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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

MacConkey agar
Medium containing peptone, lactose, bile salts, neutral red, and crystal violet used to identify Gram-negative bacilli and characterise them according to their status as lactose fermenters. Fermenters appear as red colonies while nonfermenters are colourless. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

MacConkey, Alfred
<person> British bacteriologist, 1861-1931. ... See: MacConkey agar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mace
<botany> A kind of spice; the aril which partly covers nutmegs. See Nutmeg. ... Red mace is the aril of Myristica tingens, and white mace that of M. Otoba, East Indian trees of the same genus with the nutmeg tree. ... Origin: F. Macis, L. Macis, macir, Gr.; cf. Skr. Makaranda the nectar or honey of a flower, a fragrant mango. ... Source: Webster …

macerate
To soften by steeping or soaking. ... Origin: see maceration ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maceration
The softening of a solid by soaking. ... <pathology> The softening of a tissue by soaking, especially in acids, until the connective tissue fibres are so dissolved that the tissue components can be teased apart. In obstetrics, the degenerative changes with discolouration and softening of tissues and eventual disintegration, of a foetus retaine …

Macewen, Sir William
<person> Scottish surgeon, 1848-1924. ... See: Macewen's sign, Macewen's symptom, Macewen's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Macewen's sign
<clinical sign> Percussion of the skull gives a cracked-pot sound in cases of hydrocephalus. ... Synonym: Macewen's symptom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Macewen's symptom
Synonym for Macewen's sign ... <clinical sign> Percussion of the skull gives a cracked-pot sound in cases of hydrocephalus. ... Synonym: Macewen's symptom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Macewen's triangle
Synonym for suprameatal triangle ... A triangle formed by the root of the zygomatic arch, the posterior wall of the bony external acoustic meatus, and an imaginary line connecting the extremities of the first two lines; used as a guide in mastoid operations. ... Synonym: Macewen's triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mach effect
The appearance of a light or dark line on a radiograph where there is a concave or convex interface in the subject, a physiological optical form of edge enhancement. ... See: Mach's band. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mach line
The apparent line of contrasting density bordering a soft tissue shadow on a radiograph; it is an optical illusion constructed by the observer's retina. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mach number
A number representing the ratio between the speed of an object moving through a fluid medium, such as air, and the speed of sound in the same medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mach Zehnder system
Interferometric system in which the original light beam is divided by a semi transparent mirror: object and reference beams pass through separate optical systems and are recombined by a second semi transparent mirror. Interference fringes are displaced if the optical path difference for the reference beam is greater and this can be compensated with …

mach-zender interferometer
<radiobiology> This is a variation of the Michelson interferometer which is used mainly in measuring the spatial variation in the refractive index of a gas (or plasma). A Mach-Zender interferometer uses two semi-transparent mirrors and two fully reflective mirrors located at the corners of a rectangle. The incoming beam is split in two at the …

Mach, Ernst
<person> Austrian scientist, 1838-1916. ... See: Mach's band, Mach number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mach's band
A relatively bright or dark band perceived in a zone where the luminance increases or decreases rapidly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Machado-Guerreiro test
A complement-fixation test for infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Machado-Joseph
A rare form of hereditary ataxia, characterised by onset in early adult life of progressive, spinocerebellar and extrapyramidal disease with external ophthalmoplegia, rigidity dystonia symptoms, and, often, peripheral amyotrophy; found predominantly in people of Azorean ancestry; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... Synonym: Azorean disease, Portugue …

machado-joseph disease
A progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system occurring in portuguese-azorean families, having a variety of forms and inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. There are four major types: type I: with pyramidal and extrapyramidal deficits; type II: with cerebellar, pyramidal and extrapyramidal deficits; type III: with cerebellar …

machiavellianism
A personality dimension characterised by the manipulation of others. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

machine
1. In general, any combination of bodies so connected that their relative motions are constrained, and by means of which force and motion may be transmitted and modified, as a screw and its nut, or a lever arranged to turn about a fulcrum or a pulley about its pivot, etc.; especially, a construction, more or less complex, consisting of a combinatio …

machine learning
This is the study of how to create computers that will learn from experience and modify their activity based on that learning (as opposed to traditional computers whose activity will not change unless the programmer explicitly changes it). This discipline is a sub-set of Artificial Intelligence. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

machine, heart-lung
A machine that does the work both of the heart (pump blood) and the lungs (oxygenate the blood). Used, for example, in open heart surgery. Blood returning to the heart is diverted through the machine before returning it to the arterial circulation. Also called a pump-oxygenator. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

machinery murmur
The long 'continuous' rumbling murmur of patent ductus arteriosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Machupo virus
<virology> A member of the Arenaviridae that may cause a severe haemorrhagic fever in humans. The natural hosts are rodents and transmission from human to human is not common. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Mackay-Marg tonometer
A recording electronic applanation tonometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mackay, R Stuart
<person> U.S. Physicist, *1924. ... See: Mackay-Marg tonometer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mackenrodt, Alwin
<person> German gynecologist, 1859-1925. ... See: Mackenrodt's ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mackenrodt's ligament
Synonym for cardinal ligament ... <anatomy> A fibrous band attached to the uterine cervix and the vault of the lateral fornix of the vagina; continuous with the tissue ensheathing the pelvic vessels. ... Synonym: cervical ligament of uterus, ligamentum transversale colli, Mackenrodt's ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mackenzie, Richard
<person> Scottish surgeon, 1821-1854. ... See: Mackenzie's amputation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mackenzie, Sir James
<person> Scottish physician practicing in London, 1853-1925. ... See: Mackenzie's polygraph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Mackenzie's amputation
A modification of Syme's amputation at the ankle joint, the flap being taken from the inner side. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mackerel
<zoology> Any species of the genus Scomber, and of several related genera. They are finely formed and very active oceanic fishes. most of them are highly prized for food. ... The common mackerel (Scomber scombrus), which inhabits both sides of the North Atlantic, is one of the most important food fishes. It is mottled with green and blue. The …

MacLachlan, Elsie
<person> 20th century researcher. ... See: Lowe-Terrey-MacLachlan syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Maclagan's test
Synonym for thymol turbidity test ... Precipitation of abnormal proportions of albumin and globulin from the serum of patients with liver disease by addition of thymol. Although popular in the past it has been superseded by quantitative determination of specific proteins and direct measurement of liver enzymes. ... Synonym: Maclagan's test, Maclagan' …

Maclagan's thymol turbidity test
Synonym for thymol turbidity test ... Precipitation of abnormal proportions of albumin and globulin from the serum of patients with liver disease by addition of thymol. Although popular in the past it has been superseded by quantitative determination of specific proteins and direct measurement of liver enzymes. ... Synonym: Maclagan's test, Maclagan' …

Macleod, Roderick
<person> Scottish physician, 1795-1852. ... See: Macleod's rheumatism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Macleod, William Mathieson
<person> British physician, 1911-1977. ... See: Macleod's syndrome, Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Macleod's rheumatism
Rheumatoid arthritis with abundant serous effusion in the affected joints. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Macleod's syndrome
Synonym for unilateral lobar emphysema ... A state in which the roentgenographic density of one lung (or one lobe) is markedly less than the density of the other(s) because of the presence of air trapped during expiration. ... Synonym: Macleod's syndrome, Swyer-James syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

MacNeal, Ward
<person> U.S. Bacteriologist, 1881-1946. ... See: MacNeal's tetrachrome blood stain, Novy and MacNeal's blood agar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

MacNeal's tetrachrome blood stain
<technique> A stain for blood smears comprised of a mixture of methylene blue, azure A, methylene violet, and eosin Y. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Macracanthorhynchus
A genus of giant thorny-headed worms (class Acanthocephala). ... Origin: macro-+ G. Akantha, thorn, + rhynchos, snout ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
The giant thorny-headed worm of the pig, approximately the size of the giant roundworm (Ascaris); it inhabits the intestinal tract where nodules develop at the site of penetration of the spiny proboscis of each worm; it has occasionally been reported in man; transmission is by ingestion of infected insects, frequently dung beetles or cockroaches th …

macrencephaly
Macrencephalia ... Hypertrophy of the brain; the condition of having a large brain. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Enkephalos, brain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macro-
<prefix> Prefix from the Greek makros meaning large or long. The opposite of micro-. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macro-Kjeldahl method
A procedure for analyzing the content of nitrogenous compounds in urine, serum, or other specimens, usually to determine relatively large amounts of nitrogen (e.g., 20 to 100 mg); the specimen is treated with a digestion mixture (copper sulfate and sulfuric acid), heated thoroughly, and made alkaline with a solution of sodium hydroxide; ammonia is …

macroadenoma
<tumour> A pituitary adenoma larger than 10 mm in diameter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroaggregated albumin
A conglomerate of human serum albumin in a suspension; usually refers to particles 10 to 50 um in size; used as a tagged agent for lung scanning. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroalgae
Multicellular algae (green, blue-green and red algae) having filamentous, sheet or mat-like morphology. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macroamylasaemia
A form of hyperamylasaemia, in which a portion of serum amylase exists as macroamylase. ... Origin: macroamylase + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroamylase
<enzyme> Abnormally large serum amylase bound to globulin; causes macroamylasaemia ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

macrobacterium
Synonym for megabacterium ... A bacterium of unusually large size. ... Synonym: macrobacterium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrobenthos
Organisms (for example, insect larvae) living in or on aquatic substrates and large enough to be seen with the naked eye. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macrobiosis
Synonym: longevity. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Bios, life ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrobiota
The living organisms (or flora and fauna) of a region that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. From the greek macro-, large + bios, life. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macrobiote
An organism that is long-lived. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Bios, life ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrobiotic
Macrobiotic refers to the macrobiota, a region's living organisms (or flora and fauna) large enough to be seen with the naked eye. However, macro- comes from the greek makros meaning not only large but also long. So macrobiotic can also be taken to mean long life. Thus, the idea with a macrobiotic diet is that it is for a long life, that is that th …

macrobiotic diet
A diet claimed to promote longevity, often by promoting an emphasis on natural foods and restrictions on non-cereal foods, as well as liquids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrobiotics
<study> A theory of diet which places chief emphasis upon cereals and grains, fish and certain vegetables. Based upon the link between potassium and sodium in the body. ... (19 Jan 1998) ...

macroblast
A large erythroblast. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroblepharon
An abnormally large eyelid. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Blepharon, eyelid ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrobrachia
Condition of having abnormally thick or long arms. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Brachion, arm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocardia
Synonym for cardiomegaly ... <cardiology, clinical sign> Cardiac hypertrophy. ... Origin: Gr. Megas = large ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

macrocephalic
Macrocephalous ... Synonym: megacephalic. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocephaly
An abnormally large head. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macrocheilia
1. Abnormally enlarged lips. ... Synonym: macrolabia. ... 2. Cavernous lymphangioma of the lip, a condition of permanent swelling of the lip resulting from the presence of greatly distended lymphatic spaces. ... Synonym: macrochilia. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Cheilos, lip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocheiria
A condition characterised by abnormally large hands. ... Synonym: cheiromegaly, chiromegaly, megalocheiria, megalochiria. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Cheir, hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrochilia
Synonym for macrocheilia ... 1. Abnormally enlarged lips. ... Synonym: macrolabia. ... 2. Cavernous lymphangioma of the lip, a condition of permanent swelling of the lip resulting from the presence of greatly distended lymphatic spaces. ... Synonym: macrochilia. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Cheilos, lip ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrochylomicron
An unusually large chylomicron. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocnaemia
A condition characterised by enlargement of the legs below the knee. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Kneme, leg ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrococcus
Synonym for megacoccus ... A coccus of unusually large size. ... Synonym: macrococcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocolon
A sigmoid colon of unusual length; a variety of megacolon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroconidium
1. A conidium, or exospore, of large size. ... 2. In fungi, the larger of two distinctively different-sized types of conidia in a single species, thick-or thin-walled and composed of 2 to 10 cells; characteristic of most dermatophytes and some other genera e.g., Histoplasma, Fusarium. ... Origin: macro-+ Mod. L. Dim. Fr. G. Konis, dust ... (05 Mar 200 …

macrocornea
An abnormally large cornea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocranium
An enlarged skull, especially the bones containing the brain, as seen in hydrocephalus; the face appears relatively small in comparison. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocryoglobulin
A macroglobulin that has the properties of a cryoglobulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocryoglobulinaemia
The presence of cold-precipitating macroglobulins in the peripheral blood; such macrocryoglobulins are often called cold haemagglutinins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocyst
<clinical sign> A cyst that is large enough to be felt with the fingers. ... (22 Jan 1998) ...

macrocytase
According to Metchnikoff, a cytase or complement, formed by the large uninuclear leukocytes, which is effective in the destruction of tissue cells, blood cells, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocyte
<haematology> Abnormally large red blood cell, numerous in pernicious anaemia. ... (27 Jan 1998) ...

macrocythemia
The occurrence of unusually large numbers of macrocytes in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: macrocytosis, megalocythemia, megalocytosis. ... Origin: macrocyte + G. Haima, blood ... Hyperchromatic macrocythemia, an inexact term frequently used for macrocytes that contain an unusually large amount of haemoglobin, but are actually normochromic; althou …

macrocytic
Enlarged red blood cells (RBCs). Folic acid deficiency is one cause of macrocytic anaemia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macrocytic anaemia
Any anaemia in which the average size of circulating erythrocytes is greater than normal, i.e., the mean corpuscular volume is 94 cu um or more (normal range, 82 to 92 cu um), including such syndromes as pernicious anaemia, sprue, coeliac disease, macrocytic anaemia of pregnancy, anaemia of diphyllobothriasis, and others. ... Synonym: megalocytic an …

macrocytic anaemia of pregnancy
An anaemia occurring in pregnancy, related to folate deficiency and characterised by a low level of haemoglobin and a reduced number of erythrocytes, which are larger than normal (macrocytes). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocytic anaemia tropical
The macrocytic, megaloblastic anaemia of tropical sprue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocytic hyperchromia
Hyperchromatic macrocythemia; a misnomer inasmuch as the red blood cells are larger than normal, the total amount of haemoglobin per cell is increased, but the percentage of haemoglobin per cell is usually in the normochromic range. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrocytosis
<haematology> Macrocytosis is enlargement of the red blood cells as defined by a red cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of greater than 100 fl. ... Macrocytosis is present in 1 to 4 % of the adult population. The most common cause is alcoholism. Other causes include: nutritional deficiencies (B12 and folate), chemotherapy, drug side effects, h …

macrodactylia
Synonym for megadactyly ... Condition characterised by enlargement of one or more digits (fingers or toes). ... Synonym: dactylomegaly, macrodactylia, macrodactylism, macrodactyly, megalodactylia, megalodactylism, megalodactyly. ... Origin: mega-+ G. Daktylos, digit ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrodontia
Macrodontism ... The state of having abnormally large teeth. ... Synonym: megadontism, megalodontia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrodystrophia lipomatosa
A rare nonfamilial disease characterised by enlargement of the fingers by lipomas, with painful degenerative arthropathy of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macrodystrophic lipomatosis
<radiology> Focal gigantism, usually in the 2nd and 3rd digits in the hand, may see increased fat in the soft tissues, bone &AMP; soft-tissue overgrowth ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

macroelements
Inorganic nutrients needed in relatively high daily amounts (i.e., more than 100 mg per day) e.g., calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc. ... Synonym: macrominerals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroencephalon
Synonym: megaloencephalon. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Enkephalos, brain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroerythroblast
A large erythroblast. ... Synonym: macronormochromoblast. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroerythrocyte
Synonym for macrocyte ... <haematology> Abnormally large red blood cell, numerous in pernicious anaemia. ... (27 Jan 1998) ...

macroesthesia
A subjective sensation that all objects are larger than they are. ... Origin: macro-+ G. Aisthesis, sensation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

macroevolution
Evolution on a species level (speciation and extinction) and at higher taxonomic classifications (appearance and disappearance of genuses, families, orders, etc.). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macrofauna
Animals large enough to be seen with the naked eye. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

macrofollicular adenoma
Synonym for colloid adenoma ... <tumour> A follicular adenoma of the thyroid, composed of large follicles containing colloid. ... Synonym: macrofollicular adenoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...