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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

macrogamete
The female element in anisogamy; it is the larger of the two sex cells, with more reserve material, and usually nonmotile. ... Synonym: megagamete. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Gamete, wife ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrogametocyte
The female gametocyte or mother cell producing the female or macrogamete among fungi or protozoa that undergo anisogamy. ... Synonym: macrogamont. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrogamont
Synonym for macrogametocyte ... The female gametocyte or mother cell producing the female or macrogamete among fungi or protozoa that undergo anisogamy. ... Synonym: macrogamont. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrogamy
Conjugation of two adult cells or gametes. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Gamos, marriage ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrogastria
Synonym for megalogastria ... Abnormally large size of the stomach. ... Synonym: macrogastria. ... Origin: megalo-+ G. Gaster, stomach ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrogenitosomia
Excessive bodily and genital development. ... Origin: macro-+ L. Genitalis, genital, + G. Soma, body ... Macrogenitosomia praecox, a disorder in which gonadal maturation (puberty) and the adolescent growth spurt in bodily height occur in the first decade of life; often associated with a pineal tumour or lesions in hypothalamic areas known to regulate …

macroglia
A part of the neuroglia. It consists of two types of astrocytes and two types of oligodendrocyte. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macroglia cell
Synonym for astrocyte ... <pathology> A glial cell found in vertebrate brain, named for its characteristic star like shape. ... Astrocytes lend both mechanical and metabolic support for neurons, regulating the environment in which they function. ... See: oligodendrocytes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

macroglobulin
<haematology, immunology> Globulin such as IgM that has a high molecular weight 400 kD in the case of IgM, 725 kD in the case of _ 2 macroglobulin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

macroglobulinaemia
The presence of increased levels of macroglobulins in the circulating blood. ... Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia, macroglobulinaemia occurring in elderly persons, characterised by proliferation of cells resembling lymphocytes or plasma cells in the bone marrow, anaemia, increased sedimentation rate, and hyperglobulinaemia with a narrow peak in gamm …

macroglobulins
Serum globulins with high molecular weight. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macroglossia
Excessively large tongue. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

macrognathia
Enlargement or elongation of the jaw. ... Synonym: megagnathia. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Gnathos, jaw ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrograph
<microscopy> A close-up photograph at a low magnification up to 40X or thereabouts. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

macrography
Rarely used term for writing with very large letters. ... Synonym: megalographia. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Grapho, to write ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrogyria
Abnormal coarseness or largeness of the ridgelike folds of the cerebralcortex (the gyri). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macroinfauna
Animals living within aquatic sediments and large enough to be seen with the naked eye. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macroinvertebrate
An invertebrate animal (animal without a backbone) large enough to be seen without magnification. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macrolabia
Synonym: macrocheilia. ... Origin: macro-+ L. Labium, lip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroleukoblast
An unusually large leukoblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrolide
<pharmacology> A group of antibiotics produced by various strains of Streptomyces that have a complex macrocyclic structure. ... They inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the 50S ribosomal subunit. Include erythromycin, carbomycin. Used clinically as broad spectrum antibiotics, particularly against gram-positive bacteria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

macrolide 2'-kinase
<enzyme> Inducible intracellular enzyme which inactivates 14-member ring macrolides at the 2'-oh of the d-desosamine moiety; from an erythromycin-resistant strain of E coli; GTP, itp and ATP can also act as donors; mph(2')i is encoded by mpha and mrx, which have been sequenced ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.136 ... Synonym: oleandomycin 2'-phosp …

macrolide glycosyltransferase
<enzyme> From streptomyces lividans; utilises udp-glucose as cofactor; substrates include macrolides with 12-, 14-, 15-, or 16-atom cyclic polyketide lactones; enzyme specific for the 2'-oh group of saccharide moieties attached to c-5 of the 16-atom lactone ring ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... Synonym: macrolide glucosyltransferase ... (26 J …

macrolides
A group of organic compounds that contain a macrocyclic lactone ring linked glycosidically to one or more sugar moieties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macromastia
Macromazia ... Abnormally large breasts. ... See: hypermastia. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Mastos, breast ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macromelanosome
Synonym for giant melanosome ... A large spherical melanosome (1 to 6 u in diameter) formed in the cytoplasm of melanocytes in cafe-au-lait spots and other melanocytic disorders. ... Synonym: macromelanosome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macromelia
Abnormal size of one or more of the limbs. ... Synonym: megalomelia. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Melos, limb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macromere
A blastomere of large size, as in amphibians. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Meros, part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macromerozoite
A large merozoite. ... Synonym: megamerozoite. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Meros, part, + zoon, animal ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrominerals
Synonym for macroelements ... Inorganic nutrients needed in relatively high daily amounts (i.e., more than 100 mg per day) e.g., calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc. ... Synonym: macrominerals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macromolecular chemistry
The chemistry of macromolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids) and polymers (nylon, polyethylene, etc). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macromolecule
Biological term relating to large molecules including, proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, but probably not phospholipids. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

macromonocyte
An unusually large monocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macromyeloblast
An abnormally large myeloblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macronormoblast
1. A large normoblast. ... 2. A large, incompletely haemoglobiniferous, nucleated red blood cell with a 'cart-wheel' nucleus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macronormochromoblast
Synonym for macroerythroblast ... A large erythroblast. ... Synonym: macronormochromoblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macronucleus
The larger nucleus (or sometimes nuclei) in ciliate protozoans. Derived from the micronucleus by a process of DNA polytenisation. The DNA in the macronucleus is actively transcribed. The macronucleus degenerates before conjugation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

macronutrients
Nutrients required in the greatest amount; e.g., carbohydrates, protein, fats. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macronychia
Abnormally large fingernails or toenails. ... Synonym: megalonychosis. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Onyx, nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroorchidism
Having abnormally large testes; seen in males with fragile X syndrome. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Orchis (orchid-), testicle ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroparasite
A parasite, such as a louse or an intestinal worm, that is visible to the naked eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroparasites
<epidemiology> Typically, the parasitic helminths and arthropods. In general, parasites which do not multiply within their definitive hosts but instead produce transmission stages (eggs and larvae) which pass into the external environment. Immune responses elicited against macroparasites generally depend on the number of parasites present in …

macropathology
The phase of pathology that pertains to the gross anatomical changes in disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macropenis
An abnormally large penis. ... Synonym: macrophallus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrophage
Relatively long lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues, derived from blood monocyte. Macrophages from different sites have distinctly different properties. Main types are peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, tissue macrophages (histiocytes), Kupffer cells of the liver and osteoclasts. In response to foreign materials may become stimulated or ac …

macrophage activation
The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (maf) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (mmif), immune complexes, c3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants. ... (12 Dec …

macrophage inflammatory protein
<cytokine> A chemokine that is chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes, stimulates macrophages, and may play a role in regulating haematopoiesis. Its two variants, mip-1alpha and mip-1beta, are 60% homologous to each other. ... They are heparin-binding proteins that exhibit a number of inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. Originally …

macrophage inhibition factor
<cytokine> A group of lymphokines (including a 14 kD glycoprotein) produced by activated T lymphocytes that reduces macrophage mobility and probably increases macrophage macrophage adhesion. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

macrophage-1 antigen
An adhesion-promoting leukocyte surface membrane heterodimer. The alpha subunit consists of the CD11b antigen and the beta subunit of the CD18 antigen (antigens, CD18). The antigen, which is an integrin, functions both as a receptor for complement 3 and in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesive interactions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macrophage-activating factor
An agent that stimulates macrophages to attack and ingest cancer cells. They are secreted by stimulated lymphocytes that prime macrophages to become non-specifically cytotoxic to tumours. ... They also modulate the expression of macrophage cell surface ia antigens. One maf is interferon-gamma (interferon type II). Other factors antigenically distinc …

macrophages, alveolar
Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macrophages, peritoneal
Mononuclear phagocytes derived from bone marrow precursors but resident in the peritoneum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macrophagocyte
Synonym for macrophage ... Relatively long lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues, derived from blood monocyte. Macrophages from different sites have distinctly different properties. Main types are peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, tissue macrophages (histiocytes), Kupffer cells of the liver and osteoclasts. In response to foreign materials m …

macrophallus
Synonym: macropenis. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Phallos, penis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrophthalmia
Synonym for megalophthalmos ... Congenital large globe. ... Synonym: macrophthalmia, megophthalmus. ... Origin: megalo-+ G. Ophthalmos, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrophyte
<botany> A member of the macroscopic plant life of an area, especially of a body of water, large aquatic plant, the term aquatic macrophyte has no taxonomic significance. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macropodia
Abnormally large feet. ... Synonym: megalopodia, pes gigas. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Pous, foot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macropolycyte
An unusually large polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte that contains a multisegmented nucleus (e.g., 8, 10, or more lobes); the arrangement of chromatin is less compact than in the normal neutrophil, and the cytoplasmic granules tend to be larger and more acidophilic. Such changes frequently precede significant alterations in the red blood cel …

macropromyelocyte
An unusually large promyelocyte. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroprosopia
A condition in which the face is too large in proportion to the size of the cranial vault. ... Synonym: megaprosopia. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Prosopon, face ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroprosopous
Relating to or exhibiting macroprosopia. ... Synonym: megaprosopous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macropsia
Perception of objects as larger than they are. ... Synonym: megalopia, megalopsia. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Opsis, vision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrorestriction map
<molecular biology> Map depicting the order of and distance between sites at which restriction enzymes cleave chromosomes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macrorhinia
Excessive size of the nose, either congenital or pathologic. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Rhis (rhin-), nose ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroscelia
Abnormally increased length or thickness of the legs. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Skelos, leg ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroscopic
<pathology> Items large enough to be observed by the naked eye. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macroscopic anatomy
Synonym for gross anatomy ... General anatomy, so far as it can be studied without the use of the microscope; commonly used to denote the study of anatomy by dissection of a cadaver. ... See: practical anatomy. ... Synonym: macroscopic anatomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroscopic sphincter
A sphincter visible to the naked eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroscopy
<microscopy> The interpretive use of the eye, generally aided by a hand lens up to 10 or 20X in magnification. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

macrosigmoid
Enlargement or dilation of the sigmoid colon. ... Synonym: megasigmoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrosis
Increase in length or volume. ... Origin: G. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrosmatic
Denoting an abnormally keen olfactory sense. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Osme, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrosomia
Overly large body. A child with macrosomia has significant overgrowth. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macrosplanchnic
Synonym for megalosplanchnic ... Having abnormally large viscera. ... Synonym: macrosplanchnic. ... Origin: megalo-+ G. Splanchnon, viscus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrostate
<chemistry> A time-average of many microstates, this is a state of the system that can actually be observed. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

macrostereognosis
An error of perception in which objects appear larger than they are. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Stereos, solid, + gnosis, recognition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrostomia
Greatly exaggerated width of the mouth, resulting from failure of union of the maxillary and mandibular processes, with extension of the oral orifice toward the ear. The defect may be unilateral or bilateral. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macrotetralide synthase
<enzyme> From streptomyces chrysomallus subsp. Macrotetralidi; has both esterase and hydrolase activities ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

macrotetrolide synthase
<enzyme> Catalyses the formation of cyclic polyester antibiotic (macrotetrolides) from nactinic acids; from actinomycete mycelium ... Registry number: EC 6.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

macrotia
Congenital excessive enlargement of the auricle, particularly the pinna. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Ous, ear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrotome
An instrument for making gross anatomical sections. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Tome, cutting ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula
1. <dermatology> A stain, spot or thickening. ... 2. <ophthalmology> Often used alone to refer to the macula retinae. ... (10 Jan 1998) ...

macula adherens
Spot desmosome: see desmosome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

macula albida
Gray-white or white, rounded or irregularly shaped, slightly opaque patches or spots that are sometimes observed postmortem in the epicardium, especially in middle-aged or older persons; they result from fibrous thickening, and sometimes hyalinization, of the epicardium; similar lesions may also occur in the visceral layer of the peritoneum. ... Syn …

macula atrophica
An atrophic glistening white spot on the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula cerulea
A bluish stain on the skin caused by the bites of fleas or lice, especially pediculosis pubis. ... Synonym: blue spot, tache bleuatre. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula communicans
Synonym for gap junction ... <cell biology> A junction between two cells consisting of many pores that allow the passage of molecules up to about 900D. ... Each pore is formed by an hexagonal array (connexon) of six transmembrane proteins (connexins) in each plasma membrane: when mated together the pores open, allowing communication and the int …

macula communis
The thickened area in the medial wall of the auditory vesicle that later subdivides to form the maculae of the sacculus and utriculus as well as the cristae of the ampullae of the semicircular ducts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula corneae
A moderately dense opacity of the cornea. ... Synonym: corneal spot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula densa
A closely packed group of densely staining cells in the distal tubular epithelium of a nephron, in direct apposition to the juxtaglomerular cells; they may function as either chemoreceptors or as baroreceptors feeding information to the juxtaglomerular cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula flava
A yellowish spot at the anterior extremity of the rima glottidis where the two vocal folds join. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula germinativa
Archaic term for the nucleolus in the nucleus of an ovum; also refers to any germinal area. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula gonorrhoica
A spot of red brighter than the surrounding membrane, at the congested orifice of the duct of Bartholin's gland, sometimes seen in gonorrhoea. ... Synonym: Saenger's macula. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula lactea
Synonym for macula albida ... Gray-white or white, rounded or irregularly shaped, slightly opaque patches or spots that are sometimes observed postmortem in the epicardium, especially in middle-aged or older persons; they result from fibrous thickening, and sometimes hyalinization, of the epicardium; similar lesions may also occur in the visceral la …

macula lutea
An oval area in the retina, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterised by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its centre, and provides the best phototopic visual acuity. It is …

macula of saccule
The oval neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the anterior wall of the saccule; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibres around their bodies. ... Synonym: macula sacculi, saccular spot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula of utricle
The neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the inferolateral wall of the utricle; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibres around their bodies; sensitive to linear acceleration in the longitudinal axis of the body and to gravitational influences. ... Synonym: macula ut …

macula pellucida
Synonym for follicular stigma ... <gynaecology, physiology> The point where the graafian follicle is about to rupture on the surface of the ovary. ... Synonym: macula pellucida, stigma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula retinae
An oval area of the sensory retina, 3 by 5 mm, temporal to the optic disk corresponding to the posterior pole of the eye; at its centre is the central fovea, which contains only retinal cones. ... Synonym: area centralis, macula lutea, macular area, punctum luteum, Soemmerring's spot, yellow spot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macula sacculi
Synonym for macula of saccule ... The oval neuroepithelial sensory receptor in the anterior wall of the saccule; hair cells of the neuroepithelium support the statoconial membrane and have terminal arborizations of vestibular nerve fibres around their bodies. ... Synonym: macula sacculi, saccular spot. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...