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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


arachidic acid
CH3(CH2)18COOH;a fatty acid contained in peanut oil, butter, and other fats. ... Synonym: arachic acid, n-eicosanoic acid, n-icosanoic acid. ... Origin: Arachis, fr. G. Arakis, leguminous weed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arachidonate
<biochemistry> An essential unsaturated fatty acid that humans use to synthesise regulatory molecules such as prostaglandins and thromboxanes. It is found in fatty animal tissue such as egg yolk and liver. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 12-hydroperoxyarachidonate (12-hpete) which is itself rapidly converted by a peroxidase to 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoate (12-hete). The 12-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in platelets. ... Chemical name: Arachidonate:oxygen 12-oxidoreductase ... Regis …

arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 15-hydroperoxyarachidonate (15-hpete) which is rapidly converted to 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoate (15-hete). The 15-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in neutrophils and lymphocytes. ... Chemical name: Arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase ... Registry n …

arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of arachidonic acid to yield 5-hydroperoxyarachidonate (5-hpete) which is rapidly converted by a peroxidase to 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoate (5-hete). The 5-hydroperoxides are preferentially formed in leukocytes. ... Chemical name: Arachidonate:oxygen 5-oxidoreductase ... Registry number: …

arachidonate 8-lipoxygenase
<enzyme> From sea whip coral plexaura homomalla; catalyses the conversion of arachidonic acid to a cyclised prostanoid with a pga ring and the same side chains as the parent arachidonate ... Registry number: EC 1.13.11.40 ... Synonym: 8(r)-lipoxygenase, 8-lipoxygenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arachidonate epoxygenase
<enzyme> Requires cytochrome p-450; uses NADPH and oxygen; forms 5,6-,8,9-11,12- and 14,15-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids; p4502caa is the form isolated from rabbit renal cortex ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: NADPH-dependent arachidonic acid epoxygenase, cytochrome p-450 epoxygenase, cytochrome p-450 arachidonate oxygenase, cyp2j …

arachidonate lipoxygenases
<enzyme> Enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of arachidonic acid to hydroperoxyarachidonates (hpetes). These products are then rapidly converted by a peroxidase to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (hetes). The positional specificity of the enzyme reaction varies from tissue to tissue. The final lipoxygenase pathway leads to the leukotrienes. ... Reg …

arachidonate monooxygenase
<enzyme> Nadph-dependent enzyme from renal cortex; not inhibited by cyclooxygenase inhibitors; forms 19-hydroxyarachidonate, 20-hydroxyarachidonate, 19-ketoarachidonate and a dicarboxylic acid ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arachidonic acid
<biochemistry> An essential dietary component for mammals. The free acid is the precursor for biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid derivatives including leucotrienes and is thus of great biological significance. ... Within cells the acid is found in the esterified form as a major acyl component of membrane …

arachidonic acid 18-hydroxylase
<enzyme> Converts arachidonic acid to 18-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid in the presence of NADPH; cytochrome p450 enzyme ... Registry number: EC 1.14.13.- ... Synonym: arachidonic acid 18(r)-hydroxylase, arachidonic acid omega 3-hydroxylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arachidonic acid cascade
Eicosanoid synthetic pathway. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arachidonoylethanolamide synthase
<enzyme> Enzyme from rabbit cerebral cortex is coenzyme a- and ATP-independent ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... Synonym: arachidonylethanolamide synthase, anandamide synthase, anandamide amidase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arachidonyl transacylase
<enzyme> Catalyses CoA-independent transfer of arachidonate from phosphatidylcholine to lysoplasmenylethanolamine ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... Synonym: CoA-independent transacylase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arachis oil
Synonym for peanut oil ... Oil extracted from the kernels of one or more cultivated varieties of Arachis hypogaea (family Leguminosae); used as a solvent for intramuscular injections and in the preparation of foods. ... Synonym: arachis oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arachnephobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of spiders. ... Synonym: arachnophobia. ... Origin: G. Arachne, spider, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arachnia
A genus of nonmotile, nonsporeforming, facultatively anaerobic bacteria (family Actinomycetaceae) containing Gram-positive, non-acid-fast, branched, diphtheroid rods (0.2 to 0.3 by 3.0 to 5.0 um and longer). These organisms produce filamentous microcolonies. Their metabolism is fermentative. Primarily propionic and acetic acids are produced from gl …

arachnid
<biology> An organism of the class Arachnida in the kingdom Animalia. For example: a spider. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arachnid vectors
Members of the class arachnida, especially spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks, which transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arachnida
<zoology> One of the classes of Arthropoda. ... They have four pairs of legs, no antennae nor wings, a pair of mandibles, and one pair of maxillae or palpi. The head is usually consolidated with the thorax. The respiration is either by trancheae or by pulmonary sacs, or by both. The class includes three principal orders: Araneina, or spiders; …

arachnidism
The condition produced by the bite of a venomous spider; spider envenomation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arachnobutyrophobia
<psychology> Fear of peanut butter. Really !!. ... Origin: Gr. Phobos = fear ... (16 Mar 1998) ...

arachnodactyly
<clinical sign> A skeletal disorder where the patient has unusually long, thin bones, especially noticeable in the fingers and toes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arachnoid
Like a cobweb, covered with or consisting of soft fibres or hairs so entangled as to give a cobwebby appearance. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arachnoid cyst
A fluid-filled cyst lined with arachnoid membrane, frequently situated near the lateral aspect of the fissure of Sylvius; usually congenital in origin. ... Synonym: leptomeningeal cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arachnoid cysts
Fluid-filled sacs between the layers of the pia mater and arachnoid. These lesions, which often mimic intracranial neoplasms, present clinically at all ages but are probably congenital in origin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arachnoid foramen
Synonym for medial aperture of the fourth ventricle ... The large midline opening in the posterior inferior part of the roof of the fourth ventricle, connecting the ventricle with the cerebellomedullary cistern. ... Synonym: apertura mediana ventriculi quarti, arachnoid foramen, Magendie's foramen, median aperture of the fourth ventricle. ... (05 Mar …

arachnoid granulations
Tufted prolongations of pia-arachnoid, composed of numerous arachnoid villi that penetrate dural venous sinuses and effect transfer of cerebrospinal fluid to the venous system. at advanced age these are more numerous and tend to calcify. ... Synonym: granulationes arachnoideales, arachnoidal granulations, pacchionian bodies, pacchionian corpuscles, …

arachnoid mater
Synonym for arachnoid ... Like a cobweb, covered with or consisting of soft fibres or hairs so entangled as to give a cobwebby appearance. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arachnoid mater cranialis
Synonym for arachnoid of brain ... That portion of the arachnoid which lies within the cranial cavity and surrounds the brain and the cranial portion of the subarachnoid space. In several sites it is relatively widely-separated from the pia mater, creating the cranial subarachnoid cisterns. ... Synonym: arachnoid mater cranialis, arachnoid mater ence …

arachnoid mater encephali
An alternate term for arachnoid of brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arachnoid membrane
Synonym for arachnoid ... Like a cobweb, covered with or consisting of soft fibres or hairs so entangled as to give a cobwebby appearance. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arachnoid of brain
That portion of the arachnoid which lies within the cranial cavity and surrounds the brain and the cranial portion of the subarachnoid space. In several sites it is relatively widely-separated from the pia mater, creating the cranial subarachnoid cisterns. ... Synonym: arachnoid mater cranialis, arachnoid mater encephali, cerebral part of arachnoid. …

arachnoid of spinal cord
That portion of the arachnoid which lies within the vertebral canal and surrounds the spinal cord and the vertebral portion of the subarachnoid space. It extends from the foramen magnum above to the S-2 vertebral level. Since the spinal cord ends at the L-2 vertebral level, a wide separation occurs between the arachnoid and pia mater, the lumbar ci …

arachnoid trabecula
Fine, delicate strands composed of fibroblast and extracellular collagen that traverse the subarachnoid space between the arachnoid mater, which is attached to the dura, and the pia mater, which is adherent to the surface of the brain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arachnoid villi
Tufted prolongations of pia-arachnoid that protrude through the meningeal layer of the dura mater and have a thin limiting membrane; collections of arachnoid villus form arachnoid granulations that lie in venous lacunae at the margin of the superior sagittal sinus; the spongy tissue of the a. Villus contains tubules that serve as one-way valves for …

arachnoidal granulations
Synonym for arachnoid granulations ... Tufted prolongations of pia-arachnoid, composed of numerous arachnoid villi that penetrate dural venous sinuses and effect transfer of cerebrospinal fluid to the venous system. at advanced age these are more numerous and tend to calcify. ... Synonym: granulationes arachnoideales, arachnoidal granulations, pacchi …

arachnoidea mater spinalis
Synonym for arachnoid of spinal cord ... That portion of the arachnoid which lies within the vertebral canal and surrounds the spinal cord and the vertebral portion of the subarachnoid space. It extends from the foramen magnum above to the S-2 vertebral level. Since the spinal cord ends at the L-2 vertebral level, a wide separation occurs between th …

arachnoiditis
<pathology> Inflammation of the arachnoid membrane and adjacent subarachnoid space. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

arachnology
<study> The department of zoology which treats of spiders and other Arachnida. ... Origin: Gr. Spider. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

arachnolysin
A haemolytic substance in the venom of certain spiders. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arachnophobia
Synonym for arachnephobia ... <psychology> Morbid fear of spiders. ... Synonym: arachnophobia. ... Origin: G. Arachne, spider, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aralkyl
A radical in which an aryl group is substituted for a hydrogen atom of an alkyl group; e.g., C6H5CH2-. ... Synonym: arylated alkyl. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aran-Duchenne disease
Synonym for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ... A serious neurologic disease that results from the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

Aran, Francois
<person> French physician, 1817-1861. ... See: Aran-Duchenne disease, Duchenne-Aran disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

araneism
Rarely used term for arachnidism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arantius, Giulio
<person> Italian anatomist and physician, 1530-1589. ... See: Arantius' ligament, Arantius' nodule, Arantius' ventricle, corpus arantii, ductus venosus arantii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arantius' ligament
Synonym for ligamentum venosum ... A thin fibrous cord, lying in the fissure of the ligamentum venosum, the remains of the ductus venosus of the foetus. ... Synonym: Arantius' ligament, ligamentum ductus venosi, venous ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arantius' nodule
Synonym for nodule of semilunar valve ... A nodule at the centre of the free border of each semilunar valve at the beginning of the pulmonary artery and aorta. ... Synonym: nodulus valvulae semilunaris, Arantius' nodule, Bianchi's nodule, corpus arantii, Morgagni's nodule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arantius' ventricle
Synonym for calamus scriptorius ... Inferior part of the rhomboid fossa; the narrow lower end of the fourth ventricle between the two clavae. ... Synonym: Arantius' ventricle. ... Origin: L. Writing pen ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

araphia
Synonym: holorachischisis. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + rhaphe, a seam ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

araucaria
<botany> A genus of tall conifers of the pine family. The species are confined mostly to South America and Australia. The wood cells differ from those of other in having the dots in their lateral surfaces in two or three rows, and the dots of contiguous rows alternating. The seeds are edible. ... Origin: Araucania, a territory south of Chili.< …

arbalist
A crossbow, consisting of a steel bow set in a shaft of wood, furnished with a string and a trigger, and a mechanical device for bending the bow. It served to throw arrows, darts, bullets, etc. ... Alternative forms: arbalet and arblast. ... Origin: OF. Arbaleste, LL. Arbalista, for L. Arcuballista; arcus bow + ballista a military engine. See Ballist …

arbaprostil
<chemical> (5z,11 alpha,13e,15r)-11,15-dihydroxy-15-methyl-9-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid. A synthetic prostaglandin e analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and can inhi …

arbitrary
1. Depending on will or discretion; not governed by any fixed rules; as, an arbitrary decision; an arbitrary punishment. 'It was wholly arbitrary in them to do so.' (Jer. Taylor) 'Rank pretends to fix the value of every one, and is the most arbitrary of all things.' (Landor) ... 2. Exercised according to one's own will or caprice, and therefore conv …

arbitration agreement
The patient waives the right to sue the doctor and, instead, submit any dispute to arbitration. Arbitration agreements are legal and binding. The arguments in their favour are that, for patients, the case can be settled faster and more money can go to them (not the lawyer) and for doctors, it often means that they can get a discount on their malpra …

arbor
A kind of latticework formed of, or covered with, vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade; a bower. ... Origin: OE. Herber, herbere, properly a garden of herbs, F. Herbier, fr. L. Herbarium. See Herb, and cf. Herbarium. ... 1. <botany> A tree, as distinguished from a shrub. ... 2. [Cf. F. Arbre. ... <mechanics> An axle or spind …

arbor vitae uteri
Synonym for palmate folds ... The two longitudinal ridges, anterior and posterior, in the mucous membrane lining the cervix uteri, from which numerous secondary folds, or rugae, branch off. ... Synonym: plicae palmatae, arbor vitae uteri, lyra uterina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arborescent
<botany> Resembling a tree (applied to non-woody plants attaining tree height and to shrubs tending to become tree-like in size). ... Compare: dendroid. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arborescent cataract
An obsolete term for dendritic cataract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arborise
To spread in a treelike branching pattern. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arborization block
Intraventricular block supposedly due to widespread blockage in the Purkinje ramifications and manifested in the electrocardiogram by a pattern similar to bundle-branch block but with complexes of low amplitude. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arboroid
Denoting a colony of protozoa, each of which remains attached to another cell or to the main stem at one point, forming a branching or dendritic figure. ... Origin: L. Arbor, tree, + G. Eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arborvirus
Although arbor sounds as if it should have something to do with trees, it doesn't. It comes from the first 2 letters of arthropod + the first 3 letters of borne. Arborviruses are transmitted (borne) to humans by mosquitoes and ticks (arthropods). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arbovirus
<epidemiology> A virus which uses Arthropods as vectors and is transmitted in their saliva to the definitive host. For example, yellow fever. ... Origin: from Arthropod borne virus ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

arbovirus infection
<virology> A type of viral infection that is transmitted by mosquitoes in late spring to early autumn. One manifestation is encephalitis (central nervous system infection). ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

arbovirus infections
Infections caused by arthropod-borne viruses, general or unspecified. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arboviruses
<virology> Diverse group of single stranded RNA viruses that have an envelope surrounding the capsid. Arthropod borne, hence the name and multiply in both invertebrate and vertebrate host, causing for example yellow fever and encephalitis. ... The group is very heterogeneous and three major families are recognised: Togaviridae, Bunyaviridae an …

arbute
The strawberry tree, a genus of evergreen shrubs, of the Heath family. It has a berry externally resembling the strawberry; the arbute tree. ... <botany> Trailing arbutus, a creeping or trailing plant of the Heath family (Epigaea repens), having white or usually rose-coloured flowers with a delicate fragrance, growing in small axillary cluster …

arbutin
<protein> A glycoside found in the bearberry and related plants which has been used to treat urinary-tract diseases. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ARC
A stage before AIDS, with symptoms such as swollen lymph glands, long-lasting night sweats, fevers and unusual weight loss. Also commonly called symptomatic HIV infection. This term is no longer officially recognised by the CDC. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arc of buehler
<radiology> Persistent embryologic anastomosis between coeliac artery and superior mesenteric artery ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arc of riolan
<radiology> Inconstant anastomotic artery between middle and left colic aa. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arc perimeter
A perimeter consisting of a semicircular frame at the centre of which the patient looks while a white object is moving along the arc, the exact point where it becomes visible or invisible being noted and recorded on a chart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arc-flash conjunctivitis
Synonym for ultraviolet keratoconjunctivitis ... Acute keratoconjunctivitis resulting from exposure to intense ultraviolet irradiation. ... Synonym: actinic conjunctivitis, arc-flash conjunctivitis, flash keratoconjunctivitis, ophthalmia nivalis, snow conjunctivitis, welder's conjunctivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arcade
An anatomical structure or structures (especially a blood vessel) taking the form of a series of arches. ... Origin: L. Arcus, arc, bow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arcanobacterium
A genus of nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic bacteria containing Gram-positive slender irregular rods, sometimes showing clubbed ends that may be in V formation with no filaments. These organisms are obligate parasites of the pharynx in farm animals and humans, occasionally causing lesions on the pharynx or skin. The type species is Arcanobacteriu …

Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
A species that causes pharyngitis and chronic skin ulcers in humans as well as farm animals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arcate
Synonym for arcuate ... Curved like a bow. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arch
<dentistry> Collectively, either the teeth or the basal bone of either jaw. ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

arch bar
Any one of several types of wires, bar's, or splints conforming to the arch of the teeth, extending from one side of the arch to the other and located labially, or lingually; used for the treatment of jaw fractures and/or stabilization of injured teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arch length
The amount of space required for the permanent teeth as measured from the mesial aspect of the first molar on one side to the mesial aspect of the first molar on the opposite side, as measured through the contact points along an imaginary line of the dental arch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arch length deficiency
The difference between the available circumference of the dental arch and that required to accommodate the succedaneous teeth in proper alignment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arch of cricoid cartilage
The narrow part of the cartilage that encircles the air passage anterior to the lamina. ... Synonym: arcus cartilaginis cricoideae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arch of the aorta
Synonym for aortic arch ... The curved portion between the ascending and descending parts of the aorta; it begins as a continuation of the ascending aorta posterior to the sternal angle, runs posteriorly and slightly to the left as it passes over the root of the left lung, and becomes the descending aorta as it reaches and begins to course along the …

arch of the palate
The vaulted roof of the mouth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arch of thoracic duct
See: thoracic duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arch-loop-whorl system
See: Galton's system of classification of fingerprints. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

archae
<microbiology> This is a classification of odd bacteria that are neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes, some scientists believe they represent a separate kingdom. ... The primary species is Archaebacteria, whose members fall in three categories: microbes that can live in extremely salty environments (halophiles), microbes that produce methane (me …

archaea
A unique group of microorganisms. They are called bacteria (Archaeobacteria) but they are genetically and metabolically different from all other known bacteria. They appear to be living fossils, the survivors of an ancient group of organisms that bridged the gap in evolution between bacteria and the eukaryotes (multicellular organisms). The name Ar …

archaeal proteins
Proteins found in any species of archaeon. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Archaebacteria
<microbiology> One of two major subdivisions of the prokaryotes. There are three main Orders, extreme halophiles, methanogens and sulphur dependant extreme thermophiles. ... Archaebacteria differ from Eubacteria in ribosomal structure, the possession (in some cases) of introns and in a number of other features including membrane composition.
archaeocerebellum
Synonym: archicerebellum. ... Origin: G. Archaios, ancient, + cerebellum ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

archaeocyte
<organism> An amoeboid cell type of sponges (Porifera). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

archaeoglobales
An order of extremely thermophilic, sulfate-reducing archaea, in the kingdom euryarchaeota. The single family archaeoglobaceae contains one genus archaeoglobus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

archaeoglobus
A genus of extremely thermophilic, sulfate-reducing archaea, in the family archaeoglobaceae. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

archaeoglobus fulgidus
A species of extremely thermophilic, sulfur-reducing archaea. It grows at a maximum temperature of 95 degrees c. In marine or deep-sea geothermal areas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

archaeology
<study> The science or study of antiquities, especially. Prehistoric antiquities, such as the remains of buildings or monuments of an early epoch, inscriptions, implements, and other relics, written manuscripts, etc. ... Origin: Gr.; ancient (fr. Beginning) + discourse, to speak. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

archaeus
Term first used by Valentine and later by Paracelsus and van Helmont to denote a spirit that presided over and governed bodily processes. ... Synonym: archeus. ... Origin: L. Fr. G. Archaios, chief, leader ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

archaic
Ancient; old; in jungian psychology, denoting the ancestral past of mental processes. ... Origin: G. Archaikos, ancient ... (05 Mar 2000) ...