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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

argus
<radiobiology> Two-beam, 5-terawatt Nd-glass laser system used at Livermore (LLNL) for inertial-confinement fusion research from 1976 to 1981. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Argyll Robertson pupil
<clinical sign> Pupils of the eye which react to accommodation but not to light. Seen in cases of tertiary syphilis. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

argyria
<dermatology> Deposition of silver salts in the skin from excessive oral intake. Signs: permanent blue to bronze discolouration of the skin and mucosa that is darker in regions exposed to light. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

argyriasis
Synonym for argyria ... <dermatology> Deposition of silver salts in the skin from excessive oral intake. Signs: permanent blue to bronze discolouration of the skin and mucosa that is darker in regions exposed to light. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

argyric
An alternative term for argentic. ... Relating to argyria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argyrism
Synonym for argyria ... <dermatology> Deposition of silver salts in the skin from excessive oral intake. Signs: permanent blue to bronze discolouration of the skin and mucosa that is darker in regions exposed to light. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

argyrol
Synonym for mild silver protein ... A complex prepared by the reaction of silver oxide with either gelatin or serum albumin. Black shiny crystals liberate silver and it was formerly widely used as a topical anti-infective on mucous membranes. Contains from 19 to 25% silver, only a small fraction of which is ionizable. Can produce black or brown pigm …

argyrophil
<pathology> Pertaining to tissue elements that are capable of impregnation with silver ions and being made visible after an external reducing agent is used. ... Synonym: argentophil, argentophile. ... Origin: G. Argyros, silver, + philos, fond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argyrophilic cell
<pathology> Cell's that bind silver salts but that precipitate silver only in the presence of a reducing agent. ... See: enteroendocrine cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argyrophilic fibre
Reticular connective tissue fibre's that react with silver salts and appear black microscopically. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

argyrosis
Synonym for argyria ... <dermatology> Deposition of silver salts in the skin from excessive oral intake. Signs: permanent blue to bronze discolouration of the skin and mucosa that is darker in regions exposed to light. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

arhigosis
Lack of perception of cold. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + rhigoo, to shiver ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arhinia
Congenital absence of the nose. ... Synonym: arrhinia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arias-Stella
Javier, Peruvian pathologist, *1924. ... See: Arias-Stella effect, Arias-Stella phenomenon, Arias-Stella reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arias-Stella effect
Synonym for Arias-Stella phenomenon ... Focal, unusual, decidual changes in endometrial epithelium, consisting of intraluminal budding, and nuclear enlargement and hyperchromatism with cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolation; may be associated with ectopic or uterine pregnancy. ... Synonym: Arias-Stella effect, Arias-Stella reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

Arias-Stella phenomenon
Focal, unusual, decidual changes in endometrial epithelium, consisting of intraluminal budding, and nuclear enlargement and hyperchromatism with cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolation; may be associated with ectopic or uterine pregnancy. ... Synonym: Arias-Stella effect, Arias-Stella reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arias-Stella reaction
Synonym for Arias-Stella phenomenon ... Focal, unusual, decidual changes in endometrial epithelium, consisting of intraluminal budding, and nuclear enlargement and hyperchromatism with cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolation; may be associated with ectopic or uterine pregnancy. ... Synonym: Arias-Stella effect, Arias-Stella reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

ariboflavinosis
Properly hyporiboflavinosis: a nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of riboflavin in the diet, characterised by cheilosis and magenta tongue and usually associated with other manifestations of B vitamin deficiency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arie-Pitanguy mammaplasty
Synonym for Arie-Pitanguy operation ... A procedure to reduce a large breast by a lozenge-shaped resection of tissue from its inferior pole. ... Synonym: Arie-Pitanguy mammaplasty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arie-Pitanguy operation
A procedure to reduce a large breast by a lozenge-shaped resection of tissue from its inferior pole. ... Synonym: Arie-Pitanguy mammaplasty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aril
A fleshy outgrowth that partially or completely surrounds the seed in someplants. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arise
1. To come up from a lower to a higher position; to come above the horizon; to come up from one's bed or place of repose; to mount; to ascend; to rise; as, to arise from a kneeling posture; a cloud arose; the sun ariseth; he arose early in the morning. ... 2. To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visi …

aristate
Having a stiff, bristle-like appendage or tip. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aristolochene synthase
<enzyme> Catalyses the cyclization of trans, trans-farnesyl pyrophosphate to aristolochene; from penicillium roqueforti ... Registry number: EC 5.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aristolochic acid
8-Methoxy-6-nitrophenanthro[3,4-d]-1,3-dioxole-5-carboxylic acid;an aromatic bitter derived from plants of the genus Aristolochia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aristology
<study> The science of dining. ... Origin: Gr. Dinner. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

aristotelian
Attributed to or described by Aristotle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aristotelian method
A method of study that stresses the relation between a general category and a particular object. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Aristotle
Synonym for Aristotle, Asclepliad of Stagira ... <person> The son of a physician and old Asclepiad family was born at Stagira, a Greek colony on the coast of Macedonia. Aristotle was called 'The Prince of those who know.' ... He established a harmonious bridge between biology and medicine. He was adept in logic, botany, zoology and anatomy. Dar …

Aristotle, Asclepliad of Stagira
<person> The son of a physician and old Asclepiad family was born at Stagira, a Greek colony on the coast of Macedonia. Aristotle was called 'The Prince of those who know.' ... He established a harmonious bridge between biology and medicine. He was adept in logic, botany, zoology and anatomy. Darwin called this peripatetic the World's greatest …

Aristotle's anomaly
When a small object is held between the first and second fingers crossed in such a way that it touches or presses upon skin surfaces which ordinarily are not pressed upon simultaneously by a single object, it is perceived falsely as two. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aristulate
Having a small bristle-like appendage. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arithmetic mean
The mean calculated by adding a set of values and then dividing the sum by the number of values. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arithmomania
<psychiatry> A morbid impulse to count. ... Origin: G. Arithmeo, to count, fr. Arithmos, number, + mania, madness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arizona
A genus of motile, peritrichous, nonsporeforming, aerobic to facultatively anaerobic bacteria (family Enterobacteriaceae) containing Gram-negative rods. These organisms do not produce urease and do not grow in media containing potassium cyanide. They decarboxylate lysine, arginine, and ornithine. Lactose is generally fermented. These organisms have …

ark
1. A chest, or coffer. 'Bearing that precious relic in an ark.' (Spenser) ... 2. The oblong chest of acacia wood, overlaid with gold, which supported the mercy seat with its golden cherubs, and occupied the most sacred place in the sanctuary. In it Moses placed the two tables of stone containing the ten commandments. Called also the Ark of the Coven …

Arlt
Carl Ferdinand von, Austrian ophthalmologist, 1812-1887. ... See: Arlt's operation, Arlt's sinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arlt's operation
Transplantation of the eyelashes back from the edge of the lid in trichiasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arm
1. The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey. ... 2. Anything resembling an arm; as, The fore limb of an animal, as of a bear. ... A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal. ... A branch of a tree. ... A slender part of an instrument or machine, projecting …

arm injuries
General or unspecified injuries involving the arm. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arm phenomenon
Synonym for Pool's phenomenon ... In tetany, spasm both of the extensor muscles of the knee and of the calf muscles when the extended leg is flexed at the hip. ... Synonym: leg phenomenon, Pool-Schlesinger sign, Schlesinger's sign. ... In tetany, contraction of the arm muscles following the stretching of the brachial plexus by elevation of the arm abo …

armadillo
1. <zoology> Any edentate animal if the family Dasypidae, peculiar to America. Do called from being armed with a bony shell. ... The body and head are incased in an armor composed of small bony plates. The armadillos burrow in the earth, seldom going abroad except at night. When attacked, they curl up into a ball, presenting the armor on all s …

armadillos
Burrowing, chiefly nocturnal mammals of the family dasypodidae having bodies and heads encased in small bony plates. They are widely distributed in the warmer parts of the americas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

armamentarium
The collection of treatments available for a particular condition. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Armanni-Ebstein change
Synonym for Armanni-Ebstein kidney ... Glycogen vacuolization of the loops of Henle, seen in diabetics before the introduction of insulin. ... Synonym: Armanni-Ebstein change. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Armanni-Ebstein kidney
Glycogen vacuolization of the loops of Henle, seen in diabetics before the introduction of insulin. ... Synonym: Armanni-Ebstein change. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Armanni, Luciano
<person> Italian pathologist, 1839-1903. ... See: Armanni-Ebstein kidney, Armanni-Ebstein change. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

armarium
Rarely used term for the physician's library, as part of his armamentarium. ... Origin: L. A closet, chest, fr. Arma, armor ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

armature
1. Armor; whatever is worn or used for the protection and defense of the body, especially. The protective outfit of some animals and plants. ... 2. <physics> A piece of soft iron used to connect the two poles of a magnet, or electromagnet, in order to complete the circuit, or to receive and apply the magnetic force. In the ordinary horseshoe m …

armed macrophage
Synonym for activated macrophage ... A mature macrophage, in an active metabolic state, that is cytotoxic to tumour/target cells, usually following exposure to certain cytokines. ... Synonym: armed macrophage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

armed rostellum
Rostellum with one or more rows of hooks. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

armed tapeworm
The pork tapeworm (Taenia solium). Contracted from undercooked or measly pork (pork infected with the larval forms of the tapeworm). Can grow to be 3-6 feet (0.9-1.8 m) long in the human intestine. Also known as the measly tapeworm. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

armenia
An ancient country in western asia, by the twentieth century divided among the former ussr, turkey, and iran. It was attacked at various times from before the 7th century b.c. To 69 b.c. By assyrians, medes, persians, the greeks under alexander, and the romans. It changed hands frequently in wars between neo-persian and roman empires from the 3d to …

armilla
<zoology> A ring of hair or feathers on the legs. ... Origin: L. A bracelet. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

Armillifer
A genus of Pentastomida (order Porocephalida, family Porocephalidae); adults are found in the lungs of reptiles and the young in many mammals, including man. ... Origin: O. Fr. Armille, fr. L. Armilla, a bracelet ... Armillifer armillatus, species occurring in the python, the larva or nymph being occasionally found in man. ... Synonym: Porocephalus ar …

armin
<chemical> Ethyl-p-nitrophenyl ethylphosphonate. A reversible organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It also affects the presynaptic membrane and inhibits membrane postsynaptic cholinergic receptors. The compound had former use as a miotic. ... Pharmacological action: cholinesterase inhibitor. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

armor heart
Extensive to complete calcification (rarely ossification) of the pericardium usually producing constrictive pericarditis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

armored heart
Calcareous deposits in the pericardium due to subacute or chronic pericarditis. ... Synonym: panzerherz. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

armpit
Synonym for axilla ... <anatomy> The underarm area. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

Armstrong, Arthur Riley
<person> Canadian physician, *1904. ... See: King-Armstrong unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Armstrong, Henry
<person> British physician. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

army worm
<zoology> A lepidopterous insect, which in the larval state often travels in great multitudes from field to field, destroying grass, grain, and other crops. The common army worm of the northern United States is Leucania unipuncta. The name is often applied to other related species, as the cotton worm. ... The larva of a small two-winged fly (S …

Arndt-Gottron syndrome
Synonym for scleromyxoedema ... Generalised lichen myxoedematosus with diffuse thickening of the skin underlying the papules. ... Synonym: Arndt-Gottron syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arndt, G
<person> German physician, 1874--1929. ... See: Arndt-Gottron syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arndt, Rudolph
<person> German psychiatrist, 1835-1900. ... See: Arndt's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arndt's law
An obsolete law stating that weak stimuli excite physiologic activity, moderately strong ones favour it, strong ones retard it, and very strong ones arrest it. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arneth classification
A classification of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils according to the number of their nuclear lobes. ... See: Arneth stages. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arneth count
The percentage distribution of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, based on the number of lobes in the nuclei (from 1 to 5). ... See: Arneth index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arneth formula
The normal, approximate ratio of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, based on the number of lobes in the nuclei, as follows: 1 lobe, 5%; 2 lobes, 35%; 3 lobes, 41%; 4 lobes, 17%; 5 lobes, 2%. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arneth index
An expression based on adding the percentages of polymorphonuclear neutrophils with 1 or 2 lobes in their nuclei, plus one-half the percentage with 3 lobes; the normal value is 60%. ... See: Arneth formula, Arneth count. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arneth stages
A differential grouping of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in accordance with the number of lobes in their nuclei, i.e., cells with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 (or more) lobes are designated, respectively, as class I, II, and so on. ... See: Arneth formula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arneth, Joseph
<person> German physician, 1873-1955. ... See: Arneth classification, Arneth count, Arneth formula, Arneth index, Arneth stages. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arnold-chiari deformity
A congenital anomaly in which the cerebellum and medulla oblongata, which is elongated and flattened, protrude down into the spinal canal through the foramen magnum. It may be associated with many other defects, including spina bifida occulta and meningomyelocele. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arnold-chiari malformation
<radiology> Chiari I herniation of medulla and cerebellar tonsils, 4th ventricle in normal position, Chiari II herniation of medulla, tonsils, vermis, 4th ventricle at foramen magnum, myelomeningocele, aqueductal stenosis most likely to be hydrocephalus, Chiari III further herniation, 4th ventricle below foramen magnum, encephalocele or myelo …

Arnold-Chiari syndrome
Synonym for arnold-chiari malformation ... <radiology> Chiari I herniation of medulla and cerebellar tonsils, 4th ventricle in normal position, Chiari II herniation of medulla, tonsils, vermis, 4th ventricle at foramen magnum, myelomeningocele, aqueductal stenosis most likely to be hydrocephalus, Chiari III further herniation, 4th ventricle be …

Arnold, Freidrich
<person> German anatomist, 1803-1890. ... See: Arnold's bundle, Arnold's canal, Arnold's ganglion, Arnold's nerve, Arnold's tract, foramen of Arnold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arnold, Julius
<person> German pathologist, 1835-1915. ... See: Arnold's bodies, Arnold-Chiari deformity, Arnold-Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arnold's bodies
Small portions or minute fragments of erythrocytes (sometimes mistaken for blood platelets), or small 'ghosts' of erythrocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arnold's bundle
Synonym for temporopontine tract ... A fibre group originating in the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe, particularly the superior and middle temporal gyri, following the sublenticular limb of the internal capsule into the lateral margin of the crus cerebri in which it descends to its termination in the pontine nuclei or the ventral part of the p …

Arnold's canal
Synonym for hiatus of canal of lesser petrosal nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> The small opening in the petrous bone lateral to the hiatus of facial canal that gives passage to the lesser petrosal nerve. ... Synonym: hiatus canalis nervi petrosi minoris, Arnold's canal, canalis nervi petrosi superficialis minoris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arnold's ganglion
Synonym for otic ganglion ... An autonomic ganglion situated below the foramen ovale medial to the mandibular nerve; its postganglionic, parasympathetic fibres are distributed to the parotid gland. ... Synonym: ganglion oticum, Arnold's ganglion, auricular ganglion, otoganglion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arnold's nerve
Synonym for auricular branch of vagus nerve ... <anatomy, nerve> A branch of the superior ganglion of the vagus, supplying the back of the pinna and the external acoustic meatus. ... Synonym: ramus auricularis nervi vagi, Arnold's nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arnold's tract
Synonym for temporopontine tract ... A fibre group originating in the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe, particularly the superior and middle temporal gyri, following the sublenticular limb of the internal capsule into the lateral margin of the crus cerebri in which it descends to its termination in the pontine nuclei or the ventral part of the p …

aroclors
<chemical> Industrial chemicals which have become widespread environmental pollutants. Each aroclor is a mixture of chlorinated biphenyls (1200 series) or chlorinated terphenyls (5400 series) or a combination of both (4400 series). ... Pharmacological action: environmental pollutants. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arogenate dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Decarboxylates arogenate to tyrosine; requires nad or nadp; in pseudomonas aeruginosa; a single enzyme has both prephenate dehydrogenase and arogenate dehydrogenase activity ... Registry number: EC 1.- ... Synonym: cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aromatase inhibitor
Drugs, such as aminoglutethimide, that inhibit aromatase, an enzyme used in the synthesis of oestrogens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aromatherapy
The use of fragrances and essences from plants to affect or alter a person's mood or behaviour and to facilitate physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The chemicals comprising essential oils in plants has a host of therapeutic properties and has been used historically in africa, asia, and india. Its greatest application is in the field of alt …

aromatic
Having a spicy odour. ... Origin: L. Aromaticus, Gr. Aromatikos ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

aromatic amine acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Marker for colourectal cancer ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aromatic amine dehydrogenase
<enzyme> Oxidatively deaminates aromatic amines to aldehydes; phenazine methosulfate acts as electron acceptor ... Registry number: EC 1.5.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

aromatic ammonia spirit
A hydroalcoholic solution containing approximately 2% ammonia and 4% ammonium carbonate and the aromatics: lemon oil, lavender oil, and myristica oil. Used mainly by inhalation to produce reflex stimulation in persons who have fainted or are at risk of syncope. ... Synonym: sal volatile, smelling salts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aromatic castor oil
Contains cinnamon oil 3, clove oil 1, vanillin 1, saccharin 0.5, alcohol 30, in castor oil to make 1000; a cathartic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aromatic compound
Synonym for cyclic compound ... Any compound in which the constituent atoms, or any part of them, form a ring. Used mainly in organic chemistry where: 1) numerous compound's contain rings of carbon atoms (carbocyclic compound's) or carbon atoms plus one or more atoms of other types (heterocyclic compound's), usually nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; 2) w …

aromatic d-amino-acid decarboxylase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of l-dopa to dopamine, of l-tryptophan to tryptamine, and of l-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin; important in the biosynthetic pathway of catecholamines and melanin. ... Synonym: dopa decarboxylase, hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aromatic series
All the compounds derived from benzene, or similar cyclic compounds that obey Huckel's rule, distinguished from those compounds that are acyclic or that contain rings that lack the conjugated double bond structure characteristic of benzene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aromatic water
Synonym for water ... 1. To wet or supply with water; to moisten; to overflow with water; to irrigate; as, to water land; to water flowers. 'With tears watering the ground.' (Milton) 'Men whose lives gilded on like rivers that water the woodlands.' (Longfellow) ... 2. To supply with water for drink; to cause or allow to drink; as, to water cattle and …

aromatical
1. Pertaining to, or containing, aroma; fragrant; spicy; strong-scented; odouriferous; as, aromatic balsam. ... 2. <chemistry> Aromatic compound, one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc, many of which have an aromatic odour. They include many of the most …

aromatous
Synonym for aromatic ... Having a spicy odour. ... Origin: L. Aromaticus, Gr. Aromatikos ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

aroph
<alchemy> A barbarous word used by the old chemists to designate various medical remedies. ... Origin: A contraction of aroma philosophorum. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...

arousal
Cortical vigilance or readiness of tone, presumed to be in response to sensory stimulation via the reticular activating system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...