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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

hybrid
<biology> An offspring of parents from different species or sub-species. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hybrid antibody
<immunology> Artificially produced antibody made by fusing hybridomas producing two different antibodies, the hybrid cells produce three different antibodies, only one of which is a heterophilic antibody. Can also be prepared chemically from two antibodies. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hybrid cell
<genetics, molecular biology> Any cell type containing components from one or more genomes, other than zygotes and their derivatives. Hybrid cells may be formed by cell fusion or by transfection. ... See: heterokaryon. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hybrid diode
<radiobiology> An ion diode that uses a field coil in series with the ion diode's accelerating gap to generate sufficient magnetic flux in the diode for electron control. The diode is a combination of the Applied-B diode's ion source and the Ampfion diode's field coil. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hybrid DNA
<molecular biology> A double-stranded DNA molecule which was made by hybridising two single-stranded DNA molecules from two different sources. If the two single-stranded DNA molecules have enough nucleotide sequences in common, they are able to form hydrogen bonds to each other's common sequences. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hybrid dysgenesis
The inability of certain strains of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to interbreed with each other because they produce offspring that are all sterile or offspring which have a high number of harmful mutations. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hybrid enzyme
<biochemistry> An enzyme in a heterozygous individual which has subunits with slightly different sequences of amino acids than other copies of the same enzyme. This occurs because the two alleles of the genes which code for each subunit are slightly different (due to the heterozygosity), so that either of the two versions of the subunit could …

hybrid inviability
<biology> The observation that certain hybrid organisms have lower fitness than the parent organisms, for example they grow more poorly or have lower survival rates. Hybrid inviability is the opposite of hybrid vigor. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hybrid molecule
<molecular biology> A double-stranded nucleic acid molecule which was artificially created from two different single-stranded nucleic acid molecules from different sources, for the purpose of comparing their nucleotide sequences. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hybrid name
<zoology> Names given to hybrids are not normally available, as they are individuals, not populations, and hence not taxa. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

hybrid plasmid
<molecular biology> A plasmid (circular DNA molecule) which is composed partly of the DNA of an organisms (or virus's) genome and partly of foreign DNA that has been inserted artificially. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hybrid prosthesis
Synonym for overlay denture ... A complete denture that is supported by both soft tissue and natural teeth that have been altered so as to permit the denture to fit over them. The altered teeth may have been fitted with short or long copings, locking devices, or connecting bars. ... Synonym: bar joint denture, hybrid prosthesis, overdenture, telescop …

hybrid resonance
<radiobiology> A resonance in a magnetised plasma which involves aspects of both bunching of lighter species parallel to the magnetic field, characterised by the plasma frequency, and perpendicular particle motions (heavier species) characterised by the cyclotron frequency. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hybrid sterility
<genetics, zoology> The inability of a hybrid to produce viable offspring. Whether an animal hybrid is sterile or fertile depends mainly on how closely its two parent species are related. ... For example: mules (which are hybrids between male donkeys and female horses) are usually sterile, while hybrids between domestic dogs and wolves are fer …

hybrid swarm
A group of morphologically distinctive individuals which results from the creation of hybrids between two parent species, then the backcrossing of the offspring to members of the parent species and the interbreeding among the hybrid individuals. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hybrid vigor
The adaptive superiority of heterozygous genotypes with respect to one or more characters in comparison with the corresponding homozygotes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hybrid-arrested translation
<molecular biology> The prevention of an mRNA molecule from being translated into a protein by hybridising it to its corresponding cDNA or to a complementary mRNA. This is used to identify cDNA molecules - the scientist puts the cDNA molecule in question in a test tube with a number of mRNA molecules and observes which protein is no longer ab …

hybridisation
<molecular biology> The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA or one each of DNA and RNA to form a double-stranded molecule. ... Technique in which single stranded nucleic acids are allowed to interact so that complexes or hybrids, are formed by molecules with sufficiently similar, complementary sequences. By this means the degre …

hybridisation stringency
<molecular biology> The percentage of nucleotides which must match on two unrelated single-stranded nucleic acid molecules before they will base pair with each other to form a duplex, given a certain set of physical and chemical conditions. ... The hybridisation stringency is used to determine when a hybridisation probe and a target nucleic ac …

hybridism
The state of being hybrid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hybridization
Synonym for hybridisation ... <molecular biology> The process of joining two complementary strands of DNA or one each of DNA and RNA to form a double-stranded molecule. ... Technique in which single stranded nucleic acids are allowed to interact so that complexes or hybrids, are formed by molecules with sufficiently similar, complementary seque …

hybridoma
<cell culture, tumour> A cell hybrid in which a tumour cell forms one of the original source cells. In practice, confined to hybrids between T or B lymphocytes and appropriate myeloma cell lines. ... (13 Oct 1997) ...

hybridomas
Cells artificially created by fusion of activated lymphocytes with neoplastic cells. The resulting hybrid cells are cloned and produce pure or 'monoclonal' antibodies or T-cell products, identical to those produced by the immunologically competent parent, and continually grow and divide as the neoplastic parent. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hycanthone
<chemical> Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of lucanthone. ... Pharmacological action: schistosomicides. ... Chemical name: 9H-Thioxanthen-9-one, 1-((2-(diethylamino)ethyl)amino)-4-(hydroxymethyl)- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

HycI protease
<enzyme> Involved in maturation of hyce from e. Coli. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

hyclate
USAN-approved contraction for monohydrochloride hemiethanolate hemihydrate, HCl-1/2C2H5OH-1/2H2O. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydantoin racemase
<enzyme> Catalyses the racemization of 5-substituted hydantoins in pseudomonas to their corresponding n-carbamoyl amino acids and ultimately to the corresponding l-amino acid ... Registry number: EC 5.1.99.- ... Synonym: hyue protein, hyue gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

hydantoinate
A salt of hydantoin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydathode
An epidermal structure specialised for secretion, or for exudation, of water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hydatid
<zoology> A membranous sac or bladder filled with a pellucid fluid, found in various parts of the bodies of animals, but unconnected with the tissues. It is usually formed by parasitic worms, especially. By larval tapeworms, as Echinococcus and Coenurus. See these words in the Vocabulary. ... <anatomy> Hydatid of Morgagni, one of the sma …

hydatid cyst
A cyst formed in the liver, or, less frequently, elsewhere, by the larval stage of Echinococcus, chiefly in ruminants; two morphological forms caused by Echinococcus granulosus are found in humans: the unilocular hydatid cyst and the osseous hydatid cyst; a third form in humans is the alveolar hydatid cyst, caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. …

hydatid cyst of morgagni
<radiology> Paraovarian cyst near fimbria or broad ligament, serous fluid, no clinical significance, wolffian duct remnant (probably) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hydatid disease
<infectious disease> A tissue infection by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus worm. This disease is common in South America, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Sporadic cases have been reported in the us. Infection occurs after ingestion of eggs in infected dog faeces. The infection is carried to the liver where cysts form. Cysts …

hydatid fremitus
Synonym for hydatid thrill ... The peculiar trembling or vibratory sensation felt on palpation of a hydatid cyst. ... Synonym: Blatin's syndrome, hydatid fremitus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatid polyp
Synonym for cystic polyp ... A pedunculated cyst. ... Synonym: hydatid polyp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatid pregnancy
The presence of a hydiform mole in the pregnant uterus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatid rash
A toxic eruption occasionally following the rupture of a hydatid cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatid resonance
A peculiar vibratile resonance heard on auscultatory percussion over a hydatid cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatid sand
The scoleces of Echinococcus tapeworms in the fluid within a primary or daughter hydatid cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatid thrill
The peculiar trembling or vibratory sensation felt on palpation of a hydatid cyst. ... Synonym: Blatin's syndrome, hydatid fremitus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatidiform
Having the form or appearance of a hydatid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatidiform mole
<gynaecology, oncology, tumour> A relatively rare mass or tumour that can form within the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. The cause of hydatidiform mole is unknown. ... Symptoms include vaginal bleeding, uterine growth, nausea and vomiting. Some hydatidiform moles may become malignant (cancerous) where they are referred to as a chorioc …

hydatidiform mole, invasive
A tumour or tumour-like process invading the myometrium, and characterised by trophoblastic hyperplasia and persistence of placental villous structures. It commonly results from complete hydatidiform mole but may do so from partial hydatidiform mole. Invasive mole may metastasize but it does not exhibit the progression of a true cancer, and it may …

hydatidocele
A cystic mass composed of one or more hydatids formed in the scrotum. ... Origin: hydatid + G. Kele, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatidoma
<tumour> A benign neoplasm in which there is prominent formation of hydatids. ... Origin: hydatid + G. -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatidosis
A tissue infection by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus worm. This disease is common in South America, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. Sporadic cases have been reported in the us. Infection occurs after ingestion of eggs in infected dog faeces. The infection is carried to the liver where cysts form. Cysts may also form in the lungs, …

hydatidostomy
<procedure> Surgical evacuation of a hydatid cyst. ... Origin: hydatid + G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydatiform mole
<radiology> Trophoblastic proliferation with avascularity of chorionic villi, marked oedema and enlargement of chorionic villi, severe eclampsia prior to 24 weeks, 1st trimester bleeding, abnormal elevation of beta-hCG, passing grapelike vesicles per vagina, uterus large for dates (50%), hyperechoic intrauterine tissue interspersed with numer …

Hydatigera taeniaeformis
Synonym for Taenia taeniaeformis ... One of the common tapeworms of household cats; the larval form is called Cysticercus fasciolaris. ... Synonym: Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Taenia crassicollis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hyde
James N., U.S. Dermatologist, 1840-1910. ... See: Hyde's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hyde's disease
Synonym for prurigo nodularis ... An eruption of hard nodules (Picker's nodules) in the skin caused by rubbing and accompanied by intense itching. ... Synonym: Hyde's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydnocarpus oil
Synonym for chaulmoogra oil ... The fixed oil expressed from seeds of Taraktogenos kurzii and Hydnocarpus wightiana (family Flacourtiaceae); formerly used in the treatment of leprosy. ... Synonym: gynocardia oil, hydnocarpus oil. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydr-
1. <prefix> A combining form from the Greek term for water. ... 2. <chemistry> A combining form of hydrogen, indicating hydrogen as an ingredient, as hydrochloric; or a reduction product obtained by hydrogen, as hydroquinone. ... (29 Oct 1998) ...

Hydra
<organism> Genus of freshwater coelenterates (cnidarians). They are small, solitary and only exist in the polyp form, which is a radially symmetrical cylinder that is attached to the substratum at one end and has a mouth surrounded by tentacles at the other. They have considerable powers of regeneration and have been used in studies on positi …

hydracetin
Pure form of acetylphenylhydrazine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydradenitis
Synonym for hidradenitis ... <dermatology> The inflammation of a sweat gland (usually of the apocrine type). ... The condition can be idiopathic or occur as a result of or in association with another underlying condition. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis is a relatively rare variant that has been reported in patients undergoing chemotherapy, u …

hydradenoma
Synonym for hidradenoma ... <tumour> A benign neoplasm derived from epithelial cells of sweat glands. ... Synonym: hydradenoma. ... Origin: G. Hidros, sweat, + aden, gland, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydraemic oedema
An obsolete term for oedema occurring in states marked by pronounced hydraemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydralazine
<chemical> A peripheral vasodilator used as an antihypertensive agent. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, vasodilator agents. ... Chemical name: 1(2H)-Phthalazinone, hydrazone ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hydralazine hydrochloride
1-Hydrazinophthalazine hydrochloride;a vasodilating antihypertensive agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydralazine syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome simulating systemic lupus erythematosus, occurring during protracted therapy of hypertension with hydralazine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrallostane
11b,17a,21-Trihydroxy-5b-pregnane-3,20-dio ne;a metabolite of cortisole, reduced at the 4,5 double bond. ... Synonym: 4,5a-dihydrocortisol. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydramitrazine tartrate
2,4-Bis(Diethylamino)-6-hydrazino-s-triazine tartrate;an intestinal antispasmodic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydramnion
Hydramnios ... Presence of an excessive amount of amniotic fluid. ... Origin: G. Hydor, water, + amnion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydramnios
An abnormal condition of pregnancy characterised by an excess of amnionic fluid. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

hydranencephaly
<radiology> Probably secondary to ICA occlusion in utero; may be developmental, normal or enlarged head, with or without neurologically normal, CT findings: small areas of cortex, usually occipital, basal ganglia and cerebellum normal, ventricles have no roof, may resemble severe hydrocephalus, angio most likely to be sparse, atretic vessels, …

hydrargyria
Hydrargyrism ... Synonym: mercury poisoning. ... Origin: L. Hydrargyrum, mercury ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrarthrodial
Relating to hydrarthrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrase
Former name for hydratase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrastinine
A semisynthetic alkaloid prepared from hydrastine; the hydrochloride has been used in uterine haemorrhage and as an oxytocic; in large doses, it is a powerful depressant of the entire motor tract (motor cortex, nerve, and muscle). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrastis
The dried rhizome of Hydrastis canadensis (family Ranunculaceae), a native of the eastern U.S.; formerly used in the treatment of chronic catarrhal states of the mucous membranes and in metrorrhagia. ... Synonym: golden seal, jaundice root, yellow root. ... Origin: Mod. L. Fr. G. Hydor (hydro-), water, + drao, to accomplish ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydratase
Trivial name applied, together with dehydratase, to certain hydro-lyases (EC class 4.2.1) catalyzing hydration-dehydration; e.g., fumarate-malate interconversion by fumarate hydratase. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrate
<chemistry> A compound formed by the union of water with some other substance, generally forming a neutral body, as certain crystallized salts. ... A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; …

hydrate crystal
One of several possible microstructural arrangements of water molecules based on intermolecular forces; suggested as being involved in the mode of action of inhalation anaesthetics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrated
Combined with water, forming a hydrate. ... Synonym: hydrous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrated alumina
Synonym for aluminum hydroxide ... <chemical> Hydrated aluminum. A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc. ... Pharmacological action: antacids, pharmaceutic aid. ... Chemical name: Aluminum hydroxi …

hydration
The condition of being combined with water. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hydraulic
Of or pertaining to hydraulics, or to fluids in motion; conveying, or acting by, water; as, an hydraulic clock, crane, or dock. Hydraulic accumulator, an accumulator for hydraulic machinery of any kind. See Accumulator. Hydraulic brake, a cataract. See Cataract. Hydraulic cement, a cement or mortar made of hydraulic lime, which will harden under wa …

hydraulic conductivity
Ease of pressure filtration of a liquid through a membrane; specifically, Kf = &eta;(Q/A) (dx/dP), where Kf = hydraulic conductivity, &eta; = viscosity of the liquid being filtered, Q/A = volume of liquid filtered per unit time and unit area, and dx/dP = reciprocal of the pressure gradient through the membrane; solute concentrations should …

hydraulic load
Amount of liquid going into a system. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

hydraulic motor
By altering the internal osmotic pressure within a cell, water will enter and a considerable expansion of the compartment will occur. This has been used as a motor device in plants (turgor pressure), in eversion of nematocysts and possibly in the production of other cellular protrusions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hydraulics
That branch of science, or of engineering, which treats of fluids in motion, especially of water, its action in rivers and canals, the works and machinery for conducting or raising it, its use as a prime mover, and the like. ... As a science, hydraulics includes hydrodynamics, or the principles of mechanics applicable to the motion of water; as a br …

hydrazide
An organic compound of the general formula RCO-NHNH2; an acyl derivative of hydrazine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrazine
<chemistry> Any one of a series of nitrogenous bases, resembling the amines and produced by the reduction of certain nitroso and diazo compounds; as, methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, etc. They are derivatives of hydrazine proper, H2N.NH2, which is a doubled amido group, recently (1887) isolated as a stable, colourless gas, with a peculiar, …

hydrazinolysis
Cleavage of chemical bonds by hydrazine (NH2-NH2); applied in protein and nucleic acid degradations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrazone
A substance derived from aldehydes and ketones by reaction with hydrazine or a hydrazine derivative to give the grouping ==C==N-NH2. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrazones
Compounds of the general formula r:n.nr2, as resulting from the action of hydrazines with aldehydes or ketones. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hydrencephalocele
Protrusion, through a cleft in the skull, of brain substance expanded into a sac containing fluid. ... Synonym: encephalocystocele, hydrocephalocele, hydroencephalocele. ... Origin: hydr-+ G. Enkephalos, brain, + kele, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrencephalomeningocele
Protrusion, through a defect in the skull, of a sac containing meninges, brain substance, and cerebrospinal fluid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrencephalus
Rarely used term for internal hydrocephalus. ... Origin: hydr-+ G. Enkephalos, brain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydriatric
Hydriatic ... Relating to the obsolete use of water to treat or cure disease. ... Synonym: hydrotherapeutic. ... Origin: hydr-+ G. Iatrikos, relating to medicine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydric
Characterised by an abundant supply of water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hydric soil
A soil that is saturated, flooded or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hydride ion
The H- i., transferred to acceptor molecules in some biological oxidations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydrindantin
The reduced form of ninhydrin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydriodic
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or derived from, hydrogen and iodine; said of an acid produced by the combination of these elements. ... <chemistry> Hydriodic acid, a pungent, colourless gas, HI, usually prepared as a solution in water. It is strong reducing agent. ... Synonym: hydrogen iodine. ... Origin: Hydr- + iodic: cf. F. Hydriodique. ... …

hydro-
Hydr- ... 1. Water, watery. ... 2. Containing or combined with hydrogen. ... 3. A hydatid. ... Origin: G. Hydor, water ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hydro-electric
Pertaining to, employed in, or produced by, the evolution of electricity by means of a battery in which water or steam is used. ... <physics> Hydro-electric machine, an apparatus invented by Sir William Armstrong of England for generating electricity by the escape of high-pressure steam from a series of jets connected with a strong boiler, in …

hydro-lyases
<enzyme> Enzymes that catalyze the removal of water from a substrate by breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond, leading to formation of a double bond. The recommended name is usually dehydratase. The term synthase or hydratase is used when the reverse aspect of the reaction is dominant. ... Registry number: EC 4.2.1. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hydro-mulching
<botany> Seeding of grasses, mixed with fertiliser, a wood pulp mulch, and a tackifier to stick the mix to the ground, applied by a machine blower in a wet condition to exposed, denuded slopes or embankments. (if no mulch is used, it is called hydro-seeding.) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...