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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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lyso-Lysis, dissolution. ... See: lyo-. ... Origin: G. Lysis, a loosening ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysoamidase<chemical> A mixture of proteolytic enzymes from pseudomonadaceae; proteinases and phosphomonoesterases; soviet cpd ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agent ... Chemical name: amidase, lyso- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
lysocephalinA lysophosphatidic acid esterified with serine or ethanolamine, i.e., a lysophosphatidylserine or -ethanolamine; analogous to lysolecithin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysogen<microbiology> A bacterial cell whose chromosome contains integrated viral DNA. ... (15 Oct 1997) ...
lysogenesisThe production of lysins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysogenic1. Causing or having the power to cause lysis, as the action of certain antibodies and chemical substances. ... 2. Pertaining to bacteria in the state of lysogeny. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysogenic bacteria<microbiology> A bacterium which contains in its genome the DNA of a virus which is lying dormant, passively letting itself be replicated by the bacterium whenever the bacterium replicates its own genome (a lysogenic virus), but able to reactivate and destroy the bacterium at a time of the virus's choosing (becomes a lytic virus). ... (15 Oct …
lysogenic bacteriumA bacterium in the symbiotic condition in which its genome includes the genome (probacteriophage) of a temperate bacteriophage; in occasional instances the probacteriophage dissociates from the bacterial genome, develops into vegetative bacteriophage, and then matures, causing lysis of the respective host bacterium and release into the culture medi …
lysogenic conversionSynonym for lysogeny ... <virology> The ability of some phages to survive in a bacterium as a result of the integration of their DNA into the host chromosome. The integrated DNA is termed a prophage. A regulator gene produces a repressor protein that suppresses the lytic activity of the phage, but various environmental factors, such as ultravi …
lysogenic inductionInduction that occurs when prophage is transferred to a nonlysogenic bacterium by conjugation or by transduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysogenic infectionAn infective process characterised by the incorporation of the DNA of the infecting phage into the host cell chromosome. Once incorporated, the phage DNA replicates along with the host DNA. The incorporated phage DNA is relatively inactive, thus permitting the host cell to continue fairly normal life processes. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...
lysogenic pathway<virology> The method by which a virus becomes a dormant, passive part of its host bacterium's genome (a lysogenic virus), choosing to insert its DNA into the host's and postponing completion of its lytic cycle, at which time it destroys the host and spreads its progeny to infect other bacterial cells (enters the lytic pathway). ... (09 Oct 19 …
lysogenic strainA strain of bacterium that is infected with a temporate bacteriophage. ... See: lysogeny. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysogenic virus<virology> A virus which has the capability to insert its DNA into the genome of the host bacterium for long-term dormancy, so that the bacterium replicates the viral DNA along with its own and passes it to its offspring. The virus is able to choose when it wants to reactivate and finish its lytic cycle, at which time it destroys the host and …
lysogenicityThe property of being lysogenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysogenizationThe process by which a bacterium becomes lysogenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysogeny<virology> The ability of some phages to survive in a bacterium as a result of the integration of their DNA into the host chromosome. The integrated DNA is termed a prophage. A regulator gene produces a repressor protein that suppresses the lytic activity of the phage, but various environmental factors, such as ultraviolet irradiation may pre …
lysokinaseTerm proposed for activator agents (e.g., streptokinase, urokinase, staphylokinase) that produce plasmin by indirect or multiple-stage action on plasminogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysolecithinA lysophosphatic acid that contains choline; capable of lysing erythrocytes. ... Synonym: lysophosphatidylcholine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysolecithinaseSynonym for lysophospholipase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a single fatty acid ester bond in lysoglycerophosphatidates with the formation of glyceryl phosphatidates and a fatty acid. ... Chemical name: 2-Lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.5 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
lysophosphatide<biochemistry, cell biology> Mono acyl derivatives of diacyl phospholipids that are present in membranes as a result of cyclic deacylation and reacylation of phospholipids. Membranolytic in high concentrations and fusogenic at concentrations that are just sub lytic. May have important modulatory roles. ... (15 Oct 1997) ...
lysophosphatidic acidA phosphatidic acid in which only one of the two hydroxyl groups of the glycerophosphate is esterified; most commonly, when carbon-1 of the glycerol moiety is esterified (e.g., 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase<enzyme> Forms 1-acyl-sn-glycerol plus pi ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
lysophosphatidylcholineSynonym for lysolecithin ... A lysophosphatic acid that contains choline; capable of lysing erythrocytes. ... Synonym: lysophosphatidylcholine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysophosphatidylcholinesDerivatives of phosphatidylcholines obtained by their partial hydrolysis which removes one of the fatty acid moieties. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
lysophosphatidylserinePhosphatidylserin e from which one fatty acid residue has been removed from the glycerol moiety, typically at carbon-2. ... Compare: lysophosphatidic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysophospholipase<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a single fatty acid ester bond in lysoglycerophosphatidates with the formation of glyceryl phosphatidates and a fatty acid. ... Chemical name: 2-Lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.1.5 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
lysophospholipase-transacylase<chemical> ... Synonym: lysophosphatidylcholine lysophosphatidylcholine transacylase, lpta-i, lpta-ii ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
lysophospholipidsDerivatives of phosphoglycerols which have only one of the alcohol groups of the glycerol backbone ester-linked with a fatty acid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
lysosogenic bacteriophage<virology> Bacteriophage that can take part in a lysogenic or lytic cycle in its bacterial host. ... See: lysogeny. ... (15 Oct 1997) ...
lysosomal diseaseA disease due to inadequate functioning of a lysosomal enzyme; most such disease's are associated with a storage disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysosomal diseasesDiseases (also called storage diseases) in which a deficiency of a particular lysosomal enzyme leads to accumulation of the undigested substrate for that enzyme within cells. Not immediately fatal, but within a few years lead to serious neurological and skeletal disorders and eventually to death. ... See: the following conditions: Hurler sundrome, H …
lysosomal enzyme<biochemistry> A range of degradative enzymes, most of which operate best at acid pH. The best known marker enzymes are acid phosphatase and glucuronidase, but many others are known. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
lysosomal storage diseasesInborn errors of metabolism characterised by defects in specific lysosomal hydrolases and resulting in intracellular accumulation of unmetabolised substrates. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
lysosome<cell biology> Membrane bounded cytoplasmic organelle containing a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that can be released into a phagosome or to the exterior. Release of lysosomal enzymes in a dead cell leads to autolysis (and is the reason for hanging game, to tenderise the muscle), but it is misleading to refer to lysosomes as suicide bags, sin …
lysosome phagosome fusion<cell biology> A process that occurs after the internalisation of a primary phagosome. Fusion of the membranes leads to the release of lysosomal enzymes into the phagosome. Some species of intracellular parasite evade immune responses by interfering with this process. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
lysosomesA class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterised by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes en …
lysostaphin<enzyme> A mixture of three different proteolytic enzymes, two of which lyse bacterial walls. It is obtained from staphylococcus staphylolyticus (s. Epidermidis). Lysostaphin is very antigenic, but has been used in animals and topically in man against certain infections. ... Pharmacological action: antibiotics, peptide, anti-infective agents, …
lysostaphin endopeptidase<enzyme> Glycylglycine endopeptidase ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
lysotypeA type within a bacterial species determined by its reaction to specific phages. ... Origin: Lyso + type ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysozyme<cell biology, enzyme> Glycosidase that hydrolyses the bond between N acetyl muramic acid and N acetyl glucosamine, thus cleaving an important polymer of the cell wall of many bacteria. Present in tears, saliva and in the lysomes of phagocytic cells, it is an important antibacterial defence, particularly against gram-positive bacteria. ... (18 …
lyssavirusA genus of the family rhabdoviridae that includes rabies virus and other rabies-like viruses. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
lysylThe univalent radical of lysine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysyl 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenaseSynonym for lysyl hydroxylase ... <enzyme> An enzyme that acts on specific lysyl residues in certain proteins (e.g., collagens) with alpha-ketoglutarate and O2 to produce d-hydroxylysyl residues, succinate, and CO2; this enzyme, which requires Fe2+ and ascorbate, is deficient in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI. ... Synonym: lysyl 2-oxoglutarate …
lysyl endopeptidase<enzyme> Alkaline protease with bacteriolytic acitvity from achromobacter lyticus; cleaves carboxyl bond of lysine residues ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.50 ... Synonym: achromobacter protease I, achromopeptidase, lysyl endoprotease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
lysyl hydroxylase<enzyme> An enzyme that acts on specific lysyl residues in certain proteins (e.g., collagens) with alpha-ketoglutarate and O2 to produce d-hydroxylysyl residues, succinate, and CO2; this enzyme, which requires Fe2+ and ascorbate, is deficient in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI. ... Synonym: lysyl 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lysyl oxidase<enzyme> Extracellular enzyme that deaminates lysine and hydroxylysine residues in collagen or elastin to form aldehydes, that then interact with each other or with other lysyl side chains to form crosslinks. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Lyt antigenA set of plasmalemmal surface glycoproteins on mouse T lymphocytes. Possession of Lyt 1 partly defines a T helper cell and of Lyt 2, 3 suppressor and cytotoxic cells. Formerly known as Ly antigens. ... See: Lyb antigen. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
Lyt antigensA group of alloantigens that are present on either T or B murine lymphocytes, e.g., Lyt 2,3 is equivalent to human CD8. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lytes<investigation> A test which includes the measurement of the sodium, potassium, C02 and chloride concentrations in venous blood. ... In the UK it is called electrolytes, U&E, urea and electrolytes. ... [American term] ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
lytic1. Pertaining to lysis or to a lysin. ... 2. Producing lysis. ... Origin: Gr. Lysis = dissolution ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
lytic complex<immunology> The large (2000 kD) cytolytic complex formed from complement C5b6789. ... See: complement. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
lytic cycleThe general life cycle of a lytic virus, from infection of the host cell, hijacking of the host cells mechanisms, use of the host cells mechanisms to produce viral components, and assembly of the components into progeny viruses, to the destruction of the host cell by rupturing its plasma membrane (lysis) and the release of the progeny viruses so th …
lytic infectionThe normal cycle of infection of a cell by a virus or bacteriophage, in which mature virus or phage particles are produced and the cell is then lysed. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
lytic pathwayThe steps in the method that a virus takes to complete a lytic cycle, including the production and assembly of progeny viruses with host cell machinery and the destruction of the host cell by rupturing its plasma membrane (lysis), releasing the progeny viruses in the process. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
lytic phageA bacteriophage (virus which infects bacteria) that can only follow the lytic pathway to completing its lytic cycle, and does not have the mechanisms to enter the lysogenic pathway. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
lytic phaseA phase of the virus life cycleduring which the virus replicates within the host cell, releasing a new generation of viruses when the infectedcell lyses. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
lytic virus<virology> A virus which, as part of its life cycle, causes its host cells plasma membrane to rupture (to lyse). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
lyticase<chemical> Endoglucanase and protease that act together in yeast cell lysis ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
lyxitolA pentitol (reduced lyxose) occurring in lyxoflavin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lyxoflavinA compound similar to riboflavin except that d-lyxitol is present in place of the d-ribitol group; present in small quantity in cardiac muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lyxoseAn aldopentose; d-lyxose is epimeric with both d-arabinose and d-xylose; l-lyxose is epimeric with d-ribose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lyxuloseThe 2-keto derivative of lyxose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
lyzeSynonym for lyse ... <biochemistry> To break up, to disintegrate, to effect lysis. ... Synonym: lyze. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
M antigenAn antigen found in the cell of Streptococcus pyogenes; associated with virulence. ... See: beta-haemolytic streptococci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
M bandCentral region of the A band of the sarcomere in striated muscle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
M cellSynonym for cell ... <cell biology> An autonomous self replicating unit (in principle) that may constitute an organism (in the case of unicellular organisms) or be a sub unit of multicellular organisms in which individual cells may be more or less specialised differentiated) for particular functions. ... The individual units from which tissues …
M channelsVoltage sensitive K channels inactivated by acetylcholine. ACh acting at muscarinic AChR's produces an internal messenger that turns off this class of K channel. A mechanism for regulating the sensitivity of cells to synaptic input. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
M current<physiology> Flow of potassium ions through M channels. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...
M line<cell biology> Central part of the A band of striated muscle (and of the M band): contains M line protein (myomesin, 165 kD), creatine kinase (40 kD) and glycogen phosphorylase b (90 kD). Involved in controlling the spacing between thick filaments. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
M phaseMitotic phase of cell cycle of eukaryotic cells, as distinct from the remainder, which is known as interphase (and that can be further subdivided as G1, s and G2). Beginning of M is signalled by separation of centrioles, where present and by the condensation of chromatin into chromosomes. M phase ends with the establishment of nuclear membranes aro …
M phase promoting factorProtein whose levels rise rapidly just before and fall away just after, mitosis. Thought to be a trigger for mitosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
M protein1. Galactoside carrier in E. Coli ... 2. Cell surface antigen of Brucella. ... 3. Structural protein in the M line of striated muscle (myomesin). (4) Cell wall protein of streptococci: antibody typing of the M protein is important in identification of different strains of Group A streptococci (at least 55 serotypes are known). The M protein confers a …
m proteinsAntibodies or parts of antibodies found in unusually large amounts in the blood or urine of multiple myeloma patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
m-chloralA polymer of chloral obtained by prolonged contact with sulfuric acid; it has properties similar to those of chloral hydrate. ... Synonym: metachloral, p-chloral, trichloral. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
m-coneMiddle wavelength sensitive c. (green c.). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
m-cresolA local antiseptic with a higher germicidal power than phenol and less toxicity to tissues; used in disinfectants and fumigants; its acetate derivative is used as a topical antiseptic and fungicide. ... Synonym: metacresol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
M-CSFmacrophage-colony-stimulating factor ...
M-modeA diagnostic ultrasound presentation of the temporal changes in echoes in which the depth of echo-producing interfaces is displayed along one axis with time (T) along the second axis; motion (M) of the interfaces toward and away from the transducer is displayed. ... Synonym: TM-mode. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
M-protease<enzyme> Highly alkaline resistant subtilisin-family serine protease from bacillus. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
M'DowelBenjamin G., Irish anatomist, 1829-1885. ... See: frenulum of M'Dowel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
M'NaghtenDaniel, British criminal, tried in March, 1843. ... See: M'Naghten rule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
M'Naghten ruleThe classic English test of criminal responsibility (1843): 'to establish a defense on the ground of insanity, it must be clearly proved that, at the time of committing the act, the party accused was laboring under such a defect of reasoning, from disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and quality of the act he was doing, or if he did know …
m119Synonym for Mig ... Mouse _ interferon produced protein. ... See: cytokines. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
M23 urokinase<chemical> A bifunctional molecule with fibrinolytic and thrombin-inhibitory activities; comprised of the protease domain and kringle structure of saruplase and the c-terminal part of hirudin ... Pharmacological action: fibrinolytic agents, antithrombins ... Synonym: urokinase m23, rscu-pa-40 kda-hir ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
M4 protease<enzyme> Nonhemorrhagic fibrinolytic metalloprotease from crotalus molossus molossus venom (northern blacktail rattlesnake); mw 27,000 ... Pharmacological action: fibrinolytic agents ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
M5 proteinase<enzyme> From crotalus molossus molossus (northern blacktailed rattlesnake) venom ... Pharmacological action: fibrinolytic agents, complement inactivators ... Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
Ma-huangName for Ephedra equisetina. ... Origin: Chinese ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
MAB<abbreviation> Monoclonal antibody. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
macA serious opportunistic infection caused by two similar bacteria (Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intercellulare) found in the soil and dust particles. In AIDS, MAC can spread through the bloodstream to infect lymph nodes, bone marrow, liver, spleen, spinal fluid, lungs and intestinal tract. Typical symptoms of MAC include night sweats, weigh …
Mac 1M_2 integrin of leucocytes. Named after macrophages. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
MAC complexSynonym for membrane attack complex ... complement ...
macacaA genus of the subfamily cercopithecinae, family cercopithecidae, consisting of 16 species inhabiting forests of africa, asia, and the islands of borneo, philippines, and celebes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
macaca fascicularisA species of the genus macaca which typically lives near the coast in tidal creeks and mangrove swamps primarily on the islands of the malay peninsula. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
macaca mulattaA species of the genus macaca inhabiting india, china, and other parts of asia. The species is used extensively in biomedical research and adapts very well to living with humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
macaca nemestrinaA species of the genus macaca which inhabits malaya, sumatra, and borneo. It is one of the most arboreal species of macaca. The tail is short and untwisted. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
macaca radiataA species of macaque monkey that mainly inhabits the forest of southern india. They are also called bonnet macaques or bonnet monkeys. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
macaw<zoology> Any parrot of the genus Sittace, or Macrocercus. About eighteen species are known, all of them American. They are large and have a very long tail, a strong hooked bill, and a naked space around the eyes. The voice is harsh, and the colours are brilliant and strongly contrasted. ... <botany> Macaw bush, a tropical American palm …
maccabees1. The name given later times to the Asmonaeans, a family of Jewish patriots, who headed a religious revolt in the reign of Antiochus IV, 168-161 B. C, which led to a period of freedom for Israel. ... 2. The name of two ancient historical books, which give accounts of Jewish affairs in or about the time of the Maccabean princes, and which are receiv …
Macchiavello's stain<technique> A basic fuchsin-citric acid-methylene blue sequence in smears which produces red staining of rickettsiae and inclusion bodies, with nuclei staining blue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
