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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

hospitals, special
Hospitals which provide care for a single category of illness with facilities and staff directed toward a specific service. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hospitals, state
Hospitals controlled by agencies and departments of the state government. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hospitals, teaching
Hospitals engaged in educational and research programs, as well as providing medical care to the patients. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hospitals, university
Hospitals maintained by a university for the teaching of medical students, postgraduate training programs, and clinical research. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hospitals, veterans
Hospitals providing medical care to veterans of wars. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hospitals, voluntary
Private, not-for-profit hospitals that are autonomous, self-established, and self-supported. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

host
An organism that is infected with or is fed upon by a parasitic or pathogenic organism (for example, a virus, nematode, fungus). The term can also be applied, loosely, to a plant supporting an epiphyte. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

host cell
A cell which has been infected by a virus is known as the host cell of that virus. ... A cell which is used in lab techniques such as DNA cloning to receive, maintain, and allow the reproduction of recombinant DNA cloning vectors. The DNA introduced with the vector is replicated whenever the cell divides and the recombinant proteins encoded for by t …

host range
The range of host species or cell types which a particular virus, bacteria, or parasite is able to infect or parasitise. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

host range mutant
A mutant of phage or animal virus that grows normally in one of its host cells, but has lost the ability to grow in cells of a second host type. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

host restriction-modification
A bacterial system where the bacterium is able to destroy invading DNA from a bacteriophage (virus which infects bacteria) while at the same time preventing the destruction of their own DNA. The phage DNA is cleaved by a restriction enzyme made by the bacterium, the bacterial DNA is modified (usually with methylation) so that the enzyme will not de …

host versus graft reaction
The normal lymphocyte mediated reactions of a host against allogeneic or xenogeneic cells acquired as a graft or otherwise, which lead to damage or/and destruction of the grafted cells. The opposite of graft-versus-host reaction. The common basis of graft rejection. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

host vs graft reaction
The immune responses of a host to a graft. A specific response is graft rejection. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

host-parasite relations
The interactions between two organisms, one of which lives at the expense of the other. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

host-vector system
A combination of a bacterial host cell (i.e. A specific strain) and a virus vector (i.e. A particular bacteriophage strain) which work well together for DNA cloning. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hostile
Belonging or appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence, or a desire to thwart and injure; occupied by an enemy or enemies; inimical; unfriendly; as, a hostile force; hostile intentions; a hostile country; hostile to a sudden change. ... Synonym: Warlike, inimical, unfriendly, antagonistic, opposed …

hostility
Tendency to feel anger toward and to seek to inflict harm upon a person or group. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hostler
1. An innkeeper. See Hosteler. ... 2. The person who has the care of horses at an inn or stable; hence, any one who takes care of horses; a groom; so called because the innkeeper formerly attended to this duty in person. ... 3. The person who takes charge of a locomotive when it is left by the engineer after a trip. ... Origin: OE. Hosteler, osteler, …

hot
1. Having much sensible heat; exciting the feeling of warmth in a great degree; very warm; opposed to cold, and exceeding warm in degree; as, a hot stove; hot water or air. 'A hotvenison pasty.' ... 2. Characterised by heat, ardor, or animation; easily excited; firely; vehement; passionate; violent; eager. 'Achilles is impatient, hot, and revengeful …

hot abscess
Synonym for acute abscess ... A recently formed abscess with little or no fibrosis in the wall of the cavity. ... Synonym: hot abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hot bone lesions
<radiology> Non-routine localised hot bone lesions: Paget's disease, osteoid osteoma, fibrous dysplasia, melorheostosis generalised: hyperparathyroidism, haematologic disorders, Paget disease (rare), fibrous dysplasia, renal osteodystrophy ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hot cell
<radiobiology> Heavily radiation-shielded enclosure in which radioactive materials can be handled by persons using remote manipulators and viewing the materials through shielded windows or periscopes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hot flash
Colloquialism for one of the vasomotor symptoms of the climacteric that may involve the whole body as a flash of heat; also used interchangeably with hot flush. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hot flashes
A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during menopause. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hot flush
<symptom> A sensation of heat and flushing that occurs suddenly. May be associated with menopause or some medications. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hot gangrene
Gangrene following inflammation of the part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hot liver lesion
<radiology> Vena cava (superior vena cava/IVC) obstruction, QUADRATE (anterior medial segment of left lobe), basilic vein injection most likely to be collaterals, Budd-Chiari syndrome, CAUDATE lobe, cirrhosis, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), haemangioma see also: liver-spleen scan ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hot nodule
A thyroid nodule with a much higher uptake of radioactive iodine than the surrounding parenchyma; usually benign but sometimes causing hyperthyroidism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hot pack
A pack of cloth or other material soaked in hot water, or producing moist heat by another means. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hot salt steriliser
A steriliser for endodontic equipment in which table salt is heated in a container at 218 to 246°C; the dry heat is transmitted to root canal instruments, absorbent points, or cotton pellets for their rapid (5 to 10 seconds) sterilization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hot spleen
<radiology> Decreased liver uptake, liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis), shunting of portal venous blood, increased splenic uptake, haematopoietic disease, septicaemia, rheumatoid disorders, immunostimulation (tumour, Aldomet, IL-2) see: liver-spleen scan ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hot spot
<molecular biology> A particular area of DNA which is especially prone to spontaneous mutations or recombinations. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hot thyroid nodule
<radiology> Almost always hyperfunctioning adenoma, vast majority benign, up to 50% are autonomous see also: thyroid carcinoma, cold thyroid nodule ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hotchpotch
1. A mingled mass; a confused mixture; a stew of various ingredients; a hodgepodge. 'A mixture or hotchpotch of many tastes.' (Bacon) ... 2. A blending of property for equality of division, as when lands given in frank-marriage to one daughter were, after the death of the ancestor, blended with the lands descending to her and to her sisters from the …

hotfoot
Synonym for ignipedites ... Burning pain in the soles of the feet, in multiple neuritis. ... Synonym: hotfoot. ... Origin: L. Ignis, fire, + pes (ped-), foot, + G. Ites ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hotlines
A direct communication system, usually telephone, established for instant contact. It is designed to provide special information and assistance through trained personnel and is used for counseling, referrals, and emergencies such as poisonings and threatened suicides. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hottentot
1. <ethnology> One of a degraded and savage race of South Africa, with yellowish brown complexion, high cheek bones, and wooly hair growing in tufts. ... 2. The language of the Hottentots, which is remarkable for its clicking sounds. ... <botany> Hottentot cherry See Elephant's foot, under Elephant. ... Origin: D. Hottentot; so called from …

hottentotism
A form of stammering. ... Origin: D. Fr. Hottentot, (D. Hateren to stammer, tateren to stutter), a people in South Africa named by the Dutch for the sounds of their speech ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hound
1. <zoology> A variety of the domestic dog, usually having large, drooping ears, especially. One which hunts game by scent, as the foxhound, bloodhound, deerhound, but also used for various breeds of fleet hunting dogs, as the greyhound, boarhound, etc. 'Hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs.' (Shak) ... 2. A despicable person. 'Boy! …

hound-dog facies
The facial appearance in cutis laxa, with loose facial skin hanging in folds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

houndfish
<zoology> Any small shark of the genus Galeus or Mustelus, of which there are several species, as the smooth houndfish (G. Canis), of Europe and America; called also houndshark, and dogfish. ... The European nursehound, or small-spotted dogfish, is Scyllium canicula; the rough houndfish, or large-spotted dogfish, is S. Catulus. The name has al …

Hounsfield number
Synonym for CT number ... A normalised value of the calculated X-ray absorption coefficient of a pixel (picture element) in a computed tomogram, expressed in Hounsfield units, where the CT number of air is -1000 and that of water is zero. ... Synonym: Hounsfield number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hounsfield unit
A normalised index of X-ray attenuation based on a scale of -1000 (air) to +1000 (bone), with water being 0; used in CT imaging. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hounsfield, Godfrey
<person> British electronics engineer, *1919. ... Developed first practical computed tomography device, the EMI scanner; received the Nobel prise in Medicine in 1979 jointly with physicist A. M. Cormack. ... See: Hounsfield unit, Hounsfield number. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hour
1. <physics> The twenty-fourth part of a day; sixty minutes. ... 2. The time of the day, as expressed in hours and minutes, and indicated by a timepiece; as, what is the hour? at what hour shall we meet? ... 3. Fixed or appointed time; conjuncture; a particular time or occasion; as, the hour of greatest peril; the man for the hour. 'Woman, . . …

hourglass contraction
Constriction of the middle portion of a hollow organ, such as the stomach or the gravid uterus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hourglass head
In congenital syphilis, a skull with depressed coronal suture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hourglass murmur
One in which there are two areas of maximum loudness decreasing to a point midway between the two. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hourglass pattern
A vigorous ringlike contraction observed angiographically in the left ventricular angiogram in the right anterior oblique projection, resembling an hourglass; it is seen in the prolapsed mitral valve leaflet syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hourglass stomach
A condition in which there is a central constriction of the wall of the stomach dividing it into two cavities, cardiac and pyloric. ... Synonym: bilocular stomach, ectasia ventriculi paradoxa. ... Leather-bottle stomach, marked thickening and rigidity of the stomach wall, with reduced capacity of the lumen although often without obstruction; nearly a …

hourglass vertebrae
The radiographic appearance of some vertebrae in osteogenesis imperfecta tarda. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

house
1. A structure intended or used as a habitation or shelter for animals of any kind; but especially, a building or edifice for the habitation of man; a dwelling place, a mansion. 'Houses are built to live in; not to look on.' (Bacon) 'Bees with smoke and doves with noisome stench Are from their hives and houses driven away.' (Shak) ... 2. Household a …

house calls
Visits to the patient's home by professional personnel for the purpose of diagnosis and/or treatment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

house officer
An intern or resident employed by a hospital to provide service to patients while receiving training in a medical specialty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

house staff
Physicians and surgeons in specialty training at a hospital who care for the patients under the direction and responsibility of the attending staff. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

house surgeon
The senior member of the surgical house staff responsible for the execution of the orders of the attending surgeon, and who also substitutes when the latter is absent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

houseflies
Flies of the species musca domestica (family muscidae), which infest human habitations throughout the world and often act as carriers of pathogenic organisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

housefly
See: Musca, Fannia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

household articles
Various material objects and items in the home. It includes temporary or permanent machinery and appliances. It does not include furniture or interior furnishings (furniture see interior design and furnishings; interior furnishings see interior design and furnishings). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

household products
Substances or materials used in the course of housekeeping or personal routine. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

housekeeping
1. The state of being occupying a dwelling house as a householder. ... 2. Care of domestic concerns; management of a house and home affairs. ... 3. Hospitality; a liberal and hospitable table; a supply of provisions. 'Tell me, softly and hastly, what's in the pantry? Small housekeeping enough, said Phoebe.' (Sir W. Scott) ... Source: Websters Dictiona …

housekeeping gene
<molecular biology> The genes which are expressed in all cells and which code for molecules that are necessary for basic maintenance and essential cellular functions. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

housekeeping genes
Genes that are generally always expressed and thought to be involved in routine cellular metabolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

housekeeping protein
<molecular biology> Those sets of proteins involved in the basic functioning of a cell or the set of cells in an organism, for example enzymes involved in synthesis and processing of DNA, RNA, proteins or the major metabolic pathways. As opposed to luxury proteins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

housekeeping, hospital
Hospital department which manages and provides the required housekeeping functions in all areas of the hospital. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

housemaid's knee
An adventitious occupational bursitis occurring over the tibial tuberosity, the area of contact when kneeling; not to be confused with infrapatellar bursitis. ... Synonym: prepatellar bursitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

housewife
1. The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household. 'He a good husband, a good housewife she.' (Dryden) ... 2. [See Hussy, in this sense] A little case or bag for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female work; called also hussy. ... Alternative forms: huswife. ... 3. A hussy. [Usually written huswi …

housing
Living facilities for humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

housing for the elderly
Housing arrangements for the elderly or aged, intended to foster independent living. The housing may take the form of group homes or small apartments. It is available to the economically self-supporting but the concept includes housing for the elderly with some physical limitations. The concept should be differentiated from homes for the aged which …

Houssay animal
An animal that has been pancreatectomised and hypophysectomised. Named after the discoverer of the principle that animal's are more sensitive to insulin after removal of the pituitary, and that after this operation the intensity of diabetes in depancreatised animal's is diminished. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Houssay syndrome
<syndrome> The amelioration of diabetes mellitus by a destructive lesion in, or surgical removal of, the pituitary gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Houssay, Bernardo
<person> Argentinian physiologist and Nobel laureate, 1887-1971. ... See: Houssay animal, Houssay phenomenon, Houssay syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Houston, John
<person> Irish physician, 1802-1845. ... See: Houston's folds, Houston's muscle, Houston's valves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Houston's folds
Synonym for transverse rectal folds ... The three or four crescentic folds placed horizontally in the rectal mucous membrane; the superior rectal fold is situated near the beginning of the rectum on the left side; the middle rectal fold (Nelaton's fold) is most prominent and consistent and projects from the right side about 8 cm above the anus (appr …

Houston's muscle
Synonym for compressor venae dorsalis penis ... A variation of the bulbospongiosus muscle in which some fibres pass dorsal to the dorsal vein of the penis; thought at one time to be an important component in the mechanism of erection. ... Synonym: Houston's muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Houston's valves
Synonym for transverse rectal folds ... The three or four crescentic folds placed horizontally in the rectal mucous membrane; the superior rectal fold is situated near the beginning of the rectum on the left side; the middle rectal fold (Nelaton's fold) is most prominent and consistent and projects from the right side about 8 cm above the anus (appr …

Hovius, Jacob
<person> Dutch ophthalmologist, 1710-1786. ... See: canal of Hovius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Howard test
A differential ureteral catheterization test performed by the insertion of bilateral ureteral catheters to measure simultaneous urinary volume and sodium concentration in patients with suspected renovascular hypertension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Howard, John Eager
<person> U.S. Internist and endocrinologist, 1902-1985. ... See: Howard test, Ellsworth-Howard test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Howell unit
Synonym for heparin unit ... The quantity of heparin required to keep 1 ml of cat's blood fluid for 24 hr at 0°C; it is equivalent approximately to 0.002 mg of pure heparin. ... Synonym: Howell unit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Howell-Jolly bodies
Spherical or ovoid eccentrically located granules, approximately 1 um in diameter, occasionally observed in the stroma of circulating erythrocytes, especially in stained preparations (as compared with wet unstained films); probably represent nuclear remnants, inasmuch as they can be stained with dyes that are rather specific for chromatin; the sign …

Howell, William
<person> U.S. Physiologist, 1860-1945. ... See: Howell unit, Howell-Jolly bodies. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

however
Nevertheless; notwithstanding; yet; still; though; as, I shall not oppose your design; I can not, however, approve of it. 'In your excuse your love does little say; You might howe'er have took a better way.' (Dryden) ... Synonym: However, at least, Nevertheless, yet. ... These words, as here compared, have an adversative sense in reference to somethi …

howl
1. To utter a loud, protraced, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do. 'And dogs in corners set them down to howl.' (Drayton) 'Methought a legion of foul fiends Environ'd me about, and howled in my ears.' (Shak) ... 2. To utter a sound expressive of distress; to cry aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail. 'Howl ye, for the day of the L …

Howship, John
<person> British surgeon, 1781-1841. ... See: Howship's lacunae, Romberg-Howship symptom. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Howship's lacunae
Tiny depressions, pits, or irregular grooves in bone that is being resorbed by osteoclasts. ... Synonym: resorption lacunae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hox gene
<molecular biology> Homeobox containing genes of vertebrates. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Hoyer, Heinrich
<person> Polish anatomist and histologist, 1834-1907. ... See: Hoyer's anastomoses, Hoyer's canals, Sucquet-Hoyer canals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hoyer's anastomoses
Synonym for Sucquet-Hoyer canals ... Arteriovenous anastomoses controlling blood flow in the glomus bodies in the digits. ... Synonym: Hoyer's anastomoses, Hoyer's canals, Sucquet's anastomoses, Sucquet's canals, Sucquet-Hoyer anastomoses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hoyer's canals
Synonym for Sucquet-Hoyer canals ... Arteriovenous anastomoses controlling blood flow in the glomus bodies in the digits. ... Synonym: Hoyer's anastomoses, Hoyer's canals, Sucquet's anastomoses, Sucquet's canals, Sucquet-Hoyer anastomoses. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hp
See Horsepower. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

HP1 integrase
<chemical> 337-residue polypeptide; amino acid sequence given in first source ... Synonym: site-specific integration protein hp1, haemophilus ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

HPL
<abbreviation> Human placental lactogen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

HPLC
<abbreviation> High-pressure liquid chromatography; high-performance liquid chromatography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

HPV
Synonym for human papilloma virus ... <virology> A disease caused by the human papilloma virus characterised by a soft wart-like growth on the genitalia (for example penis, vulva). In adults this infection is most commonly transmitted sexually. Genital warts are very common and are increasing in incidence. ... Safe sex practices, such as using …

HRA
<abbreviation> Health risk assessment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

HRCT
Synonym for high resolution computed tomography ... Computed tomography with narrow collimation to reduce volume-averaging and an edge-enhancing reconstruction algorithm to sharpen the image, sometimes with a restricted field of view to minimise the size of pixels in the region imaged; used particularly for lung imaging. ... Hypocycloidal tomography, …

hs
<abbreviation> L. Hora somni, before sleep, at bedtime. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

HSK pathway
Synonym for Hatch Slack Kortshak pathway ... <biochemistry> Metabolic pathway responsible for primary carbon dioxide fixation in C4 plant photosynthesis. ... The enzymes that are found in mesophyll chloroplasts include PEP carboxylase, that adds carbon dioxide to phosphoenolpyruvate to give the 4 carbon compound, oxaloacetate. Four carbon compo …

HslVU protease
<enzyme> An ATP-dependent protease in e. Coli; composed of 2 heat shock proteins, the hslu atpase (clpy) and the hslv peptidase (clpq) related to certain beta-type subunits of the 20s proteasome ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... Synonym: clpq gene product, hslv gene product, clpy gene product, hslu gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...