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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

manufactured materials
Substances and materials manufactured for use in various technologies and industries and for domestic use. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

manure
1. To cultivate by manual labour; to till; hence, to develop by culture. 'To whom we gave the strand for to manure.' (Surrey) 'Manure thyself then; to thyself be improved; And with vain, outward things be no more moved.' (Donne) ... 2. To apply manure to; to enrich, as land, by the application of a fertilizing substance. 'The blood of English shall …

manus cava
A condition of extreme concavity of the palm of the hand. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manus extensa
Clubhand with deviation backward. ... Synonym: manus superextensa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manus flexa
Clubhand with forward deviation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manus plana
Loss of normal arches of the hand. ... Synonym: flat hand. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manus superextensa
Synonym for manus extensa ... Clubhand with deviation backward. ... Synonym: manus superextensa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manus valga
Clubhand with deviation to the ulnar side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manus vara
Clubhand with deviation to the radial side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

many
Consisting of a great number; numerous; not few. 'Thou shalt be a father of many nations.' (Gen. Xvii. 4) 'Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called.' (1 Cor. I. 26) ... Many is freely prefixed to participles, forming compounds which need no special explanation; as, many-angled, many-celled, many-eyed, many-foote …

manzanita
<botany> A name given to several species of Arctostaphylos, but mostly to A. Glauca and A. Pungens, shrubs of California, Oregon, etc, with reddish smooth bark, ovate or oval coriaceous evergreen leaves, and bearing clusters of red berries, which are said to be a favorite food of the grizzly bear. ... Origin: Sp, dim. Of munzana an apple. ... S …

MAO
<abbreviation> Monoamine oxidase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

MAOI
Synonym for monoamine oxidase inhibitor ... <pharmacology> A drug that interferes with the action of monoamine oxidase, slowing the breakdown of certain neurotransmitters. Used in the treatment of depression. ... Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are a group of antidepressant drugs that prevent the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase in the cen …

map
1. A representation of the surface of the earth, or of some portion of it, showing the relative position of the parts represented; usually on a flat surface. Also, such a representation of the celestial sphere, or of some part of it. ... There are five principal kinds of projection used in making maps: the orthographic, the stereographic, the globua …

map distance
The degree of separation of two loci on a linkage map, measured in morgans or centimorgans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

MAP kinase
Mitogen activated protein kinases. (ERKs: externally regulated kinases) Serine threonine kinases that are activated when quiescent cells are treated with mitogens and therefore potentially transmit signal for entry into cell cycle. One target is trancription factor p62TCF. MAP kinase itself can be phosphorylated by MAP kinase kinase and this may in …

MAP kinase kinase kinase
<enzyme> From pc12 cells; reactivates map kinase kinase inactivated by protein phosphatase 2a by phosphorylation of serine residues; tak1 (tgf-beta-activated kinase 1) is a member of the mapkkk family; genbank ab006787 (mouse) ... Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- ... Synonym: mapkkk, tak1 mapkkk, ask1 (kinase), apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1< …

map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy
Fingerprint dystrophy accompanied by map-like patterns and microcystic epithelial inclusions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

map, contig
A map depicting the relative order of a linked library of small overlapping clones representing a complete chromosome segment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

map, linkage
A map of the genes on a chromosome based on linkage analysis. A linkage map does not show the physical distances between genes but rather their relative positions, as determined by how often two gene loci are inherited together. The closer two genes are (the more tightly they are linked), the more often they will be inherited together. Linkage dist …

map, physical
A map of the locations of identifiable landmarks on chromosomes. Physical distance is measured in base pairs. The physical map differs from the genetic map which is based purely on genetic linkage data. In the human genome, the lowest-resolution physical map is the banding patterns of the 24 different chromosomes. The highest-resolution physical ma …

MAPKAP kinase-2 reactivating kinase
<enzyme> A mapk-like enzyme; homologous to p42(mapk) and p44(mapk); activated by phosphorylation of serine/threonine and tyrosine residues ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: mapkap kinase-2 rk ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

maple
<botany> A tree of the genus Acer, including about fifty species. A. Saccharinum is the rock maple, or sugar maple, from the sap of which sugar is made, in the United States, in great quantities, by evaporation; the red or swamp maple is A. Rubrum; the silver maple, A. Dasycarpum, having fruit wooly when young; the striped maple, A. Pennsylva …

maple bark disease
<radiology> Type of extrinsic allergic alveolitis, source: moldy maple bark in saw mills, organism: Cryptostroma corticale ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

maple sugar
Sucrose extracted from the sap of the sugar maple, Acer saccharinum. ... Synonym: saccharum canadense. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maple syrup urine
See: maple syrup urine disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maple syrup urine disease
Hereditary disease due to deficiency of an enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism, characterised by urine that smells like maple syrup. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

maplike skull
Various defects in the skull, especially in the temporal bone, the anterior fossa, and orbits, forming irregular outlines resembling the national boundaries in an atlas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mappine
Synonym for bufotenine ... <chemical> An indole alkaloid with hallucinogenic effects, isolated from Piptadenia spp (Mimosidae), first isolated from skin glands of toad (Bufo sp). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mapping
See: gene mapping, linkage map, physical map. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

mapping function
In linkage analysis, a formula that converts the recombination fraction (which is on the probability scale) into map distance (in morgans). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mapping, gene
Charting the positions of genes on chromosome and learning the distance, in linkage units or physical units, between genes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

maprotiline
<drug> This drug is used to treat depression, it works by blocking the uptake of noradrenaline in the brain. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

MAPs
Microtubule-associated proteins, may form part of the electron lucent zone around a microtubule. MAP1A and 1B approximately 350 kD) from brain, form projections from microtubules, MAP2A and 2B (270 kD) are also from brain microtubules and form projections. MAP3 (180 kD) and MAP4 (220-240 kD) have been described as co purifying with MAPs 1 and 2. Mi …

mar
1. To make defective; to do injury to, especially. By cutting off or defacing a part; to impair; to disfigure; to deface. 'I pray you mar no more trees with wiring love songs in their barks.' (Shak) 'But mirth is marred, and the good cheer is lost.' (Dryden) 'Ire, envy, and despair Which marred all his borrowed visage.' (Milton) ... 2. To spoil; to …

marabou
1. <zoology> A large stork of the genus Leptoptilos (formerly Ciconia), especially. The African species (L. Crumenifer), which furnishes plumes worn as ornaments. The Asiatic species (L. Dubius, or L. Argala) is the adjutant. See Adjutant. ... Alternative forms: marabu. ... 2. One having five eighths negro blood; the offspring of a mulatto and …

Maranon, Gregorio
<person> Spanish endocrinologist, 1887-1960. ... See: Maranon's sign, syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Maranon's sign
<clinical sign> In Graves' disease, a vasomotor reaction following stimulation of the skin over the throat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Maranon's syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome characterised by ovarian insufficiency, scoliosis, and flat-feet. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marantic
Synonym: marasmic. ... Origin: G. Marantikos, wasting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marantic atrophy
Synonym for marasmus ... <medicine> A wasting of flesh without fever or apparent disease; a kind of consumption; atrophy; phthisis. 'Pining atrophy, Marasmus, and wide-wasting pestilence.' (Milton) Marasmus senilis [L], progressive atrophy of the aged. ... Origin: NL, fr. Gr, fr, to quench, as fire; pass, to die away. ... Source: Websters Dictio …

marantic endocarditis
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with cancer and other debilitating diseases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marantic oedema
Synonym for cachectic oedema ... Oedema occurring in diseases characterised by wasting and hypoproteinaemia; due to low plasma oncotic pressure. ... Synonym: marantic oedema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marasmic
Relating to or suffering from marasmus. ... Synonym: marantic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marasmic thrombosis
Synonym for atrophic thrombosis ... Thrombosis due to feebleness of the circulation, as in marasmus. ... Synonym: marantic thrombosis, marasmic thrombosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marasmic thrombus
A thrombus formed in cases of marasmus or general debility. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marasmoid
Resembling marasmus. ... Origin: G. Marasmos, withering, + eidos, resemblance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marathon group psychotherapy
A type of group psychotherapy characterised by uninterrupted sessions for periods of hours or days, with minimal interruptions for food and rest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marble
1. A massive, compact limestone; a variety of calcite, capable of being polished and used for architectural and ornamental purposes. The colour varies from white to black, being sometimes yellow, red, and green, and frequently beautifully veined or clouded. The name is also given to other rocks of like use and appearance, as serpentine or verd anti …

marble bone disease
Synonym for osteopetrosis ... The formation of abnormally dense bone, as opposed to osteoporosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

marble bones
Synonym for osteopetrosis ... The formation of abnormally dense bone, as opposed to osteoporosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

marble cutters' phthisis
An obsolete term for calcicosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marburg disease
Infection with an unusual rhabdovirus composed of RNA and lipid, tentatively assigned to the family of Filoviridae. Virus is 'pantropic' and affects most organ systems.The disease is characterised by a prominent rash and haemorrhages in many organs and is often fatal. First seen among laboratory workers in Marburg, Germany, exposed to African green …

Marburg virus
<organism, virology> A filovirus that causes Marburg disease, a severe haemorrhagic fever developed in many people who work with African green monkeys. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

marburg virus disease
An RNA virus infection of rhesus, vervet, and squirrel monkeys transmissible to man. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Marcacci, Arturo
<person> Italian physiologist, 1854-1915. ... See: Marcacci's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marcacci's muscle
<anatomy> A sheet of smooth muscle fibres underlying the areola and nipple of the mammary gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marcescent
Withering without falling off. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

march
A territorial border or frontier; a region adjacent to a boundary line; a confine; used chiefly in the plural, and in English history applied especially to the border land on the frontiers between England and Scotland, and England and Wales. 'Geneva is situated in the marches of several dominions France, Savoy, and Switzerland.' (Fuller) 'Lords of …

march fracture
<radiology> Stress or fatigue fracture of the metatarsals, seen in military recruits (associated with marching) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

march haemoglobinuria
A form occurring after marathon races, protracted marching, or heavy physical exercise. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchand, Felix
<person> German pathologist, 1846-1928. ... See: Marchand's adrenals, Marchand's rest, Marchand's wandering cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchand's adrenals
Small collections of accessory adrenal tissue in the broad ligament of the uterus or in the testes. ... Synonym: Marchand's rest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchand's rest
Synonym for Marchand's adrenals ... Small collections of accessory adrenal tissue in the broad ligament of the uterus or in the testes. ... Synonym: Marchand's rest. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchand's wandering cell
A cell of the mononuclear phagocyte system. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchant, Gerard
<person> French surgeon, 1850-1903. ... See: Marchant's zone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchant's zone
The area on the sphenoid and occipital bones at the base of the skull from which the dura mater is readily detached. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchesani, Oswald
<person> 1900-1952. ... See: Weill-Marchesani syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchetti, Andrew
<person> U.S. Obstetrician and gynecologist, 1901-1970. ... See: Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchi, Vittorio
<person> Italian physician, 1851-1908. ... See: Marchi's fixative, Marchi's reaction, Marchi's stain, Marchi's tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchi's fixative
A mixture of Muller's fixative with osmium tetroxide, with potassium chlorate substituted for the potassium dichromate of Muller's fixative for better results; used to demonstrate degenerating myelin. ... See: Marchi's stain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchi's reaction
Failure of the myelin sheath of a nerve to blacken when submitted to the action of osmic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchi's stain
<technique> A staining method in which the specimen is hardened for 8 to 10 days in a modified Muller's fixative, followed by immersion for 1 to 3 weeks in the same with the addition of osmic acid; fat and degenerating nerve fibres stain black. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marchi's tract
Synonym for tectospinal tract ... A bundle of thick, heavily myelinated fibres originating in the deep layers of the superior colliculus, crossing to the opposite side in the dorsal tegmental decussation, descending along the median plane, between the medial longitudinal fasciculus dorsally, the medial lemniscus ventrally, into the anterior funiculu …

marchiafava-bignami disease
<radiology> Italian wine-drinkers' disease, symmetric demyelinization: corpus callosum, white matter, anterior commisure ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Marchiafava-Micheli anaemia
Synonym for paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria ... An infrequent disorder with insidious onset (usually in the third or fourth decade) and chronic course, characterised by episodes of haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria (chiefly at night), pallor, icterus or bronzing of the skin, a moderate degree of splenomegaly, and sometimes hepatomegaly; red b …

Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome
Synonym for paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria ... An infrequent disorder with insidious onset (usually in the third or fourth decade) and chronic course, characterised by episodes of haemolytic anaemia, haemoglobinuria (chiefly at night), pallor, icterus or bronzing of the skin, a moderate degree of splenomegaly, and sometimes hepatomegaly; red b …

Marchiafava, Ettore
<person> Italian pathologist, 1847-1935. ... See: Marchiafava-Bignami disease, Marchiafava-Micheli anaemia, Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marcid
Emaciating; wasting away. ... Origin: L. Marcidus; fr. Marceo, to wither ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marcille, Maurice
<person> 1871-1941. ... See: Marcille's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marcille's triangle
An area bounded by the medial border of the psoas major, the lateral margin of the vertebral column, and the iliolumbar ligament below; it is crossed by the obturator nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marcor
An obsolete term for marasmus. ... Origin: L. Fr. Marceo, to wither ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marcus Gunn phenomenon
Synonym for jaw-winking syndrome ... <syndrome> An increase in the width of the eye lids during chewing, sometimes with a rhythmic elevation of the upper lid when the mouth is open and ptosis when the mouth is closed. ... Synonym: Gunn phenomenon, Gunn's syndrome, jaw-winking phenomenon, jaw-working reflex, Marcus Gunn phenomenon, Marcus Gunn s …

Marcus Gunn pupil
Relative afferent pupillary defect. ... Synonym: Gunn pupil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marcus Gunn syndrome
Synonym for jaw-winking syndrome ... <syndrome> An increase in the width of the eye lids during chewing, sometimes with a rhythmic elevation of the upper lid when the mouth is open and ptosis when the mouth is closed. ... Synonym: Gunn phenomenon, Gunn's syndrome, jaw-winking phenomenon, jaw-working reflex, Marcus Gunn phenomenon, Marcus Gunn s …

Marcus Gunn's sign
Synonym for Gunn's sign ... <clinical sign> Compression of the underlying vein at arteriovenous crossings seen ophthalmoscopically in arteriolar sclerosis, on alternate stimulation with light, the pupil of an eye with optic nerve transmission defect constricts poorly or even dilates when stimulated (a relative afferent pupillary defect). ... Sy …

mare
The female of the horse and other equine quadrupeds. ... Origin: OE. Mere, AS. Mere, myre, fem of AS. Mearh horse, akin to D. Merrie mare, G. Mahre, OHG. Marah horse, meriha mare, Icel. Marr horse, OCelt. Marka (Pausan. 19, 19,4), Ir. Marc, W. March. Cf. Marshal. ... <medicine> Sighing, suffocative panting, intercepted utterance, with a sense o …

Marek disease
<disease> Infectious cancer of the lymphoid system (lymphomatosis) in chickens, caused by a contagious Herpes virus. An effective vaccine is now available. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Marek, Josef
<person> Hungarian veterinarian and pathologist, 1867-1952. ... See: Marek's disease, Marek's disease virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marek's disease
A lymphoproliferative disease of fowl caused by a herpes virus. Lymphoid cell infiltrations are most common in the peripheral nerves and gonads, but widespread infiltrations may also be found in any of the visceral organs, skin, muscle, and the iris of the eye. The location of the lesions dictates the clinical signs, such as paralysis, general depr …

Marek's disease virus
Synonym for avian neurolymphomatosis virus ... The herpesvirus that causes avian lymphomatosis (Marek's disease); is distinct from those causing other forms of leukosis. ... Synonym: avian lymphomatosis virus, fowl neurolymphomatosis virus, Marek's disease virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marey, Etienne Jules
<person> French physiologist, 1830-1904. ... See: Marey's law. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marey's law
The pulse rate varies inversely with the blood pressure; i.e., the pulse is slow when the pressure is high; an expression of baroreceptor reflex influences on heart rate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

marfan syndrome
<radiology> Connective-tissue disorder: autosomal dominant, 15% sporadic, cardiovascular system (probable cause of death in 93%), aortic aneurysm (mostly ascending), dilatation of aortic sinuses, aortic dissection, coarctation, musculoskeletal system, tall stature, long limbs, arachnodactyly, lax joints, scoliosis (60%) / kyphosis / pectus, e …

Marfan, Antoine Bernard-Jean
<person> French paediatrician, 1858-1942. ... See: Marfan's disease, Marfan's law, Marfan's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marfan's disease
Synonym for Marfan's syndrome ... <syndrome> A hereditary condition of the connective tissue. ... Symptoms and signs include tall lean body type, irregular or unsteady gait, long extremities (including fingers and toes), abnormal joint flexibility, flat feet, stooped shoulders, dislocation of the optic lens and aneurysms of the aorta. Affects 1 …

Marfan's law
The healing of localised tuberculosis protects against subsequent development of pulmonary tuberculosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marfan's syndrome
<syndrome> A hereditary condition of the connective tissue. ... Symptoms and signs include tall lean body type, irregular or unsteady gait, long extremities (including fingers and toes), abnormal joint flexibility, flat feet, stooped shoulders, dislocation of the optic lens and aneurysms of the aorta. Affects 1 in 50,000 people. Probably a col …

marfanoid
An obsolete term used of those whose phenotype bears a superficial resemblence to that of Marfan's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Marg, Elwin
<person> U.S. Physicist, *1918. ... See: Mackay-Marg tonometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...