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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

manakin
<ornithology> Any one of numerous small birds belonging to Pipra, Manacus, and other genera of the family Pipridae. They are mostly natives of Central and South America. Some are bright-coloured, and others have the wings and tail curiously ornamented. The name is sometimes applied to related birds of other families. ... Origin: Cf. F. & G …

manatee
<zoology> Any species of Trichechus, a genus of sirenians; called alsosea cow. ... Alternative forms: manaty, manati. ... One species (Trichechus Senegalensis) inhabits the west coast of Africa; another (T. Americanus) inhabits the east coast of South America, and the West-Indies. The Florida manatee (T. Latirostris) is by some considered a dis …

Manchester operation
A vaginal operation for prolapse of the uterus, consisting of cervical amputation and parametrial fixation (cardinal ligaments) anterior to the uterus. ... Synonym: Fothergill's operation. ... Origin: Manchester, England ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Manchester ovoid
An egg-shaped radium applicator for placement in the lateral vaginal fornices. ... Origin: University of Manchester, England ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manchette
A conical array of microtubules that invests the nucleus of a spermatid; believed to play a role in shaping the nucleus during spermatogenesis. ... Origin: Fr. Cuff, dim. Of manche, sleeve, fr. L. Manicae; fr. Manus, hand ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manchineel
<botany> A euphorbiaceous tree (Hippomane Mancinella) of tropical America, having a poisonous and blistering milky juice, and poisonous acrid fruit somewhat resembling an apple. Bastard manchineel, a tree (Cameraria latifolia) of the East Indies, having similar poisonous properties. ... Origin: Sp. Manzanillo, fr. Manzana an apple, fr. L. Malu …

Manchurian fever
A fever closely resembling typhus that prevails from September to December in South Manchuria; the probable pathogen is Rickettsia manchuriae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Manchurian haemorrhagic fever
Synonym for Korean haemorrhagic fever ... A form of epidemic haemorrhagic fever caused by the Hantaan virus of the genus hantavirus. ... Synonym: Manchurian haemorrhagic fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Manchurian typhus
Tick transmitted infection with Rickettsia sibirica. ... See: Korean haemorrhagic fever. ... Mexican typhus, infection with Rickettsia typhi (mooseri) causing a syndrome similar to epidemic typhus, but spread from rats to man by the rat flea (Xenopsylla (polyplax) cheopis). Spread from rat to rat by the rat louse (Polyplax spinulosa). Most common for …

mandarin
1. A Chinese public officer or nobleman; a civil or military official in China and Annam. ... 2. <botany> A small orange, with easily separable rind. It is thought to be of Chinese origin, and is counted a distinct species (Citrus nobilis). ... <chemistry> Mandarin duck, an artificial aniline dyestuff used for colouring silk and wool, and …

mandate
1. An official or authoritative command; an order or injunction; a commission; a judicial precept. 'This dream all-powerful Juno; I bear Her mighty mandates, and her words you hear.' (Dryden) ... 2. A rescript of the pope, commanding an ordinary collator to put the person therein named in possession of the first vacant benefice in his collation. ... …

mandatory reporting
Legal requirement for physicians and other professionals providing health services to report suspected incidents of abuse and neglect. As mandated reporters, they are generally afforded legal immunity for such reports and most jurisdictions impose a civil or criminal penalty for failure to report. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mandatory testing
Testing or screening required by federal, state, or local law or other agencies for the diagnosis of specified conditions. It is usually limited to specific populations such as categories of health care providers, members of the military, and prisoners or to specific situations such as premarital examinations or donor screening. ... (12 Dec 1998) …

mandelic acid
C6H5CHOHCOOH;a urinary antibacterial agent (both bactericidal and bacteriostatic). ... Synonym: hydroxytoluic acid, phenylglycolic acid. ... Origin: Ger. Mandel, almond ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandelic acids
<chemical> Analogs or derivatives of mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid). ... Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, urinary. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Mandelin's reagent
A solution of ammonium vanadate in sulfuric acid, used in colour tests for alkaloids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandelonitrile lyase
<enzyme> Catalyses the reversible condensation of hcn with aldehydes to form d-alpha-hydroxynitriles; contains fad ... Registry number: EC 4.1.2.10 ... Synonym: mandelonitrile benzaldehyde-lyase, oxynitrilase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

mandible
The jaw bone. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

mandibula
Synonym: mandible. ... Origin: L. A jaw, fr. Mando, pp. Mansus, to chew ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular
<dentistry> Pertaining to your lower jaw ... (08 Jan 1998) ...

mandibular advancement
Moving a retruded mandible forward to a normal position. It is commonly performed for malocclusion and retrognathia. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mandibular arch
The first postoral arch in the branchial arch series. ... Synonym: mandibular process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular axis
Synonym for transverse horizontal axis ... An imaginary line around which the mandible may rotate through the horizontal plane. ... Synonym: hinge axis, mandibular axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular canal
The canal within the mandible that transmits the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels. Its posterior opening is the mandibular foramen. ... Synonym: canalis mandibulae, inferior dental canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular cartilage
A cartilage bar in the mandibular arch that forms a temporary supporting structure in the embryonic mandible; the cartilagenous primordia of the malleus and incus develop from its proximal end, and it also gives rise to the sphenomandibular and anterior malleolar ligaments. ... Synonym: Meckel's cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular condyle
The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mandibular dentition
Synonym for inferior dental arch ... The teeth supported by the alveolar part of the mandible, whether the 10 deciduous teeth or the 16 permanent teeth. ... Synonym: arcus dentalis inferior, mandibular dentition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular disk
Synonym for articular disc of temporomandibular joint ... The fibrocartilaginous plate that separates the joint into upper and lower cavities. ... Synonym: discus articularis temporomandibularis, mandibular disk, temporomandibular articular disk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular foramen
The opening into the mandibular canal on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible giving passage to the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein. ... Synonym: foramen mandibulae, inferior dental foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular fossa
A deep hollow in the squamous portion of the temporal bone at the root of the zygoma, in which rests the condyle of the mandible. ... Synonym: cavitas glenoidalis, fossa mandibularis, articular fossa of temporal bone, glenoid cavity, glenoid fossa, glenoid surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular fractures
Fractures of the lower jaw. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mandibular guide prosthesis
A prosthesis with an extension designed to direct a resected mandible into a functional relation with the maxilla. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular hinge position
Any position of the mandible which exists when the condyles are so situated in the temporomandibular joints that opening or closing movements can be made on the hinge axis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular injuries
Injuries to the lower jaw bone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mandibular joint
Synonym for temporomandibular joint ... <anatomy, dentistry> The joint that connects the lower jaw to the skull. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...

mandibular lymph node
One of the facial lymph nodes located by the facial artery near the point it crosses the mandible. ... Synonym: nodus mandibularis, mandibular nodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular movement
Movement's of the lower jaw, all changes in position of which the mandible is capable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A branch of the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. The mandibular nerve carries motor fibres to the muscles of mastication and sensory fibres to the teeth and gingivae, the face in the region of the mandible, and parts of the dura. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mandibular nodes
Synonym for mandibular lymph node ... One of the facial lymph nodes located by the facial artery near the point it crosses the mandible. ... Synonym: nodus mandibularis, mandibular nodes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular notch
The deep notch between the condylar and coronoid processes of the mandible. ... Synonym: incisura mandibulae, sigmoid notch. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular process
Synonym for mandibular arch ... The first postoral arch in the branchial arch series. ... Synonym: mandibular process. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular prosthesis
A prosthetic appliance for the replacement of areas of the mandible missing or defective as a result of deformity, disease, injury, or surgery. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mandibular prosthesis implantation
Surgical insertion of an appliance for the replacement of areas of the mandible. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

mandibular reflex
Synonym for jaw reflex ... A spasmodic contraction of the temporal muscles following a downward tap on the loosely hanging mandible. ... Synonym: chin jerk, chin reflex, jaw jerk, mandibular reflex, masseter reflex. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular tongue
Synonym for lingula of mandible ... A pointed tongue of bone overlapping the mandibular foramen, giving attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament. ... Synonym: lingula mandibulae, mandibular tongue, Spix's spine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibular torus
Torus mandibularis, an exostosis protruding from the lingual aspect of the mandible, usually opposite the premolar teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibulectomy
<procedure> Resection of the lower jaw. ... Origin: mandibula + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibulo-oculofacial
Relating to the mandible and the orbital part of the face. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibulo-oculofacial syndrome
Synonym for dyscephalia mandibulo-oculofacialis ... A syndrome of bony anomalies of the calvaria, face, and jaw, with brachygnathia, narrow curved nose, and multiple ocular defects including microphthalmia, microcornea, and cataract, often with alopecia overlying skull sutures, or alopecia areata and hypoplasia, or absence of eyebrows. The pattern o …

mandibuloacral dysostosis
An autosomal recessive disorder characterised by dental crowding, acro-osteolysis, stiff joints, and atrophy of the skin of the hands and feet; clavicles are hypoplastic, cranial sutures are wide, and multiple wormian bones are present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibulofacial
Relating to the mandible and the face. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibulofacial dysostosis
A hereditary disorder occurring in two forms: the complete form (franceschetti's syndrome) is characterised by antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures, coloboma of the lower lid, micrognathia and hypoplasia of the zygomatic arches, and microtia. It is transmitted as an autosomal trait. The incomplete form (treacher collins syndrome) is charac …

mandibulofacial dysotosis syndrome
Synonym for mandibulofacial dysostosis ... A hereditary disorder occurring in two forms: the complete form (franceschetti's syndrome) is characterised by antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures, coloboma of the lower lid, micrognathia and hypoplasia of the zygomatic arches, and microtia. It is transmitted as an autosomal trait. The incomplete …

mandibulofacial dysplasia
Synonym for mandibulofacial dysostosis ... A hereditary disorder occurring in two forms: the complete form (franceschetti's syndrome) is characterised by antimongoloid slant of the palpebral fissures, coloboma of the lower lid, micrognathia and hypoplasia of the zygomatic arches, and microtia. It is transmitted as an autosomal trait. The incomplete …

mandibulomaxillary fixation
Synonym for intermaxillary fixation ... Fixation of fractures of the mandible or maxilla by applying elastic bands or stainless steel wire between the maxillary and mandibular arch bars or other types of splint. ... Synonym: mandibulomaxillary fixation, maxillomandibular fixation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibulopharyngeal
Relating to the mandible and the pharynx; denoting the region between the pharynx and the ramus of the mandible, in which are found the internal carotid artery, the internal jugular vein, and the vagus, glossopharyngeal, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandibulum
Synonym for mandible ... The jaw bone. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

mandrake
1. <botany> A low plant (Mandragora officinarum) of the Nightshade family, having a fleshy root, often forked, and supposed to resemble a man. It was therefore supposed to have animal life, and to cry out when pulled up. All parts of the plant are strongly narcotic. It is found in the Mediterranean region. 'And shrieks like mandrakes, torn ou …

mandrel
Mandril ... 1. The shaft or spindle to which a tool is attached and by means of which it is rotated. ... Synonym: mandrin. ... 3. In dentistry, an instrument used in a handpiece to hold a disk, stone, or cup used for grinding, smoothing, or finishing. ... Origin: G. Mandra, a stable; the bed in which a ring's stone is set ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mandrin
A stiff wire or stylet inserted in the lumen of a soft catheter to give it shape and firmness while passing through a hollow tubular structure. ... Synonym: mandrel, mandril. ... Origin: Fr. Mandrin, mandrel ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manduca
A genus of sphinx or hawk moths of the family sphingidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Manduca sexta
A species of Lepidopteran insect, also called the tobacco hornworm moth. The caterpillars, which are very large, are used in studies of ion transport, moulting and as a system for transgenic gene expression (see baculovirus). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

maneb
<chemical> ((1,2-ethanediylbis(carbamodithioato))(2-))manganese. Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat. ... Pharmacological action: fungicides, industrial. ... Chemical name: Manganese, ((1,2-ethanediylbis(carbamodit …

manganese
An essential trace element. Present in cells as concentrations of _ 0.01&nbsp, mM. Activates a wide range of enzymes for example pyruvate carboxylase and one family of superoxide dismutases. Resembles magnesium and may replace it in many enzymes when it can modify substrate specificities. The addition of manganese salts to buffer solutions will …

manganese compounds
Inorganic chemicals that contain manganese as an integral part of the molecule. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

manganese peroxidase
<enzyme> Haem enzyme from phanerochaete chrysosporium which oxidises mn(ii) to mn(iii) which then directly oxidises a variety of organic substrates including various polymeric dye; mnp2 encodes isozyme 2 ... Registry number: EC 1.11.1.- ... Synonym: mn-peroxidase, manganese-dependent peroxidase, mnp2 gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

manganum
Synonym: manganese. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mange
See: Mangy] The scab or itch in cattle, dogs, and other beasts. ... <zoology> Mange insect, any one of several species of small parasitic mites, which burrow in the skin of cattle. Horses, dogs, and other animals, causing the mange. The mange insect of the horse (Psoroptes, or Dermatodectes, equi), and that of cattle (Symbiotes, or Dermatophag …

mangle
A machine for smoothing linen or cotton cloth, as sheets, tablecloths, napkins, and clothing, by roller pressure. ... <machinery> Mangle rack, a contrivance for converting continuous circular motion into reciprocating rectilinear motion, by means of a rack and pinion, as in the mangle. The pinion is held to the rack by a groove in such a manne …

mango
Origin: Pg. Manga, fr. Tamil mankay. ... 1. The fruit of the mango tree. It is rather larger than an apple, and of an ovoid shape. Some varieties are fleshy and luscious, and others tough and tasting of turpentine. The green fruit is pickled for market. ... 2. A green muskmelon stuffed and pickled. ... <zoology> Mango bird, a fish of the Ganges …

mango dermatitis
A perioral dermatitis resulting from a sensitization reaction to the resinous coating on the peel of the mango fruit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mangrove
1. <botany> The name of one or two trees of the genus Rhizophora (R. Mangle, and R. Mucronata, the last doubtfully distinct) inhabiting muddy shores of tropical regions, where they spread by emitting aerial roots, which fasten in the saline mire and eventually become new stems. The seeds also send down a strong root while yet attached to the …

mangrove fly
<entomology> Species of Chrysops in Africa, vectors of Loa loa; e.g., Chrysops silacea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Manhold, John
<person> U.S. Dentist, *1919 ... See: Volpe-Manhold Index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

mania
<psychiatry> Excitement of psychotic proportions manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganisation of behaviour and elevation of mood. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

mania, symptoms
Symptoms of mania include *inappropriate elation. *inappropriate irritability. *severe insomnia. *grandiose notions. *increased talking speed and/or volume. *disconnected and racing thoughts. *increased sexual desire. *markedly increased energy. *poor judgment. *inappropriate social behaviour. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

maniac
1. Obsolete term for a mentally ill or disturbed person. ... 2. One suffering from mania. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

maniacal
Relating to or characterised by mania. ... See: amok. ... Synonym: manic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manic
Affected with mania. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

manic episode
Manifestation of a major mood disorder in which there is a distinct period during which the predominant mood of the individual is either elevated, expansive, or irritable, and there are associated symptoms of the excited or manic phase of the bipolar disorder. ... See: affective disorders, endogenous depression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manic excitement
An excited mental state seen in a bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder characterised by hyperactivity, talkativeness, flight of ideas, pressured speech, grandiosity, and, occasionally, grandiose delusions. ... See: mania, manic-depressive. ... Synonym: acute mania. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manic psychosis
Synonym for affective psychosis ... Psychosis with predominant affective features. ... Synonym: manic psychosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manic-depression
Alternating moods of abnormal highs (mania) and lows (depression). Called bipolar disease because of the swings between these opposing poles in mood. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

manic-depressive
1. Pertaining to a manic-depressive psychosis (bipolar disorder). ... 2. One suffering from such a disorder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manic-depressive disease
See manic-depression. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

manic-depressive disorder
An obsolete term for one of the mood disorders; i.e., bipolar disorder, depression; affective psychosis, affective disorder, bipolar disorder, and endogenous depression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manic-depressive illness
Now referred to as bipolar illness, characterised by the occurrence of mania (euphoria) alternating with bouts of depression. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

manic-depressive psychosis
Perviously referred to as manic depressive illness, characterised by the occurrence of mania (euphoria) alternating with bouts of depression. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

manicy
Behaviour characteristic of the manic phase of bipolar disorder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manifest
Being the part or aspect of a phenomenon that is directly observable: concretely expressed in behaviour. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

manifest anxiety scale
True-false questionnaire made up of items believed to indicate anxiety, in which the subject answers verbally the statement that describes him. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

manifest content
Those elements of fantasy and dreams which are consciously available and reportable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manifest hyperopia
Hyperopia that can be compensated by accommodation. ... Synonym: facultative hyperopia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manifest strabismus
Evident deviation of one eye or the other; may be alternating or monocular. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manifest tetany
Tetany from any cause in which neuromuscular hyperexcitability are clearly evident, as opposed to latent tetany. ... Synonym: symptomatic tetany. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manifest vector
Projection of a spatial cardiac vector on a single plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manifestation
Something that manifest or constitutes on expression of something else: a perceptible, outward or visible expression. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

manifesting carrier
Synonym for manifesting heterozygote ... An organism heterozygous for what is ordinarily a recessive condition which, as a result of special mechanisms (such as lyonization, allelic exclusion, or a deletion in the homologous chromosome), has phenotypic manifestations. ... Synonym: manifesting carrier. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manifesting heterozygote
An organism heterozygous for what is ordinarily a recessive condition which, as a result of special mechanisms (such as lyonization, allelic exclusion, or a deletion in the homologous chromosome), has phenotypic manifestations. ... Synonym: manifesting carrier. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

manikin
A model, especially one with removable pieces, of the human body or any of its parts. ... See: phantom. ... Origin: dim. Of man ... (05 Mar 2000) ...