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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

arousal function
The ability of a sensory event to arouse the cortex to vigilance or readiness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arousal reaction
Change in pattern of the brain waves when the subject is suddenly awakened and becomes alert. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

aroyl
The radical of an aromatic acid (e.g., benzoyl); analogous to acyl, the more general term. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arpen
<historical> Formerly, a measure of land in France, varying in different parts of the country. The arpent of Paris was 4,088 sq. Yards, or nearly five sixths of an English acre. The woodland arpent was about 1 acre, 1 rood, 1 perch, English. ... According to Columella, a Gallic word for a measure equiv. To half a Roman jugerum. ... Origin: F. A …

arrangement
1. The act of arranging or putting in an orderly condition; the state of being arranged or put in order; disposition in suitable form. ... 2. The manner or result of arranging; system of parts disposed in due order; regular and systematic classification; as, arrangement of one's dress; the Linnaean arrangement of plants. ... 3. Preparatory proceeding …

arrant
Notoriously or preeminently bad; thorough or downright, in a bad sense; shameless; unmitigated; as, an arrant rogue or coward. 'I discover an arrant laziness in my soul.' (Fuller) ... 2. Thorough or downright, in a good sense. 'An arrant honest woman.' (Burton) ... Origin: OE. Erraunt, errant, errand, equiv. To E. Errant wandering, which was first ap …

arrayed library
<molecular biology> Individual primary recombinant clones (hosted in phage, cosmid, YAC, or other vector) that are placed in two-dimensional arrays in microtiter dishes. ... Each primary clone can be identified by the identity of the plate and the clone location (row and column) on that plate. Arrayed libraries of clones can be used for many a …

arrector
Synonym: erector. ... Origin: L. That which raises, fr. Ar-rigo, pp. -rectus, to raise up ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arrector pili
A microscopic band of muscle tissue which connects a hair follicle to the dermis. When stimulated, the arrector pili will contract and cause the hair to become more perpendicular to the skin surface (stand on end). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arrector pili muscles
Bundles of smooth muscle fibres, attached to the deep part of the hair follicles, passing outward alongside the sebaceous glands to the papillary layer of the corium; they act to pull the hairs erect, causing 'goose bumps' or 'goose flesh' (cutis anserina). ... Synonym: musculi arrectores pilorum, arrectores pilorum, erector muscles of hairs. ... (05 …

arrectores pilorum
Synonym for arrector pili muscles ... Bundles of smooth muscle fibres, attached to the deep part of the hair follicles, passing outward alongside the sebaceous glands to the papillary layer of the corium; they act to pull the hairs erect, causing 'goose bumps' or 'goose flesh' (cutis anserina). ... Synonym: musculi arrectores pilorum, arrectores pilo …

arrest
1. The act of stopping, or restraining from further motion, etc.; stoppage; hindrance; restraint; as, an arrest of development. 'As the arrest of the air showeth.' (Bacon) ... 2. The taking or apprehending of a person by authority of law; legal restraint; custody. Also, a decree, mandate, or warrant. 'William . . . Ordered him to be put under arrest …

arrested dental caries
Carious lesions that have become inactive and stopped progressing; they may exhibit changes in colour and/or consistency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arrested tuberculosis
Synonym for healed tuberculosis ... A scar or a calcified, fibrous, or caseous nodule in the lung pleura, lymph node, or other organ, resulting from previous tuberculosis that has regressed; reactivation is possible. ... Synonym: arrested tuberculosis, inactive tuberculosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arrestin
A 48-kD protein of the outer segment of the retinal rods and a component of the phototransduction cascade. Arrestin quenches g-protein activation by binding to phosphorylated photolyzed rhodopsin. Arrestin causes experimental autoimmune uveitis when injected into laboratory animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arrestins
A family of inhibitory proteins that bind to tyrosine phosphorylated receptors, thereby blocking their interaction with G-proteins and effectively terminating the signalling. Arrestin (s antigen, 48 kD, from retinal rods) competes with transducin for light activated rhodopsin, thus inhibiting the response to light (adaptation). Immune responses to …

arrhaphia
Synonym for status dysraphicus ... A condition in which there is failure of fusion of midline structures; related to syringomyelia and perhaps to Marfan's syndrome or arachnodactyly. ... Synonym: arrhaphia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arrhenic
Relating to arsenic. ... Origin: G. Arrhenikon (var.), arsenic ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arrhenic medication
Treatment of disease by means of the organic preparations of arsenic, the cacodylates, and methylarsinates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arrhenius doctrine
The theory of electrolytic dissociation (1887) that became the basis of our modern understanding of electrolytes: in an electrically conductive solution (e.g., acid, base, or salt), free ions are present before electrolysis, and the proportion of molecules dissociated into ions can be calculated from measurements of electrical conductivity as well …

arrhenius equation
This equation expresses the logarithmic relationship between the rate constant of a reaction and the reciprocal of the temperature (expressed in K). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

Arrhenius law
Synonym for Arrhenius doctrine ... The theory of electrolytic dissociation (1887) that became the basis of our modern understanding of electrolytes: in an electrically conductive solution (e.g., acid, base, or salt), free ions are present before electrolysis, and the proportion of molecules dissociated into ions can be calculated from measurements o …

Arrhenius plot
A plot of the logarithm of reaction rate against the reciprocal of absolute temperature. For a single stage reaction this gives a straight line from which the activation energy and the frequency factor can be determined. Often applied to data from complex biological systems when the form observed is frequently a series of linear portions with sudde …

Arrhenius-Madsen theory
That the reaction of an antigen with its antibody is a reversible reaction, the equilibrium being determined according to the law of mass action by the concentrations of the reacting substances. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arrhenius, Svante
<person> Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate, 1859-1927. ... See: Arrhenius doctrine, Arrhenius equation, Arrhenius law, Arrhenius-Madsen theory. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arrhenoblastoma
<oncology, tumour> A type of ovarian tumour whose sells secrete a male sex hormone (testosterone) causing virilisation in women. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

arrhinencephaly
Congenital absence or rudimentary state of the rhinencephalon, or olfactory lobe of the brain, on one or both sides, with a corresponding lack of development of the external olfactory organs. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + rhis (rhin-), nose, + enkephalos, brain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arrhinia
Synonym: arhinia. ... Origin: G. A-priv. + rhis (rhin-), nose ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arrhythmia
<cardiology, physiology> Any variation from the normal rhythm of the heart beat, including sinus arrhythmia, premature beat, heart block, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, pulsus alternans and paroxysmal tachycardia. ... Origin: Gr. Rhythmos = rhythm ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

arrhythmia, sinus
Irregularity of the heart rate related to functioning of the sinoatrial node. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arrhythmias
Abnormal heart rhythms. The heartbeats may be too slow, too rapid, irregular, or too early. Rapid arrhythmias (greater than 100 beats per minute) are called tachycardias. Slow arrhythmias (slower than 60 beats per minute) are called bradycardias. Irregular heart rhythms are called fibrillations (as in atrial fibrillation). When a single heartbeat o …

arrhythmias, atrial
Abnormal heart rhythm due to electrical disturbances in the atria (the upper chambers of the heart) or the AV node relay station , leading to fast heart beats. Examples of atrial arrhythmias includes atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arrhythmias, rapid
Abnormally rapid heart rhythms, medically termed tachycardia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arrhythmias, slow
Abnormally slow heart rhythms, medically termed bradycardia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arrhythmias, ventricular
Abnormal rapid heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that originate in the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles). Ventricular arrhythmias include ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Both are life threatening arrhythmias most commonly associated with heart attacks or scarring of the heart muscle from previous heart attack. ... (12 Dec …

arrhythmic
Marked by loss of rhythm; pertaining to arrhythmia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arrhythmogenic
<pharmacology, physiology> Producing or promoting arrhythmia. ... Origin: Gr. Rhythmos = rhythm, gennan = to produce ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

arris
The sharp edge or salient angle formed by two surfaces meeting each other, whether plane or curved; applied particularly to the edges in moldings, and to the raised edges which separate the flutings in a Doric column. Arris fillet, a triangular piece of wood used to raise the slates of a roof against a chimney or wall, to throw off the rain. Arris …

arrow point tracing
Synonym for needle point tracing ... A tracing of mandibular movements made by means of a device attached to the opposing arches; its shape resembles that of an arrowhead or a Gothic arch, and when the instrument's marking point is at the apex of the arch, the jaws are considered to be in centric relation. ... Synonym: arrow point tracing, Gothic arc …

arrow poison
Any natural toxin used for coating arrows, spears, and darts (e.g., extracts containing aconitin, ouabain, cardiac glycosides, batrachotoxin, curare, etc.). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arrowhead
1. <botany> An aquatic plant of the genus Sagittaria, especially. S. Sagittifolia, named from the shape of the leaves. ... 2. <cell biology> Fanciful description given to the pattern of myosin molecules attached to a filament of F actin. Easier to see if tannic acid is added to the fixative. The arrowheads indicate the polarity of the fi …

arrowroot
1. <botany> A west Indian plant of the genus Maranta, especially. M. Arundinacea, now cultivated in many hot countries. It said that the Indians used the roots to neutralize the venom in wounds made by poisoned arrows. ... 2. A nutritive starch obtained from the rootstocks of Maranta arundinacea, and used as food, especially. For children an i …

Arruga
Count Hermenegildo, Spanish ophthalmologist, 1886-1972. ... See: Arruga's forceps. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Arruga's forceps
Forceps for the intracapsular extraction of a cataract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsacetin
P-Acetamidobenzenearsonic acid;formerly used as an antisyphilitic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsanilic acid
An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals. (4-aminophenyl)-arsonic acid monosodium salt. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arsenamide
<chemical> Proposed chemotherapeutic agent against filaria and trichomonas. ... Pharmacological action: filaricides. ... Chemical name: Acetic acid, 2,2'-(((4-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl)arsinidene)bis(thio))bis- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arsenates
<chemistry> Inorganic or organic salts and esters of arsenic acid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arsenazo III
<chemical> Metallochrome indicator that changes colour when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo. ... Pharmacological action: dyes, indicators and reagents. ... Chemical name: 2,7-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 3,6-bis((2-arsonophenyl)azo)-4,5-dihydroxy- ... (12 …

arseniasis
Chronic arsenical poisoning. ... Synonym: arsenicalism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenic
1. <chemistry> One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking with the nonmetals. It is of a steel-gray colour and brilliant luster, though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and sublimes at 356 deg Fahrenheit. It is sometimes found native, but usually co …

arsenic acid
<chemical> The hydrate of arsenic oxide or arsenic pentoxide which forms arsenates with certain bases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenic pigmentation
Generalised but spotty increased melanin pigmentation of the skin in chronic arsenic poisoning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenic poisoning
A severe poisoning that occurs after the exposure (ingested or inhaled). Signs and symptoms include: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, rapid heart rate, apprehension and difficulty breathing. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

arsenic trioxide
As2O3;dissolves in water to give arsenous acid, H3AsO3; used in the treatment of skin diseases and malaria, and as a tonic; also used externally as a caustic. ... Synonym: arsenous oxide, white arsenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenic-fast
Resistant to the poisonous action of arsenic; denoting especially spirochetes and other protozoan parasites, which acquire resistance after repeated administration of the drug. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenical
1. <pharmacology> A drug or agent, the effect of which depends on its arsenic content. ... 2. Denoting or containing arsenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenical keratosis
Multiple keratoses, most commonly of the palms and soles but also of the fingers and proximal portions of the extremities, resulting from long-term arsenic ingestion; they resemble Bowen's disease microscopically and may become malignant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenical polyneuropathy
An axon loss polyneuropathy that results from subacute or chronic arsenic poisoning; almost always preceded by gastrointestinal symptoms; one of the heavy metal neuropathies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenical tremor
A tremor caused by chronic poisoning by arsenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenicalism
Synonym for arseniasis ... Chronic arsenical poisoning. ... Synonym: arsenicalism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenicals
<chemical> Inorganic or organic compounds that contain arsenic. ... Pharmacological action: sulfhydryl reagents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arsenite oxidase
<enzyme> Two n-terminal amino acid iron-sulfur protein containing molybdenum; detoxifies arsenite to arsenate ... Registry number: EC 1.16.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arsenites
Inorganic salts or oganic esters of arsenious acid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arsenium
Synonym for arsenic ... 1. <chemistry> One of the elements, a solid substance resembling a metal in its physical properties, but in its chemical relations ranking with the nonmetals. It is of a steel-gray colour and brilliant luster, though usually dull from tarnish. It is very brittle, and sublimes at 356 deg Fahrenheit. It is sometimes found …

arsenotherapy
Therapeutic treatment with arsenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenous
1. Denoting a compound of arsenic with a valence of +3. ... 2. Arsenic (adj.). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenous acid
See: arsenic trioxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenous oxide
Synonym for arsenic trioxide ... As2O3;dissolves in water to give arsenous acid, H3AsO3; used in the treatment of skin diseases and malaria, and as a tonic; also used externally as a caustic. ... Synonym: arsenous oxide, white arsenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsenoxides
Oxidation products in the body of arsphenamines; believed to be the agents active against spirochetes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsonic acid
A derivative of arsenic acid by replacement of a hydroxyl group by an organic radical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsonium
The positively charged ion, AsH4+; analogous to the ammonium ion, NH4+. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arsphenamine
<chemical> Pharmacological action: antitreponemal agents. ... Chemical name: Phenol, 4,4'-(1,2-diarsenediyl)bis(2-amino-, dihydrochloride ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arsthinol
Cyclic (hydroxymethyl)ethylene ester of 3-acetamido-4-hydroxydithiobenzenearsonous acid;an amoebicide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

art
1. The employment of means to accomplish some desired end; the adaptation of things in the natural world to the uses of life; the application of knowledge or power to practical purposes. 'Blest with each grace of nature and of art.' (Pope) ... 2. A system of rules serving to facilitate the performance of certain actions; a system of principles and r …

art therapy
The use of art as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of neurological, mental, or behavioural disorders. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

artefact
Synonym for artifact ... Something artificial, a distortion that does not reflect normal anatomy or pathology, not usually found in the body. For example: in radiology, the appearance on an X-ray of a surgical metal clip that obscures the clear view of an anatomical structure. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

Artemia trypsin-like proteinase
<enzyme> Cysteine proteinase involved in lipovitellin degradation ... Registry number: EC 3.4.22.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

arterenol
The hydrochloride salt of norepinephrine. ... See: norepinephrine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteri-
See: arterio-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria
Synonym: artery. ... See: branch. ... Origin: L. From G. Arteria, the windpipe, later an artery as distinct from a vein ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria acetabuli
Synonym for acetabular branch ... An arterial branch that supplies the acetabulum; two arteries, the obturator and the medial femoral circumflex, have such branches. ... Synonym: ramus acetabularis, acetabular artery, arteria acetabuli. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria alveolaris inferior
Synonym for inferior alveolar artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, 1st part of maxillary artery; distribution, through mandibular foramen/canal to lower teeth and chin; branches, artery to mylohyoid, mental artery, dental arteries. ... Synonym: arteria alveolaris inferior, inferior dental artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria anastomotica magna
Synonym for inferior ulnar collateral artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, brachial; distribution, arm muscles at back of elbow; anastomoses, anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent, superior ulnar collateral, profunda brachii, and recurrent interosseous, as part of the articular network of the elbow. ... Synonym: arteria collateralis ulnaris in …

arteria angularis
Synonym for angular artery ... <anatomy, artery> The terminal branch of the facial artery; distribution, muscles and skin of side of nose; anastomoses, lateral nasal, and dorsal artery of nose and palpebrals from the ophthalmic artery, thereby providing an external-internal carotid arterial anastomosis. ... Synonym: artery of angular gyrus. ... …

arteria aorta
Synonym for aorta ... <anatomy> The largest artery in the body which has its origin at the heart. It gives off branches to the extremities, neck and major organs for the purpose of supplying oxygenated blood. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

arteria appendicularis
Synonym for appendicular artery ... <anatomy, artery> The branch of the ileocolic artery that descends posterior to the terminal ileum in the mesoappendix to supply the vermiform appendix. ... Synonym: arteria appendicularis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria arcuata
Synonym for arcuate artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, dorsalis pedis; branches, passes laterally dorsal to the bases of the metatarsals, giving rise to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th dorsal metatarsal arteries at the level of the medial cuneiform bone. ... Synonym: arteria arcuata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria articularis azygos
Synonym for middle genicular artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, popliteal; distribution, synovial membrane and cruciate ligaments of knee joint. ... Synonym: arteria genus media, arteria articularis azygos. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria ascendens
Synonym: ascending artery. ... Synonym: ascending branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria auditiva interna
Synonym for labyrinthine artery ... <anatomy, artery> Internal acoustic meatal branch. A branch of the basilar artery that enters the labyrinth through the internal acoustic meatus. ... Synonym: arteria labyrinthi, ramus meatus acustici interni, arteria auditiva interna, artery of labyrinth, internal auditory artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria auricularis posterior
Synonym for posterior auricular artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin: posterior aspect of external carotid just above the digastric muscle; course: ascends first between parotid gland and styloid process then between cartilage of auricle and the mastoid process; branches: muscular (digastric, stylohyoid and sternocleidomastoid), glandular (paro …

arteria auricularis profunda
Synonym for deep auricular artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, first part of maxillary; distribution, articulation of jaw, parotid gland, and external acoustic meatus and external tympanic membrane; anastomoses, auricular branches of superficial temporal and posterior auricular. ... Synonym: arteria auricularis profunda. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria axillaris
Synonym for axillary artery ... <anatomy, artery> The continuation of the subclavian artery; it distributes over the upper limb, axilla, chest and shoulder. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arteria basilaris
Synonym for basilar artery ... <anatomy, artery> Supplies the pons and gives rise to the vertebral arteries, Provides branches to the cerebrum and cerebellum. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

arteria brachialis
Synonym for brachial artery ... <anatomy, artery> The artery that runs from the shoulder down to the elbow. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

arteria brachialis superficialis
Synonym for superficial brachial artery ... <anatomy, artery> An occasional variation in which the brachial artery lies superficial to the median nerve in the arm. ... Synonym: arteria brachialis superficialis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria buccalis
Synonym for buccal artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, maxillary; distribution, buccinator muscle, skin, and mucous membrane of cheek; anastomoses, buccal branch of facial. ... Synonym: arteria buccalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria bulbi penis
Synonym for artery of bulb of penis ... A branch of the internal pudendal artery which supplies the bulb of the penis including the bulbar urethra. ... Synonym: arteria bulbi penis, arteria bulbi urethrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

arteria bulbi urethrae
Synonym for artery of bulb of penis ... A branch of the internal pudendal artery which supplies the bulb of the penis including the bulbar urethra. ... Synonym: arteria bulbi penis, arteria bulbi urethrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...