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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

major depression
A clinical syndrome that includes a persistent sad mood or loss of interest in activities that persists for at least 2 weeks in the absence of external precipitants. This should not be confused with a grief reaction (death of loved one). Features may include change in eating habits, insomnia, early morning wakening, lack of interest, depressed mood …

major duodenal papilla
Point of opening of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum; it is located posteriorly in the descending part of the duodenum. ... Synonym: papilla duodeni major, bile papilla, papilla of Vater, Santorini's major caruncle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

major epilepsy
Synonym for generalised tonic-clonic seizure ... tonic-clonic seizure ...

major fissure
Synonym for oblique fissure of lung ... The deep fissure in each lung that runs obliquely downward and forward. It divides the upper and lower lobes of the left lung and separates the upper and middle lobes from the lower lobe of the right lung. ... Synonym: fissura obliqua pulmonis, major fissure, oblique fissure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

major forceps
Occipital radiation of the corpus callosum; that part of the fibre radiation of the corpus callosum which bends sharply backward into the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. ... Synonym: forceps major, forceps posterior, occipital part of corpus callosum, pars occipitalis corporis callosi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

major groove
In a detailed analysis of DNA structure, there are two types of grooves that can be seen; the major groove has the nitrogen and oxygen atoms of the base pairs pointing inward toward the helical axis, while in the minor groove, the nitrogen and oxygen atoms point outwards; important because the major groove is more dependent on base composition and …

major hippocampus
Synonym for hippocampus ... <anatomy> Area of mammallian brain and an important preparation for the study of synaptic plasticity. The hippocampus has been known since the 1950s to be important for long term memory storage in humans and other mammals, it is essential for initial storing of long-term memory for a period of days to weeks before t …

major histocompatabilty complex
<immunology> A cluster of genes on chromosome 6 concerned with antigen production and critical to transplantation. The MHC includes the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

major histocompatibility antigen
<immunology> A set of plasmalemmal glycoprotein antigens involved in rapid (e.g. 7 days in the mouse) graft rejection and other immune phenomena. The minor histocompatibility antigens are involved in much slower rejection phenomena. The major antigens show remarkable polymorphism and occur as Class I and Class II types in mammals, birds may h …

major histocompatibility complex
The set of gene loci specifying major histocompatibility antigens, for example HLA in man, H 2 in mice, RLA in rabbits, RT 1 in rats, DLA in dogs, SLA in pigs, etc. ... Acronym: MHC ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

major hypnosis
A state of extreme suggestibility in hypnosis in which the subject is insensible to all outside impressions except the commands of the hypnotist. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

major hysteria
A syndrome, now rarely seen, described by Charcot and characterised by a first stage of aura, a second stage of epileptoid convulsions, a third stage of tonic and clonic spasms, a fourth stage of dramatic behaviour, and a fifth stage of delirium; the entire attack may last from a few minutes to half an hour. Sometimes used as a synonym for hysteroe …

major intrinsic protein
<protein> Family of structurally related proteins with 6 transmembrane segments, associated with gap junctions or vacuoles. MIP is found in lens fibre gap junctions. Other members: nodulin 26 (soybean), tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) found in plant storage vacuoles, Drosophila neurogenic protein big brain. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

major mood disorder
See: bipolar disorder, affective psychosis, endogenous depression, dysthymia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

major motor seizure
A grand mal seizure or other convulsive seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

major operation
An extensive, relatively difficult surgical procedure involving vital organs and/or in itself hazardous to life. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

major salivary glands
A category of salivary gland's that includes the three largest gland's of the oral cavity that also secrete most of the saliva: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual gland's. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

major source
A source that emits, or has the potential to emit, a pollutant regulated under the Clean Air act in excess of a specified rate in a nonattainment area. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

major sublingual duct
The duct that drains the anterior portion of the sublingual gland; it opens at the sublingual papilla. ... Synonym: ductus sublingualis major, Bartholin's duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

major surgery
See: major operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

major tranquilliser
Synonym for antipsychotic agent ... A functional category of neuroleptic drugs that are helpful in the treatment of psychosis and have a capacity to ameliorate thought disorders (e.g., chlorpromazine, haloperidol). ... See: neuroleptic. ... Synonym: antipsychotic, major tranquilliser. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mak protein kinase
<enzyme> A testis-specific kinase expressed in the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis in rat; one of the physiological substrates is a 210 kD phosphoprotein; distantly related to cdc2 kinase; has been sequenced ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: mak gene product, male germ cell-associated kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

MAK-L protein kinase
<enzyme> Putative protein serine threonine kinase from microtubules, nuclei and centromeres of cho-k1 cells; 72% identical to human kiaa0204 protein; genbank af002245 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: microtubule-associated kinase, large, 3d2 protein, cho-k1 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

MAK-related kinase
<enzyme> A cdc2-related serine/threonine kinase; shows 87% idnetity to the male-germ cell associated kinase (mak); mw 66 kD; genbank d26178 ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: mrk kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

make
A companion; a mate; often, a husband or a wife. 'For in this world no woman is Worthy to be my make.' (Chaucer) ... Origin: AS. Maca, gemaca. See Match. ... 1. To cause to exist; to bring into being; to form; to produce; to frame; to fashion; to create. Hence, in various specific uses or applications: To form of materials; to cause to exist in a cer …

Makeham, William Matthew
<person> English actuary, +1892. ... See: Makeham's hypothesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Makeham's hypothesis
A development of Gompertz' hypothesis as to the force of mortality following some mathematical law. Makeham assumed that death was the consequence of two generally coexisting causes: 1) chance; 2) a deterioration or increased inability to withstand destruction. The first of these is constant, the second is an increasing geometrical progression. ... …

mal
<prefix> A prefix meaning ill, bad; the opposite of eu-. Often relates to a disease or disorder. ... Compare: dys-, caco-. ... Origin: Fr. Fr. L. Malum, an evil, L. Malus, bad ... (21 Jun 2000) ...

mal de caderas
A disease of horses in some South American countries caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma equinum and manifested by emaciation, remittent fever, weakness (especially of the hindquarters, from which the disease gets its name), and eventually death; the trypanosome has a reservoir in the giant rodent, the capybara; cattle, sheep, and goats ar …

mal de la rosa
Synonym: pellagra. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mal de los pintos
Synonym for pinta ... An infectious disease of the skin caused by treponema carateum that occurs only in the western hemisphere. Age of onset is between 10 and 20 years of age. This condition is characterised by marked changes in the skin colour and is believed to be transmitted by direct person-to-person contact. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mal de Meleda
Endemic symmetrical keratoderma of the extremities occurring on the island of Meleda off the coast of Dalmatia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mal de mer
Synonym for seasickness ... A form of motion sickness caused by the motion of a floating platform, such as a ship, boat, or raft. ... Synonym: mal de mer, naupathia, vomitus marinus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mal perforant
Synonym for perforating ulcer of foot ... A round, deep, trophic ulcer of the sole of the foot, following disease or injury, in any part of its course from the centre to the periphery of the nerve supplying the part. ... Synonym: mal perforant. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mala
An alternative term for cheek, or zygomatic bone. ... Origin: L. Cheek bone ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malabar
1. <geography> A region in the western part of the Peninsula of India, between the mountains and the sea. ... 2. <botany> Malabar nut, the seed of an East Indian acanthaceous shrub, the Adhatoda Vasica, sometimes used medicinally. ... (28 Oct 1998) ...

Malabar itch
Synonym for tinea imbricata ... An eruption consisting of a number of concentric rings of overlapping scales forming papulosquamous patches scattered over the body; it occurs in tropical climates and is caused by the fungus Trichophyton concentricum. ... Synonym: herpes desquamans, Malabar itch, Oriental ringworm, scaly ringworm, tinea tropicalis, To …

malabsorption
<gastroenterology> Impaired intestinal absorption of nutrients. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

malabsorption syndrome
<syndrome> A variety of conditions in which digestion and absorption in the small intestine are impaired. Multiple causes including lymphoma, amyloid and other infiltrations, Crohn's disease, gluten sensitive enteropathy and the sprue syndrome in which the villi atrophy for unknown reasons. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

malabsorption syndromes
General term for syndromes of malnutrition due to failure of normal intestinal absorption of nutrients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Malacarne
Michele V.G., Italian surgeon, 1744-1816. ... See: Malacarne's pyramid, Malacarne's space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Malacarne's space
Synonym for posterior perforated substance ... The bottom of the interpeduncular fossa at the base of the midbrain, extending from the anterior border of the pons forward to the mamillary bodies, and containing numerous openings for the passage of perforating branches of the posterior cerebral arteries. ... Synonym: substantia perforata posterior, lo …

malachite
<chemical> Native hydrous carbonate of copper, usually occurring in green mammillary masses with concentric fibrous structure. ... Green malachite, or malachite proper, admits of a high polish, and is sometimes used for ornamental work. Blue malachite, or azurite, is a related species of a deep blue colour. Malachite green. See Emerald green, …

malachite green
Tetramethyl-di-p-aminotriphenylcarbinol;a dye that has been used as a wound antiseptic, as a treatment of mycotic skin infections, and in biological staining of tissues and bacteria. ... Origin: G. Malache, a mallow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malacia
Means softening. Osteomalacia is thus softening of bone (due to deficiency of calcium and vitamin d). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malacic
Synonym for malacotic ... Pertaining to or characterised by malacia. ... Synonym: malacic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malaco-
Soft, softening. ... Origin: G. Malakos, soft; malakia, a softness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malacology
<marine biology, study> The science which relates to the structure and habits of mollusks. ... Origin: Gr. Soft: cf. F. Malacologie. ... (19 Mar 1998) ...

malacoplakia
The formation of soft patches on the mucous membrane of a hollow organ, such as the urogenital tract or digestive tract. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malacopoda
<zoology> A class of air-breathing Arthropoda; called also Protracheata, and Onychophora. ... They somewhat resemble myriapods, and have from seventeen to thirty-three pairs of short, imperfectly jointed legs, two pairs of simple jaws, and a pair of antennae. The trancheae are connected with numerous spiracles scattered over the surface of the …

malacosis
Synonym for malacia ... Means softening. Osteomalacia is thus softening of bone (due to deficiency of calcium and vitamin d). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malacotic
Pertaining to or characterised by malacia. ... Synonym: malacic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malacotomy
<procedure> An obsolete term for incision of soft parts, especially of the abdominal wall. ... Origin: malaco-+ G. Tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malactic
Synonym: emollient. ... Origin: G. Malaktikos, softening ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maladie
Synonym: malady. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maladie de Roger
Synonym for Roger's disease ... A congenital cardiac anomaly consisting of a small, isolated, asymptomatic defect of the interventricular septum. ... Synonym: maladie de Roger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maladie des jambes
Ill-defined disease seen among rice-growers in Louisiana. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maladjustment
In the mental health professions, an inability to cope with the problems and challenges of everyday living. ... Origin: mal-+ adjust, fr. O.Fr. Adjuster, fr. L.L. Adjuxto, to put close to, + -ment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malady
Origin: F. Maladie, fr. Malade ill, sick, OF. Also, malabde, fr. L. Male habitus, i. E, ill-kept, not in good condition. See Malice, and Habit. ... 1. Any disease of the human body; a distemper, disorder, or indisposition, proceeding from impaired, defective, or morbid organic functions; especially, a lingering or deep-seated disorder. 'The maladies …

malagma
A cataplasm or emollient. ... Origin: G. A poultice ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malaise
A vague feeling of bodily discomfort. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

malakoplakia
<radiology> Granulomatous response to chronic UTIs, females (80%), not pre-malignant, lower 2/3 of urinary tract, usually bladder, also ureters, multiple flat plaques (filling d, Michaelis-Guttman bodies Cf: leukoplakia ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malalignment
Displacement of a tooth or teeth from a normal position in the dental arch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malar arch
Synonym for zygomatic arch ... The arch formed by the temporal process of the zygomatic bone that joins the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. ... Synonym: arcus zygomaticus, cheek bone, malar arch, zygoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malar bone
Synonym for zygomatic bone ... A quadrilateral bone which forms the prominence of the cheek; it articulates with the frontal, sphenoid, temporal, and maxillary bone. ... Synonym: os zygomaticum, cheek bone, jugal bone, mala, malar bone, os malare, yoke bone, zygoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malar flush
Localised hectic flush and warmth of the malar eminences, often occurring in tuberculosis and sometimes seen in rheumatic fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malar fold
An ill-defined groove in the skin that extends downward and medially from the lateral canthus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malar foramen
Synonym for zygomaticofacial foramen ... The opening on the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone below the orbital margin that transmits the zygomaticofacial nerve. ... Synonym: foramen zygomaticofaciale, malar foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malar lymph node
One of the facial lymph nodes located near the zygomatic minor muscle. ... Synonym: nodus malaris, malar node. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malar node
Synonym for malar lymph node ... One of the facial lymph nodes located near the zygomatic minor muscle. ... Synonym: nodus malaris, malar node. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malar point
Apex of the tuberosity of the zygomatic (malar) bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malar process
Synonym for zygomatic process of maxilla ... The rough projection from the maxilla that articulates with the zygomatic bone. ... Synonym: malar process, processus zygomaticus maxillae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malaria
In humans, the set of diseases caused by infection by the protozoans Plasmodium vivax causing the tertian type, P. Malariae the quartan type and P. Falciparum the quotidian or irregular type of disease, the names referring to the frequency of fevers. The fevers occur when the merozoites are released from the erythrocytes. The organisms are transmit …

malaria comatosa
Falciparum malaria complicated by coma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malaria vaccines
Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from p. Berghei which causes malaria in rodents. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malaria, avian
Any of a group of infections of fowl caused by protozoa of the genera plasmodium, leucocytozoon, and haemoproteus. The life cycles of these parasites and the disease produced bears strong resemblance to those observed in human malaria. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malaria, cerebral
A condition that is most commonly seen as a severe complication of malaria, falciparum mainly involving the brain. It has also been reported to occur as a result of infection with other plasmodium species. This disease is often fatal and presents as disturbances in consciousness ranging from somnolence to coma, major motor seizures, and organic psy …

malaria, falciparum
The most dangerous type of malaria. Persons carrying the sickle cell gene have some protection against malaria. Persons with a gene for haemoglobin c (another abnormal haemoglobin like sickle haemoglobin), thalassaemia trait or deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) are thought also to have partial protection against mala …

malaria, vivax
Malaria caused by plasmodium vivax. This form of malaria is less severe than malaria, falciparum, but there is a higher probability for relapses to occur. Febrile paroxysms often occur every other day. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malariae malaria
A malarial fever with paroxysms that recur every 72 hours or every fourth day, reckoning the day of the paroxysm as the first; due to the schizogony and release of merozoites from infected cells, with invasion of new red blood corpuscles by Plasmodium malariae. ... Synonym: quartan fever, quartan malaria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malarial
Pertaining to or affected with malaria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malarial cachexia
Synonym for chronic malaria ... Malaria that develops after frequently repeated attacks of one of the acute forms, usually falciparum malaria; it is characterised by profound anaemia, enlargement of the spleen, emaciation, mental depression, sallow complexion, oedema of ankles, feeble digestion, and muscular weakness. ... Synonym: limnaemia, malarial …

malarial crescent
The male or female gametocyte(s) of Plasmodium falciparum, whose presence in human red blood cells is diagnostic of falciparum malaria. ... Synonym: crescent, sickle form. ... Myopic crescent, a white or grayish white crescentic area in the fundus of the eye located on the temporal side of the optic disk; caused by atrophy of the choroid, permitting …

malarial haemoglobinuria
A condition, now uncommon, resulting from Plasmodium falciparum infection (malignant tertian malaria with severe haemolysis); frequently seen in Caucasians after interrupted treatment with quinine. ... Synonym: blackwater fever, haemoglobinuric fever, West African fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malarial knobs
Rounded protrusions of a red blood cell infected with Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for the adhesion of infected red cells to one another and to the endothelium of the blood vessels containing these infected cells; results in capillary blockage responsible for much of the pathology of malignant tertian malaria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malarial periodicity
A clinical rhythmicity reflected in periodic fevers and chills recurring at approximately 48-hour intervals in tertian malaria (Plasmodium vivax or P. Ovale) or at 72-hour intervals in quartan malaria (Periodicity malariae); the rhythm of tertian or 48-hour cycles is frequently modified in malignant tertian or falciparum malaria (P. Falciparum); as …

malarial pigment
A dark brown, granular pigment which rotates the plane of polarised light and has other properties similar to formalin pigment; occurs in parasites, such as Plasmodium malariae, around brain capillaries, and in fixed macrophages of spleen, liver, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. ... See: malarial pigment stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malarial pigment stain
<technique> A stain using phloxine-toluidine blue O sequence; malarial pigment and nuclei are bluish, erythrocytes and cytoplasm are red to orange; found in phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malariology
A study of malaria in all aspects, with particular reference to epidemiology and control. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malarious
Of or pertaining, to or infected by, malaria. ... <medicine> Malarial fever, a fever produced by malaria, and characterised by the occurrence of chills, fever, and sweating in distinct paroxysms, at intervals of definite and often uniform duration, in which these symptoms are wholly absent (intermittent fever), or only partially so (remittent …

Malassez, Louis
<person> French physiologist, 1842-1910. ... See: Malassezia, Malassez' epithelial rests. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Malassez' epithelial rests
Epithelial remains of Hertwig's root sheath in the periodontal ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malassezia
A hypomycete ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Malassezia furfur
A fungus species which causes tinea versicolor and which may cause folliculitis. ... Synonym: Pityrosporum orbiculare. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Malassezia ovalis
A species of yeast found in superficial epidermal scales and hair follicles on oily skin, of borderline pathogenicity; may cause seborrheic dermatitis associated with immune deficiency. ... Synonym: Pityrosporum ovale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malate ATP lyase
<chemical> Composed of malyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.9) and malyl-CoA lyase (EC 4.3.24) ... Synonym: malate lyase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

malate carboxy-lyase
<enzyme> Decarboxylates l-malic acid to l-lactic acid and co2 with traces of pyruvic acid ... Registry number: EC 4.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

malate dehydrogenase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of (s)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. ... Chemical name: (S)-Malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.37 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malate oxidase
<enzyme> Fad-dependent ... Registry number: EC 1.1.3.3 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

malate permease
<chemical> Isolated from leuconostoc oenos. ... Synonym: mlep gene product, malate transporter ... (26 Jun 1999) ...