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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

malate synthase
<enzyme> An important enzyme in the glyoxylic acid cycle which reversibly catalyses the synthesis of l-malate from acetyl-CoA and glyoxylate. ... Chemical name: L-Malate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-acetylating) ... Registry number: EC 4.1.3.2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malate-aspartate shuttle
A mechanism for the transfer of NADH reducing equivalents from the cytosol into the mitochondria using two isozymes of malate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malate-condensing enzyme
Synonym for malate synthase ... <enzyme> An important enzyme in the glyoxylic acid cycle which reversibly catalyses the synthesis of l-malate from acetyl-CoA and glyoxylate. ... Chemical name: L-Malate glyoxylate-lyase (CoA-acetylating) ... Registry number: EC 4.1.3.2 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malathion
A yellowish, liquid organic phosphorous compound that is used as an insecticide. It has fairlylow toxicity to humans and other mammals, and is especially effective against the Mediterranean fruit fly. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

malawi
A republic in southern africa east of zambia. Its capital is lilongwe. It was formerly called nyasaland. This region was visited by livingstone in 1859. It became a british protectorate in 1891, part of the federation of rhodesia and nyasaland in 1953, and independent in 1964. It takes its name from the malavi people whose name means flames, possib …

malaxation
1. Formation of ingredients into a mass for pills and plasters. ... 2. A kneading process in massage. ... Origin: L. Malaxo, pp. -atus, to soften ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malaysia
A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast asia, consisting of 11 states (west malaysia) on the malay peninsula and two states (east malaysia) on the island of borneo. It is also called the federation of malaysia. Its capital is kuala lumpur. Before 1963 it was the union of malaya. It reorganised in 1948 as the federation …

maldigestion
Imperfect digestion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Maldonado-San Jose stain
<technique> A staining method for staining pancreatic islet cells, using a phloxine-azure B-haematoxylin sequence; alpha cells are purple, beta cells are violet-blue, delta cells are light blue, and exocrine cells are grayish blue with red secretion granules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

male
See Mal-. ... Evil; wicked; bad. ... Origin: L. Malus. See Malice. ... Same as Mail, a bag. ... 1. Of or pertaining to the sex that begets or procreates young, or (in a wider sense) to the sex that produces spermatozoa, by which the ova are fertilized; not female; as, male organs. ... 2. <botany> Capable of producing fertilization, but not of bear …

male breast
One of the two, usually rudimentary, mammary glands in the male. ... Synonym: mamma masculina, mamma virilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

male chromosome complement
The large majority of males have a 46, xy chromosome complement (46 chromosomes including an x and a y chromosome). A minority of males have other chromosome constitutions such as 47,xxy (47 chromosomes including two x chromosomes and a y chromosome) and 47,xyy (47 chromosomes including an x and two y chromosomes). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

male hermaphroditism
More correctly designated as male pseudohermaphroditism, as the term is commonly used; however, it may designate an instance of true hermaphroditism in which overt bodily characteristics are predominantly male. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

male homosexuality
Erotic predisposition, or activity, including sexual congress, between two men, past the age of puberty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

male hypogonadism
Synonym for eunuchoidism ... A state in which testes are present but fail to function normally; may be of gonadal or pituitary origin. ... Synonym: eunuchism, male hypogonadism. ... Hypergonadotropic eunuchoidism, eunuchoidism of gonadal origin, commonly accompanied by enhanced levels of pituitary gonadotropins in the blood and urine, as in Klinefelte …

male infertility
<radiology> Low sperm count, decreased motility/morphology, autoimmunity ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

male pattern alopecia
The most common form of androgenic alopecia, seen in men as receding frontal and bilateral triangular temple hair lines, and a balding patch on the vertex, which may progress to complete alopecia. ... Synonym: male pattern baldness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

male pattern baldness
Synonym for male pattern alopecia ... The most common form of androgenic alopecia, seen in men as receding frontal and bilateral triangular temple hair lines, and a balding patch on the vertex, which may progress to complete alopecia. ... Synonym: male pattern baldness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

male pseudohermaphroditism
Pseudohermaphroditism in which the gonads are male and the karyotype is XY but with genital anomalies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

male sterility
The inability of the male to fertilise the ovum; it may or may not be associated with impotence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

male urethra
A canal about 20 cm in length opening at the extremity of the glans penis; it gives passage to the spermatic fluid as well as the urine. ... Synonym: urethra masculina, urethra virilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maleate
<chemical> The ion from maleic acid, often used in biological buffers. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

maleate isomerase
<enzyme> Converts maleate to fumarate; amino acid sequence sourced from from alcaligenes faecalis. ... Registry number: EC 5.2.1.1 ... Synonym: maleate cis-trans-isomerase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

Malecot catheter
A two-or four-winged catheter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Malecot, Achille-Etienne
<person> French surgeon, *1852. ... See: Malecot catheter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malediction
A proclaiming of evil against some one; a cursing; imprecation; a curse or execration; opposed to benediction. 'No malediction falls from his tongue.' (Longfellow) ... Synonym: Cursing, curse, execration, imprecation, denunciation, anathema. ... Malediction, Curse, Imprecation, Execration. Malediction is the most general term, denoting bitter reproac …

malefactor
1. An evil doer; one who commits a crime; one subject to public prosecution and punishment; a criminal. ... 2. One who does wrong by injuring another, although not a criminal. ... Synonym: Evil doer, criminal, culprit, felon, convict. ... Origin: L, fr. Malefacere to do evil; male ill, evil + facere to do. See Malice, and Fact. ... Source: Websters Dic …

maleficial
Synonym for injurious ... 1. Not just; wrongful; iniquitous; culpable. 'Till the injurious Roman did extort This tribute from us, we were free.' (Shak) ... 2. Causing injury or harm; hurtful; harmful; detrimental; mischievous; as, acts injurious to health, credit, reputation, property, etc. 'Without being injurious to the memory of our English Pindar …

maleic acid
HOOC-CH==CH-COOH; (Z)-butenedioic acid;the cis isomer of fumaric acid; used for preparing maleate salts of antihistaminics and similar drugs. ... Synonym: toxilic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maleic anhydrides
Cis-butenedioic anhydride. Used in copolymerization reactions, in the diels-alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

maleic hydrazide
<chemical> 1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione. A herbicide and plant growth regulator; also used to control suckering of tobacco. Its residue in food and tobacco is highly toxic, causing CNS disturbances and liver damage. ... Pharmacological action: herbicides. ... Chemical name: 3,6-Pyridazinedione, 1,2-dihydro- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malemission
Failure of semen to be ejected from the penis in coitus. ... Origin: mal-+ L. E-mitto, pp. Missus, to send out ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maleruption
Faulty eruption of teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maleylacetate reductase
<enzyme> Reduces maleylacetate to beta-ketoadipate, uses NADH ... Registry number: EC 1.3.1.32 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

maleylacetoacetate
An intermediate in l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine catabolism; accumulates in certain inherited disorders of tyrosine metabolism. ... Maleylacetoacetate cis,trans-isomerase, an enzyme that catalyses the reversible conversion of maleylacetoacetate to 4-fumarylacetoacetate; an enzyme that participates in l-tyrosine catabolism; a deficiency of this enzy …

maleylpyruvate isomerase
<enzyme> Catalyses isomerization of 3-maleylpyruvate to 3-fumarylpyruvate ... Registry number: EC 5.2.1.4 ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

malformation
<embryology> A morphologic defect resulting from an intrinsically abnormal developmental process. ... Origin: L. Malus = evil, formatio = a forming ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

malfunction
Disordered, inadequate, or abnormal function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Malgaigne
Joseph F., French surgeon, 1806-1865. ... See: Malgaigne's amputation, Malgaigne's fossa, Malgaigne's hernia, Malgaigne's luxation, Malgaigne's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malgaigne fracture
<radiology> Two vertical fractures involving one side of the pelvic ring, one fracture anterior to the acetabulum, usually through the pubic ramus, one fracture posterior to the acetabulum, usually through the ilium, separation of the SI joint may occur instead usually the result of direct trauma ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Malgaigne's amputation
Synonym for subastragalar amputation ... Amputation of the foot in which only the astragalus is retained. ... Synonym: Malgaigne's amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Malgaigne's fossa
Synonym for carotid triangle ... A space bounded by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, and posterior belly of the digastric; it contains the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. ... Synonym: trigonum caroticum, fossa carotica, Gerdy's hyoid fossa, Malgaigne's fossa, Malgaigne's triangle, superi …

Malgaigne's hernia
Infantile inguinal hernia prior to the descent of the testis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Malgaigne's luxation
Synonym for nursemaid's elbow ... Subluxation of the radial head within the elbow joint is also referred to as nursemaid's elbow. This orthopaedic condition is seen commonly in toddlers who may be lifted up by outstretched arms. Instability of the radial head leads to subluxation. The child with nursemaid's usually has their arm in hanging in extens …

Malgaigne's triangle
Synonym for carotid triangle ... A space bounded by the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, and posterior belly of the digastric; it contains the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. ... Synonym: trigonum caroticum, fossa carotica, Gerdy's hyoid fossa, Malgaigne's fossa, Malgaigne's triangle, superi …

Malherbe, A
<person> ... See: Malherbe's calcifying epithelioma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Malherbe's calcifying epithelioma
Synonym for pilomatrixoma ... A tumour composed of cells resembling those of the hair matrix, which undergo 'mummification' and may calcify. It is a relatively uncommon tumour, which may occur at any age from infancy. The majority of patients are under 20, and females are affected more than males. The lesion is usually a solitary deep dermal or subc …

mali
A country in western africa, east of mauritania and north of sudan. Its capital is bamako. Its earlier names give a clue to its african and overseas connections: 1904-1920 it was known as upper senegal-niger; prior to 1958, as french sudan; 1958-1960 as the sudanese republic and 1959-1960 it joined senegal in the mali federation. It became an indep …

malic
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or obtained from, apples; as, malic acid. Malic acid, a hydroxy acid obtained as a substance which is sirupy or crystallized with difficulty, and has a strong but pleasant sour taste. It occurs in many fruits, as in green apples, currants, etc. It is levorotatory or dextrorotatory according to the temperature and co …

malic acid
HOOC-CH2-CHOH-COOH; hydroxysuccinic acid;an acid found in apples and various other tart fruits; an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, and in a shuttle system. ... Synonym: monohydroxysuccinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malic acid dehydrogenase
Synonym for malate dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of (s)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. ... Chemical name: (S)-Malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.37 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malic dehydrogenase
Synonym for malate dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of (s)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. ... Chemical name: (S)-Malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.37 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malic enzyme
Synonym for malate dehydrogenase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of (s)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. ... Chemical name: (S)-Malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.37 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malice
1. Enmity of heart; malevolence; ill will; a spirit delighting in harm or misfortune to another; a disposition to injure another; a malignant design of evil. 'Nor set down aught in malice.' 'Envy, hatred, and malice are three distinct passions of the mind.' (Ld. Holt) ... 2. Any wicked or mischievous intention of the mind; a depraved inclination to …

malicious
1. Indulging or exercising malice; harboring ill will or enmity. 'I grant him bloody, . . . Sudden, malicious, smacking of every sin That has a name.' (Shak) ... 2. Proceeding from hatred or ill will; dictated by malice; as, a malicious report; malicious mischief. ... 3. With wicked or mischievous intentions or motives; wrongful and done intentionall …

malign
1. Having an evil disposition toward others; harboring violent enmity; malevolent; malicious; spiteful; opposed to benign. 'Witchcraft may be by operation of malign spirits.' (Bacon) ... 2. Unfavorable; unpropitious; pernicious; tending to injure; as, a malign aspect of planets. ... 3. Malignant; as, a malign ulcer. ... Origin: L. Malignus, for malige …

malignancy
(pl. Malignancies) a cancer. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

malignancy and immunodeficiency
<radiology> High risk of malignancy (especially lymphoma/leukaemia, GI tumours): X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (Bruton's), common variable immunodeficiency, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID kids), ataxia-telangectasia, Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome, selective IgA deficiency ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malignant
<oncology> Tending to become progressively worse and to result in death. Having the properties of anaplasia, invasion and metastasis, said of tumours. ... Origin: L. Malignans = acting maliciously ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

malignant catarrh
A herpes virus infection of cattle characterised by catarrhal inflammation of the upper respiratory and alimentary epithelia, keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis and lymph node enlargement. Syn: bovine epitheliosis, snotsiekte. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malignant catarrh of cattle
Synonym for malignant catarrhal fever ... A highly fatal, sporadic disease of cattle caused by alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (a member of the Herpesviridae family) and characterised by inflammation, ulceration, and exudation of the oral and upper respiratory mucous membranes, and sometimes eye lesions and nervous system disturbances. ... Synonym: maligna …

malignant catarrhal fever
A highly fatal, sporadic disease of cattle caused by alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (a member of the Herpesviridae family) and characterised by inflammation, ulceration, and exudation of the oral and upper respiratory mucous membranes, and sometimes eye lesions and nervous system disturbances. ... Synonym: malignant catarrh of cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

malignant catarrhal fever virus
A herpesvirus of wide distribution causing malignant catarrhal fever of cattle; sheep and wildebeests harbor inapparent infections and may transmit the virus to cattle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant ciliary epithelioma
<tumour> Malignant hyperplasia of ciliary epithelium with frequent involvement of the pigmented layer. ... Synonym: adult medulloepithelioma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant dysentery
Dysentery in which the symptoms are intensely acute, leading to prostration, collapse, and often death. ... Synonym: fulminating dysentery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant dyskeratosis
Dyskeratosis that may occur in precancerous or malignant lesions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant endocarditis
Acute bacterial endocarditis, usually secondary to suppuration elsewhere and running a fulminating course. ... Synonym: septic endocarditis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant exophthalmos
Relentless, progressive protrusion of the eyeballs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant fibrous histiocytoma
<tumour> A deeply situated tumour, especially on the extremities of adults, frequently recurring after surgery and metastasizing to the lungs; shows partial fibroblastic and histiocytic differentiation with a variable storiform pattern, myxoid areas, and giant cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant giant cell tumour
A type of bone tumour. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malignant glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma caused by forward displacement of the iris and lens, obliterating the anterior chamber; usually follows a filtering operation for primary glaucoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant granuloma
Synonym for lethal midline granuloma ... Destruction of the nasal septum, hard palate, lateral nasal walls, paranasal sinuses, skin of the face, orbit and nasopharynx by an inflammatory infiltrate with atypical lymphocytic and histiocytic cells; presumably a form of lymphoma in most cases. ... An obsolete term for polymorphic reticulosis. ... Synonym: …

malignant hepatoma
<tumour> A carcinoma derived from parenchymal cells of the liver. ... Synonym: hepatocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cell carcinoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant histiocytosis
A rapidly fatal form of lymphoma, characterised by fever, jaundice, pancytopenia, and enlargement of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes; the affected organs show focal necrosis and haemorrhage, with proliferation of histiocytes and phagocytosis of red blood cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant hyperphenylalaninaemia
DHPR-deficient form; an inherited disorder in which there is an absence or deficiency of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR); this results in impaired regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin, causing an elevation in phenylalanine levels, GTP-CH form; an inherited disorder in which there is a deficiency of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase, an enzyme …

malignant hyperpyrexia
Synonym for heatstroke ... A severe and often fatal illness produced by exposure to excessively high temperatures, especially when accompanied by marked exertion. ... It can manifest by elevated body temperature, lack of sweating, hot dry skin, and neurologic symptoms; unconsciousness, paralysis, headache, vertigo, confusion. In severe cases very hig …

malignant hypertension
A severe form of acute hypertension that results in the abrupt rise in the blood pressure (diastolic pressure often over 120 mmHg). If left untreated, malignant hypertension can cause damage to the blood vessels in the eye, kidneys, brain and heart. Complications include stroke, heart attack, blindness and renal failure. ... Symptoms include headach …

malignant hyperthermia
A severe form of fever that occurs as a reaction to certain anaesthetic agents and muscle relaxants. Malignant hyperthermia is an inherited autosomal dominant condition. ... Inheritance: autosomal dominant. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

malignant jaundice
Synonym for icterus gravis ... Jaundice associated with high fever and delirium; seen in severe hepatitis and other diseases of the liver with severe functional failure. ... Synonym: malignant jaundice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant lentigo melanoma
<tumour> A melanoma arising from a malignant lentigo. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant liver tumours
<radiology> EPITHELIAL TUMORS, hepatocellular, hepatoblastoma (7%), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (75%), cholangiocellular (6%), cholangiocarcinomarcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, MESENCHYMAL TUMORS, tumours of blood vessels, angiosarcoma, haemangioendothelioma, other tumours, embryonal sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, TUMORS OF MUSCLE TISSUE, leiomyosarc …

malignant lymphadenosis
An obsolete term for malignant lymphoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant lymphoma
<tumour> A general term for ordinarily malignant neoplasms of lymphoid and reticuloendothelial tissues which present as apparently circumscribed solid tumours composed of cells that appear primitive or resemble lymphocytes, plasma cells, or histiocytes. Lymphomas appear most frequently in lymph nodes, spleen, or other normal sites of lymphore …

malignant malnutrition
Synonym for kwashiorkor ... A nutritional deficiency illness in children who are not getting enough protein, this results in anaemia, poor growth, weakness, and oedema (which isparticularly characterised by a pronounced pot belly). Infamine-stricken regions, children typically develop kwashiorkor rightafter they are weaned. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

malignant melanoma
<oncology, tumour> A malignant tumour which arises from the pigment producing cells (melanosomes) of the deeper layers of the skin (or the eye). Melanoma is the leading cause of death attributable to skin lesions. Described as an irregular dark skin lesion that may have areas of varying colour. Often greater than 6 mm in diameter. ... (27 Sep …

malignant melanoma in situ
A melanoma limited to the epidermis and composed of nests of atypical melanocytes and scattered single cells extending into the upper epidermis; local excision is curative although the lesion, if untreated, may soon invade the dermis. Malignant lentigo may be considered a slowly progressive type of malignant melanoma in situ. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant meningioma
<tumour> Meningioma that either invades brain parenchyma or metastasizes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant mesothelioma
<oncology, tumour> A mesothelioma is a tumour of the lining of the lung and chest cavity, known as the pleura. Benign mesotheliomas do occur but are much more rare than the malignant type. Malignant mesothelioma affects men more commonly and about 80% of cases have a history for prior exposure to asbestos. ... Symptoms include chest pain, shor …

malignant midline reticulosis
An obsolete term for polymorphic reticulosis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant mixed mullerian tumour
Synonym for mixed mesodermal tumour ... A sarcoma of the body of the uterus arising in older women, composed of more than one mesenchymal tissue, especially including striated muscle cells. ... Synonym: malignant mixed mullerian tumour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant mole syndrome
<syndrome> Irregularly shaped, variously coloured, distinctively melanocytic, 5 to 10 mm nevi occurring in large numbers (to over 100) primarily on the trunk and extremities, with a high risk of malignancy reported in several members and three generations of a family. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant myopia
pathologic myopia ...

malignant nephrosclerosis
The renal changes in malignant hypertension; subcapsular petechiae, necrosis in the walls of scattered afferent glomerular arterioles, and red blood cells and casts in the urine, with uraemia as a common termination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant oedema
An acute toxaemia of cattle, horses, sheep, goats, and pigs caused by the bacterium Clostridium septicum and characterised by edematous swellings around the entry wound, anorexia, high fever, and death. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant pustule
Synonym for cutaneous anthrax ... The skin of B. Anthracis infection characteristic lesion that begins as a papule and soon becomes a vesicle and breaks, discharging a bloody serum; the seat of this vesicle, in about 36 hours, becomes a bluish black necrotic mass; constitutional symptoms of septicaemia are severe: high fever, vomiting, profuse sweat …

malignant scleritis
Progressive inflammation of the anterior sclera and adjacent choroid with associated uveitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant smallpox
Synonym for variola maligna ... Malignant smallpox, usually of the haemorrhagic form. ... Synonym: malignant smallpox. ... Variola miliaris, a form of varioloid in which the eruption consists of miliary vesicles without the formation of pustules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant stupor
A stuporous condition from which recovery is infrequent, as opposed to benign stupor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

malignant synovioma
Synonym for synovial sarcoma ... <radiology> Soft-tissue mass, usually about 1 cm from joint, amorphous calcifications (33%), most common at knee, bone erosion (wide zone of transition), juxta-articular osteoporosis Cf: pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

malignant teratoma
<oncology, tumour> A collection of cancerous cells which form cysts that contain one or more of the three primary embryonic germ layers: skin, hair or teeth. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...