate is used in leishmaniasis. The trivalent gluconate is most frequently used in schistosomiasis. ... Pharmacological action: antiprotozoal agents, schistosomicides. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antimony sodium tartrate
Na(SbO)C4H4O6;used in the treatment of schistosomiasis, and as an emetic. ... Synonym: sodium antimonyl tartrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimony sodium thioglycollate
A compound of antimony trioxide and thioglycolic acid, used for tropical parasites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimony thioglycollamide
Sb(SCH2CONH2)3;the triamide of antimony thioglycolic acid; used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis, kala azar, and filariasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimony trichloride
SbCl3;combines with vitamin A to form a blue compound and with beta-carotene to form a green one, as a method for assay of these substances; also used externally as a caustic. ... Synonym: antimony chloride. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimony trioxide
Sb2O3;used technically in paints and flame-proofing; also used as an expectorant and emetic. ... Synonym: antimonous oxide, antimony oxide, flowers of antimony. ... Abbreviation: Sb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimonyl
The univalent radical, SbO-, of antimony. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimuscarinic
Inhibiting or preventing the actions of muscarine and muscarine-like agents, or the effects of parasympathetic stimulation at the neuroeffector junction (e.g., atropine). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimutagen
A factor that reduces or interferes with the mutagenic actions of effects of a substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimutagenic
Pertaining to or characteristic of an antimutagen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimutagenic agents
Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the mechanism involved. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antimyasthenic
Tending toward the correction of the symptoms of myasthenia gravis, e.g., as in the action of neostigmine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antimycin
<protein> Inhibitor of QH2 cytochrome C reductase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

antimycin a
This antibiotic is used to kill fungi, insects and mites, it works by blocking mitochondrial respiration by interrupting the electron transport chain in those organelles. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

antimycotic
Suppressing the growth of fungi. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

antinatriferic
Tending to inhibit sodium transport. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antinauseant
Having an action to prevent nausea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antinematodal agent
Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antineoplastic
Inhibiting or preventing the development of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. ... Origin: Gr. Plassein = to form ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

antineoplastic agent
Agents inhibiting or preventing the growth of neoplasms, checking the maturation and proliferation of malignant cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antineoplastic agent, alkylating
A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumour efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of n-methyl groups, that af …

antineoplastic agent, combined
The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antineoplastic agent, hormonal
Antineoplastic agent that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumours. Hormone-sensitive tumours may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumour regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumours may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are admin …

antineoplastic agent, phytogenic
Agents, obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

antineoplastic drug
A drug that stops or slows the maturation and spread of tumour cells (benign or malignant). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

antineuralgic
A rarely used term for an agent that relieves paroxysmal nerve pain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antineuritic
A rarely used term for an agent that relieves nerve pain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antineuritic factor
Synonym for thiamin ... A member of the water-soluble B vitamin group, necessary for energy production and carbohydrate metabolism. Deficiency is known as beriberi. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

antineuritic vitamin
Synonym for thiamin ... A member of the water-soluble B vitamin group, necessary for energy production and carbohydrate metabolism. Deficiency is known as beriberi. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

antineurotoxin
An antibody to a neurotoxin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

antiniad
Toward the antinion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...