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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

apthous ulcers
These small sensitive painful craters in the mouth are common canker sores. There are many possible causes of apthous ulcers and frequently the cause is unknown. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apthovirus
A genus in the family Picornaviridae associated with foot and mouth disease of cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aptitude
1. A natural or acquired disposition or capacity for a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or effect; as, oil has an aptitude to burn. 'He seems to have had a peculiar aptitude for the management of irregular troops.' (Macaulay) ... 2. A general fitness or suitableness; adaptation. 'That sociable and helpful aptitude which God imp …

aptitude test
An occupation-oriented intelligence test used to evaluate a person's abilities, talents, and skills; particularly valuable in vocational counseling. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aptitude tests
Primarily non-verbal tests designed to predict an individual's future learning ability or performance. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aPTT
<abbreviation> Activated partial thromboplastin time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

APUD
Synonym for Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation ... <pharmacology, physiology> Paracrine cells of which argentaffin cells are an example. Usage of the term APUD is neither helpful nor memorable. ... Acronym: APUD ... (11 Nov 1997) ...

APUD cell
<pathology> A group of apparently unrelated endocrine cells found throughout the body which have a number of similar characteristics and which make a number of hormones with similar structures (including serotonin, epinephrine, dopamine, neurotensin, and norepinephrine. ... See: Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

apud cells
Cells derived from primitive cell types in the neural crest. During ontogeny they migrate to the foregut and specific locations of the neuroendocrine system. Properly located these cells form part of the normal hormone producing tissues of the neuroendocrine system. If misdirected these cells may become hyperplastic, adenomatous, or malignant (cf. …

apudoma
<oncology, tumour> A tumour composed of APUD cells and which secretes one or more hormones or amines. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

apurinic acid
<chemical> Hydrolysate of DNA in which purine bases have been removed. ... Chemical name: Apurinic acid ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

apurinic DNA
<molecular biology> A DNA molecule that has lost adenine and guanine, its purine bases. ... Apurinic DNA can be produced by treating the DNA with acid. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

apurinic site
<molecular biology> Sites in DNA from which purines have been lost by cleavage of the deoxy ribose N glycosidic linkage. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apyknomorphous
Denoting a cell or other structure that does not stain deeply because the stainable or chromophil material is not closely aggregated. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + pyknos, thick, + morphe, shape, form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apyrase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses breakdown of ATP to AMP, usually extracted from plants, but aortic and placental forms have also been described. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

apyretic tetanus
Synonym for tetany ... 1. Hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles due to decrease in concentration of extracellular ionised calcium, which may be associated with such conditions as parathyroid hypofunction, vitamin D deficiency and alkalosis or result from ingestion of alkaline salts, it is characterised by carpopedal spasm, muscular twitching and c …

apyretic typhoid
Typhoid fever in which the temperature does not rise more than a degree or two. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apyrexia
Absence of fever. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + pyrexis, fever ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apyrexy
<medicine> The absence or intermission of fever. ... Origin: NL. Apyrexia, fr. Gr.; priv. + to be feverish, fr. Fire: cf. F. Apyrexie. ... (01 Mar 1998) ...

apyrimidinic acid
DNA from which the pyrimidine bases have been removed by chemical treatment (e.g., exposure to hydrazine). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

apyrimidinic site
<molecular biology> A site on DNA where a base is missing, in this case a pyrimidine (either cytosine or thymine), but the phosphodiester backbone is still intact. ... Compare: apurinic site. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aq
<abbreviation> L. Aqua, water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aq bull
<abbreviation> L. Aqua bulliens, boiling water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aq dest
<abbreviation> L. Aqua destillata, distilled water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aq ferv
<abbreviation> L. Aqua fervens, hot water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aq frig
<abbreviation> L. Aqua frigida, cold water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqua
Water; a word much used in pharmacy and the old chemistry, in various signification, determined by the word or words annexed. Aqua ammoniae, the aqueous solution of ammonia; liquid ammonia; often called aqua ammonia. Aqua marine, or Aqua marina . Same as Aquamarine. Aqua regia . [L, royal water. ... <chemistry> A very corrosive fuming yellow l …

aqua regia
An alternative term for nitrohydrochloric acid. ... Origin: L. Royal water, so called from its power to dissolve gold ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aquabirnavirus
A genus of RNA viruses in the family birnaviridae infecting fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. It is transmitted both vertically and horizontally with no known vectors. The natural hosts are salmonids and the type species is infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aquacobalamin
Vitamin B12a (tautomeric with B12b);a cobalamin derivative in which the sixth coordinate bond of the cobaltic ion is attached to a water molecule. ... See: vitamin B12. ... Synonym: aquocobalamin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aquacobalamin reductase
<enzyme> Found in bacteria and vertebrates; catalyses the reduction of 2 aquacob(iii)alamin to 2 cob(ii)alamin in the presence of NADH; see also aquacobalamin reductase (NADPH) (EC 1.6.99.11) ... Registry number: EC 1.6.99.8 ... Synonym: NADH-linked aquacobalamine reductase, cob(iii)alamin reductase, aquacobalamine reductase (NADH) ... (26 Jun 1 …

aquaculture
<ecology> The cultivation of aquatic plants and animals for food or other purposes, this term often refers specifically to freshwater cultivation, as opposed to marine cultivation (mariculture). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aquagenic pruritus
Intense itching produced by brief contact with water at any temperature without visible changes in the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqualfs
<ecology> Soils with an aquic or peraquic moisture regime and having clay accumulating in the B-horizon, wet alfisols. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aquaphobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of water. ... Origin: L. Aqua, water, + G. Phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aquaporin
<protein> Plant cell wall polysaccharides containing predominantly arabinose and galactose. ... Two main types are recognised: arabinogalactan 1, found in the pectin portion of angiosperms and containing _(1-4) linked galactan and _ arabinose side chains, arabinogalactan II, a highly branched polymer containing _(1-3) and _ (1-6) linked galact …

aquarius
<astronomy> The Water-bearer; the eleventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters about the 20th of January; so called from the rains which prevail at that season in Italy and the East. ... A constellation south of Pegasus. ... Origin: L. Aquarius, adj, relating to water, and n, a water-carrier, fr. Aqua. See Aqua. ... Source: Websters Diction …

Aquaspirillum
A genus of motile, nonsporeforming, aerobic bacteria (family Spirillaceae) containing Gram-negative, rigid, helical or helically curved cells which are 0.2 to 1.5 um in diameter. ... Motile cells contain fascicles of flagella at one or both poles. Some species can grow anaerobically with nitrate instead of oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. T …

aquatic
<ecology, marine biology> Living in or on water for all or a substantial part of the life span (generally restricted to fresh water or inland waters). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aquatic plant
<botany> Plants that must grow in water whether rooted in the mud or floating without anchorage, plants that must complete part or all of their life cycle in or near the water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aquatic root
<plant biology> Roots that develop on stems above the normal position occupied by roots, in response to prolonged inundation with water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aqueduct
1. A conductor, conduit, or artificial channel for conveying water, especially one for supplying large cities with water. ... The term is also applied to a structure (similar to the ancient aqueducts), for conveying a canal over a river or hollow; more properly called an aqueduct bridge. ... 2. <anatomy> A canal or passage; as, the aqueduct of …

aqueduct of cerebrum
Synonym for cerebral aqueduct ... An ependymal-lined canal in the mesencephalon about 20 mm long, connecting the third to the fourth ventricle. ... Synonym: aqueductus cerebri, aqueduct of cerebrum, aqueductus sylvii, iter a tertio ad quartum ventriculum, sylvian aqueduct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueduct of sylvius
A canal between two of the cavities (called the third and fourth ventricles) in the brain through which cerebrospinal fluid passes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

aqueduct veil
A membrane obstructing the sylvian aqueduct, causing a noncommunicating hydrocephalus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueductal intubation
Insertion of a tube in the sylvian aqueduct to relieve atresia or narrowing of the aqueduct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueductal stenosis
<radiology> most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus (43%), aqueduct develops about the 6th week of gestation, M:F = 2:1, other congenital anomalies (16%): thumb deformities, prognosis: 11-30% mortality aetiology: infectious (50%): toxoplasmosis, CMV, syphillis, mumps, influenza, developmental: forking, narrowing, transverse septum (X-li …

aqueductus
Synonym: aqueduct. ... Origin: L. Fr. Aqua, water, + ductus, a leading, fr. Duco, pp. Ductus, to lead ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueductus cerebri
Synonym for cerebral aqueduct ... An ependymal-lined canal in the mesencephalon about 20 mm long, connecting the third to the fourth ventricle. ... Synonym: aqueductus cerebri, aqueduct of cerebrum, aqueductus sylvii, iter a tertio ad quartum ventriculum, sylvian aqueduct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueductus cochleae
Synonym for perilymphatic duct ... A fine canal connecting the perilymphatic space of the cochlea with the subarachnoid space. ... Synonym: ductus perilymphaticus, aqueductus cochleae, cochlear aqueduct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueductus cotunnii
aqueduct of vestibule ...

aqueductus fallopii
Synonym for facial canal ... The bony passage in the temporal bone through which the facial nerve passes; the facial canal commences at the internal auditory meatus with the horizontal part which passes at first anteriorly (medial crus of facial canal) then turns posteriorly at the geniculum of the facial canal to pass medial to the tympanic cavity …

aqueductus sylvii
Synonym for cerebral aqueduct ... An ependymal-lined canal in the mesencephalon about 20 mm long, connecting the third to the fourth ventricle. ... Synonym: aqueductus cerebri, aqueduct of cerebrum, aqueductus sylvii, iter a tertio ad quartum ventriculum, sylvian aqueduct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueductus vestibuli
aqueduct of vestibule ...

aquent
<ecology> Soils with an aquic or peraquic moisture regime and lacking distinct soil horizons in the subsoil, wet entisols. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aqueous
<chemistry> Watery, prepared with water. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

aqueous chambers
The combined anterior and posterior chamber's of the eye containing the aqueous humor. ... See: anterior chamber of eye, posterior chamber of eye. ... See: anterior segment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueous flare
Tyndall phenomenon observed in the fluid of the anterior chamber of the eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueous humor
<physiology> A transparent liquid contained in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, produced by the ciliary process it passes to the venous system via the canal of Schlemm. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

aqueous influx phenomenon
The filling of the aqueous vein, which normally carries blood and aqueous, with aqueous, when the junction of the aqueous vein and the recipient vein is partially occluded. ... Synonym: Ascher's aqueous influx phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueous phase
The water portion of a system consisting of two liquid phase's, one mainly water, the other a liquid immiscible with water (e.g., benzene, ether). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueous solution
<chemistry> A solution in which water is the dissolving medium or solvent. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

aqueous vaccine
A vaccine having a liquid vehicle (e.g., physiological salt solution) as distinguished from an emulsion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aqueous vein
<anatomy, vein> A tributary of the anterior ciliary vein which receives aqueous humor from the sinus venosus sclerae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aquept
<ecology> Soils with an aquic moisture regime and showing some soil development in the B-horizon, wet inceptisols. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aquic moisture regime
<ecology> A moisture condition associated with a seasonal reducing environment that is virtually free of dissolved oxygen because the soil is saturated by ground water or by water of the capillary fringe as in soils in aquic suborders and aquic subgroups. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aquo-ion
A hydrated ion; an ion containing one or more water molecules; e.g., Cu(H2O)42+. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aquocobalamin
Synonym for aquacobalamin ... Vitamin B12a (tautomeric with B12b);a cobalamin derivative in which the sixth coordinate bond of the cobaltic ion is attached to a water molecule. ... See: vitamin B12. ... Synonym: aquocobalamin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aquod
<ecology> Soils having an accumulation of iron, aluminum and organic matter in the B-horizon in addition to having an aquic moisture regime. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

aquosity
1. The state of being watery. ... 2. Moisture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Ar
Symbol for argon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ara operon
<biochemistry, molecular biology> Operons involved in arabinose metabolism, especially. The araBAD operon of E. Coli.Two other ara operons are known in E. Coli. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

arab world
A historical and cultural entity dispersed across a wide geographical area under the administrative, intellectual, social, and cultural domination of the arab empire. The arab world, under the impetus of islam, by the eighth century a.d., extended from arabia in the middle east to all of northern africa, southern spain, sardinia, and sicily. Close …

arab-
Gum arabic; similar gummy substances. ... Origin: G. Araps, Arabos, an Arab ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

araban
<biochemistry> A polysaccharide that yields arabinose on hydrolysis; a constituent of some pectins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arabesque
A style of ornamentation either painted, inlaid, or carved in low relief. It consists of a pattern in which plants, fruits, foliage, etc, as well as figures of men and animals, real or imaginary, are fantastically interlaced or put together. ... It was employed in Roman imperial ornamentation, and appeared, without the animal figures, in Moorish and …

arabia
The great peninsula of southwest asia comprising most of the present countries of the middle east. It has been known since the first millenium b.c. In early times it was divided into arabia petraea, the northwest part, the only part ever conquered, becoming a roman province; arabia deserta, the northern part between syria and mesopotamia; and arabi …

arabic
Relating to or derived from various species of Acacia having a gummy or resinous exudate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arabidopsis
A genus of flowering plants found in north temperate regions. The species a. Thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Arabidopsis thaliana
<botany, molecular biology> The common wall cress. A small plant, adopted as a model system for plant molecular biology, because of its small genome (7x10exp7 bp) and short generation time (5-8 weeks). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

arabinoadenosine
Synonym for arabinosyladenine ... <drug> An antibiotic used to treat viral encephalitis. Its structure is derived from the purine adenosine by replacing the simple sugar ribose with the simple sugar arabinose. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arabinocytidine
Synonym for arabinosylcytosine ... <drug> An antibiotic which acts by blocking DNA synthesis. Its structure is derived from the pyrimidine cytosine by replacing the simple sugar ribose with the simple sugar arabinose. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arabinofuranosyladenine
An arabinoside that has antiviral activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arabinofuranosylcytosine
Synonym for arabinosylcytosine ... <drug> An antibiotic which acts by blocking DNA synthesis. Its structure is derived from the pyrimidine cytosine by replacing the simple sugar ribose with the simple sugar arabinose. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arabinofuranosyluracil
<chemical> 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil. A pyrimidine nucleoside formed in the body by the deamination of cytarabine. ... Chemical name: 2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arabinonucleosides
Nucleosides containing arabinose as their sugar moiety. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arabinonucleotides
Nucleotides containing arabinose as their sugar moiety. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arabinose
<biochemistry, chemical> A pentose monosaccharide that occurs in both D and L configurations. ... D arabinose is the 2 epimer of D ribose, i.e. Differs from D ribose by having the opposite configuration at carbon 2. D arabinose occurs inter alia in the polysaccharide arabinogalactan, a neutral pectin of the cell wall of plants and in the metab …

arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase
<enzyme> Catalyses reversibly the conversion of arabinose phosphate to ribulosephosphate ... Registry number: EC 5.3.1.13 ... Synonym: arabinose 5-phosphate ketolisomerase, arabinosephosphate isomerase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arabinoside
A ribonucleoside in which the sugar moeity is arabinose. It often has antibiotic activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arabinosis
Disordered metabolism of arabinose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arabinosuria
Excretion of arabinose in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arabinosyladenine
<drug> An antibiotic used to treat viral encephalitis. Its structure is derived from the purine adenosine by replacing the simple sugar ribose with the simple sugar arabinose. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arabinosylcytosine
<drug> An antibiotic which acts by blocking DNA synthesis. Its structure is derived from the pyrimidine cytosine by replacing the simple sugar ribose with the simple sugar arabinose. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

arabinosyltransferase
<enzyme> Emba and embb isolated from mycobacterium avium; polymerises arabinose into the arabinan of arabinogalactan; genbank u66560 ... Registry number: EC 2.4.2.- ... Synonym: emba gene product, embb gene product, arabinan arabinosyl transferase, alpha-1-3-arabinosyltransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arabinoxylan
Polysaccharide with a backbone of xylose (_ 1,4 linked) with side chains of arabinose (_ 1,3 linked): constituent of hemicellulose of angiosperm cell wall. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

arabitol
C5H12O5; 1,2,3,4,5-pentanepentol;a sugar alcohol obtained from the reduction of arabinose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arabs
Members of a semitic people inhabiting the arabian peninsula or other countries of the middle east and north africa. The term may be used with reference to ancient, medieval, or modern ethnic or cultural groups. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

araC
<molecular biology> In bacteria, the arabinose ara operon regulatory protein. One of a large group of bacterial transcription factors with the helix turn helix motif. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

arachic acid
Synonym for arachidic acid ... CH3(CH2)18COOH;a fatty acid contained in peanut oil, butter, and other fats. ... Synonym: arachic acid, n-eicosanoic acid, n-icosanoic acid. ... Origin: Arachis, fr. G. Arakis, leguminous weed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...