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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

hyperinvolution
Synonym for superinvolution ... An extreme reduction in size of the uterus, after childbirth, below the normal size of the nongravid organ. ... Synonym: hyperinvolution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperisotonic
Synonym for hypertonic ... Of a fluid, sufficiently concentrated to cause osmotic shrinkage of cells immersed in it. Note that a mildly hyperosmotic solution is not necessarily hypertonic for viable cells, that are capable of regulating their volumes by active transport. ... See: hypotonic, isotonic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hyperkalaemia
<biochemistry> Abnormal elevation of serum potassium level. Can result in cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Conditions which may cause an increase in blood potassium include kidney failure, haemolytic anaemia, chemotherapy and drug side effects. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (29 Sep 1997) ...

hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis
A form of periodic paralysis in which the serum potassium level is elevated during attacks; onset occurs in infancy, attacks are frequent but relatively mild, and myotonia is often present; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperkaliaemia
Synonym for hyperkalaemia ... <biochemistry> Abnormal elevation of serum potassium level. Can result in cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Conditions which may cause an increase in blood potassium include kidney failure, haemolytic anaemia, chemotherapy and drug side effects. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (29 Sep 1997) ...

hyperkaluresis
Excessive urinary excretion of potassium. ... Origin: hyper-+ Mod. L. Kalium, potassium, + G. Oureo, to urinate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperkeratinization
Synonym for hyperkeratosis ... 1. Hypertrophy of the corneous layer of the skin. ... 2a. Any of various conditions marked by hyperkeratosis. ... 2b. A disease of cattle marked by thickening and wringling of the hide and formation of papillary outgrowths on the buccal mucous membranes, often accompanied by watery discharge from eyes and nose, diarrhoea …

hyperkeratomycosis
Thickening of the horny layer of the skin due to mycotic infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperkeratosis
1. Hypertrophy of the corneous layer of the skin. ... 2a. Any of various conditions marked by hyperkeratosis. ... 2b. A disease of cattle marked by thickening and wringling of the hide and formation of papillary outgrowths on the buccal mucous membranes, often accompanied by watery discharge from eyes and nose, diarrhoea, loss of condition and aborti …

hyperkeratosis congenita
Synonym for ichthyosis vulgaris ... most common form of ichthyosis characterised by prominent scaling especially on the exterior surfaces of the extremities. It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hyperkeratosis eccentrica
Synonym for porokeratosis ... A rare, chronic, progressive autosomal dominant disorder seen most often in males and usually appearing in early childhood. It is characterised by the formation of slightly atrophic patches surrounded by an elevated, keratotic border. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hyperkeratosis penetrans
Synonym for hyperkeratosis follicularis et parafollicularis ... Discrete and confluent horny follicular plugs on a crateriform base, often occurring on the arms and legs in diabetics with renal failure; possibly a severe form of perforating folliculitis. ... Synonym: hyperkeratosis penetrans, Kyrle's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperkeratosis subungualis
Hyperkeratosis affecting the nailbeds of the fingers or toes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperkeratosis, epidermolytic
A form of congenital ichthyosis inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterised by erythroderma and severe hyperkeratosis. It is manifested at birth by blisters followed by the appearance of thickened, horny, verruciform scales over the entire body, but accentuated in flexural areas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hyperketonaemia
Elevated concentrations of ketone bodies in the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperketonuria
Increased urinary excretion of ketonic compounds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperkinaemia
Increased circulation rate; increased volume flow through the circulation; supernormal cardiac output. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Kineo, to move, + haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperkinesia
Abnormally increased motor function or activity, hyperactivity. ... Origin: Gr. Kinesis = motion ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hyperkinetic
Pertaining to or characterised by hyperkinesia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperkinetic dysarthria
Dysarthria caused by chorea and myoclonus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperkinetic heart syndrome
<syndrome> Loosely, a syndrome in which the heart appears to be 'overworking', i.e., beating excessively fast and/or causing subjective awareness of continual cardiac activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperkinetic syndrome
<syndrome> A condition marked by pathologically excessive energy seen sometimes in young children with brain injury, mental illness, and attention deficit disorder, and in epileptics; hypermotility and emotional instability are the chief characteristics; distractibility, inattention, and lack of shyness and of fear are common accompaniments.< …

hyperlactation
Synonym for superlactation ... The continuance of lactation beyond the normal period. ... Synonym: hyperlactation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperleukocytosis
An unusually great increase in the number and proportion of leukocytes in the circulating blood or the tissues; i.e., much more than that ordinarily observed in most instances of leukocytosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperlexia
In retarded children, the presence of relatively advanced reading ability. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Lexis, word, phrase ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperlipaemia
<biochemistry> Increased fats in the bloodstream. One can see the fat globules in blood specimens which are particularly high in fats with the naked eye. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

hyperlipidaemia
<biochemistry> A general term for elevated concentrations of any or all of the lipids in the plasma, such as cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hyperlipidemia
Synonym for hyperlipidaemia ... <biochemistry> A general term for elevated concentrations of any or all of the lipids in the plasma, such as cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hyperlipidemia, familial combined
A disorder genetically distinct from the other inherited hyperlipidemias characterised by the type II or type IV lipoprotein pattern (the pattern may change from time to time and the lipid level may be normal at one time and abnormal at another time). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hyperlipoidemia
Synonym for lipaemia ... <biochemistry> Presence of an abnormally high amount of lipid in the bloodstream. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hyperlipoproteinaemia
<biochemistry> The same as hyperlipidaemia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hyperlipoproteinaemia type III
A rather uncommon form of familial hyperlipaemia characterised by the presence of lipoproteins of abnormal composition. The main abnormal lipoproteins are called beta-vldl and have a different apoprotein content and a higher proportion of cholesterol relative to triglyceride than normal vldl. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV
A familial disorder characterised by an isolated elevation in the plasma level of endogenously synthesised triglyceride carried in vldl. It is considered to be an autosomal dominant trait. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hyperlipoproteinaemia type v
A severe familial adult-onset hypertriglyceridemia different from that due to lipoprotein lipase deficiency. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hyperliposis
1. Excessive adiposity. ... 2. An extreme degree of fatty degeneration. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Lipos, fat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperlithuria
An excessive excretion of uric (lithic) acid in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperlogia
Morbid verbosity or loquacity. ... See: logorrhoea. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Logios, eloquent ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperlordosis
Extreme lordosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperlucent
A region on a chest film showing greater than normal film blackening from increased transmission of X-rays. ... See: unilateral hyperlucent lung. ... Origin: hyper-+ L. Lucens, shining, fr. Luceo, to shine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperlucent lung
The radiographic finding that a lung or portion thereof is less dense than normal, as from air trapping by a bronchial foreign body, asymmetric emphysema, or decreasing blood flow. ... See: unilateral hyperlucent lung. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperlysinaemia
Abnormal increase of the amino acid lysine in the circulating blood; associated with mental retardation, convulsions, anaemia, and asthenia; autosomal recessive inheritance. A rare form has an accompanying hyperammonaemia. Another variant is thought to be a mitochondrial defect; associated with a deficiency of alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthas …

hyperlysinuria
The presence of abnormally high concentrations of lysine in the urine; a form of aminoaciduria that occurs in cystinuria, hepatolenticular degeneration, and the Fanconi syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermagnesaemia
Excess magnesium. Persons with impaired kidney function should be especially careful about their magnesium intake because they can accumulate magnesium, a dangerous (and sometimes fatal) situation. According to the national academy of sciences, the recommended dietary allowances of magnesium are 420 milligrams per day for men and 320 milligrams per …

hypermastia
Synonym: polymastia. ... 2. Excessively large mammary glands. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Mastos, breast ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermastigote
<protozoa> Large multi flagellate symbiotic protozoa found in the gut of termites and wood eating cockroaches. ... most bizarre example of the group is Mixotricha paradoxica that actually has few flagella and is propelled by spirochaetes bacteria) that are attached to special bracket like regions of the cell wall. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypermature cataract
A cataract in which the lens cortex becomes liquid, with the nucleus gravitating within the capsule (Morgagni's cataract). ... Synonym: overripe cataract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermedia
Computerised compilations of information units (text, sound, graphics, and/or video) interconnected by logical nonlinear linkages that enable users to follow optimal paths through the material and also the systems used to create and display this information. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypermenorrhoea
Excessively prolonged or profuse menses. ... Synonym: menorrhagia, menostaxis. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Men, month, + rhoia, flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermetabolism
Heat production by the body above normal, as in thyrotoxicosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermethioninaemia
Elevated levels of methionine in the sera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermetria
Ataxia characterised by overreaching a desired object or goal; usually seen with cerebellar disorders. ... Compare: hypometria. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermetrope
Synonym for hyperope ... One suffering from hyperopia. ... Synonym: hypermetrope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermetropia
Synonym for hyperopia ... Farsightedness or hyperopia occurs when a refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are focused behind the retina. This condition is easily corrected with corrective lenses or contact lenses. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

hypermetropy
A condition of the eye in which, through shortness of the eyeball or fault of the refractive media, the rays of light come to a focus behind the retina; farsightedness; called also hyperopia. Cf. Emmetropia. ... In hypermetropia, vision for distant objects, although not better absolutely, is better than that for near objects, and hence, the individu …

hypermnesia
1. Extreme power of memory. ... 2. A capacity under hypnosis for immediate registration and precise recall of many more individual items than is thought possible under ordinary circumstances. ... Compare: hypomnesia. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Mneme, memory ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermobility
Increased range of movement of joints, joint laxity, occurring normally in young children or as a result of disease, e.g., Marfan's or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; hypermobility may result in degenerative joint disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermobility syndrome
<syndrome> A common benign childhood condition involving hypermobile joints (that can move beyond the normal range of motion). Symptoms include pains in knees, fingers, hips, and elbows. The affected joints may sprain or dislocate. Scoliosis (curvature of the spine) is more frequent. Usually improves with adulthood. Also called the joint hype …

hypermorph
<molecular biology> A mutant gene which causes the activity that it influences to increase. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypermutable phenotype
<molecular biology> A bacterial strain with the hypermutable phenotype is one which is unable to replace uracil (a nucleotide normally found only in RNA) with cytosine in its DNA when the uracil appears in the DNA by mistake. ... As a result, the strain undergoes much higher rates of mutation than other bacterial strains. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypermyotonia
Extreme muscular tonus. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Mys, muscle, + tonos, tension ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypermyotrophy
Muscular hypertrophy. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Mys, muscle, + trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypernatraemia
<biochemistry> Abnormal elevation of blood sodium concentration. Normal blood sodium should be 136 to 142 milliequivalents per litre. Excessively high blood sodium (155+meq/l) can manifest as a decreased level of consciousness or a change in mentation. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypernatraemic encephalopathy
Subarachnoid and subdural effusions in infants with hypernatraemic dehydration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperneocytosis
Hyperleukocytosis in which there are considerable numbers of immature and young cells (especially in the granulocytic series); i.e., a 'shift to the left' in the haemogram. ... Synonym: hyperskeocytosis. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Neos, new, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypernephroid
Resembling or of the type of the adrenal gland. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Nephros, kidney, + eidos, appearance ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypernephroma
<oncology, tumour> The most common form of kidney cancer which occurs when the cells lining the renal tubule undergo cancerous changes. There are approximately 18,000 new cases of renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) per year in the U.S. With about 8,000 deaths annually. Smoking is considered a major risk factor. Kidney dialysis patients are …

hypernephronia
Synonym for renal adenocarcinoma ... <radiology> Hypernephroma, renal cell carcinoma, arises from proximal collecting tubule, 10% bilateral adenocarcinoma types: papillary, alveolar, onchocytoma vascularity, 85% hypervascular (require pre-op embolization), 10% hypovascular (usually papillary type), 5% avascular associated with: tuberous sclero …

hypernoia
1. Great rapidity of thought. ... 2. Excessive mental activity or imagination of the type seen in the manic phase of manic depression. ... See: depression, hyperpragia. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Noeo, to think ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypernomic
Uncontrolled to excess. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Nomos, law ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypernutrition
Synonym for supernutrition ... Overeating leading to obesity. ... Synonym: hypernutrition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperoncotic
Indicating an oncotic pressure higher than normal, e.g., of blood plasma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperonychia
Hypertrophy of the nails. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Onyx, (onych-), nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperope
One suffering from hyperopia. ... Synonym: hypermetrope. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperopia
Farsightedness or hyperopia occurs when a refractive error in which light rays entering the eye are focused behind the retina. This condition is easily corrected with corrective lenses or contact lenses. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

hyperopic
Pertaining to hyperopia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperopic astigmatism
That form of astigmatism in which one meridian is hyperopic and the one at right angle to it is without a refractive error. ... Synonym: simple hyperopic astigmatism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperorality
A condition in which inappropriate objects are placed in the mouth. ... Origin: hyper-+ L. Os (or-), mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperorchidism
An obsolete term for increased size or functioning of the testes. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Orchis, testis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperorexia
Synonym: bulimia nervosa. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Orexis, appetite ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperornithinaemia
Elevated levels of ornithine in the serum; sometimes associated with hyperammonaemia and homocitrullinuria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperorthocytosis
Hyperleukocytosi s in which the relative percentages of the various types of white blood cells are within the normal range and immature forms are not observed. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Orthos, correct, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperosmia
An exaggerated or abnormally acute sense of smell. ... Synonym: hyperosphresia, hyperosphresis, olfactory hyperesthesia, hyperesthesia olfactoria, oxyosmia, oxyosphresia. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Osme, sense of smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperosmolality
Increased concentration of a solution expressed as osmoles of solute per kilogram of serum water. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
A complication seen in diabetes mellitus in which very marked hyperglycaemia occurs (such as levels over 800 mg/dL) causing osmotic shifts in water in brain cells and resulting in coma. It can be fatal or lead to permanent neurologic damage. Ketoacidosis does not occur in these cases. ... Synonym: nonketotic hyperglycaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperosmolarity
An increase in the osmotic concentration of a solution expressed as osmoles of solute per liter of solution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperosmotic
Of a liquid, having a higher osmotic pressure (usually than the physiological level). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hyperosphresia
Synonym: hyperosmia. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Osphresis, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperosteoidosis
Excessive formation of osteoid, as seen in rickets and osteomalacia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperostosis
Hypertrophy of bone, exostosis. ... Origin: Gr. Osteon = bone ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hyperostosis corticalis deformans
Marked irregular thickening of the skull and bone cortex, with thickening and widening of the shafts of long bones and high serum alkaline phosphatase; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperostosis frontalis interna
<radiology> Overgrowth of bone at the inner table of the frontal bone, usually bilateral and symmetrical, chiefly in females greater than 35 y.o., no clinical siginificance, unknown aetiology, irregular cortical thickening of the frontal area, spares areas occupied by superior sagital sinus and venous channels, may be 1 cm or thicker, occasio …

hyperostosis, cortical, congenital
A disease of young infants characterised by soft tissue swellings over the affected bones, fever, and irritability, and marked by periods of remission and exacerbation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hyperostosis, sternocostoclavicular
A rare, benign rheumatologic disorder or syndrome characterised by hyperostosis and soft tissue ossification between the clavicles and the anterior part of the upper ribs. It is often associated with the dermatologic disorder palmoplantar pustulosis, particularly in japan. Careful diagnosis is required to distinguish it from psoriatic arthritis, os …

hyperostotic spondylosis
Synonym for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis ... A form of degenerative arthritis characteristically associated with flowing calcification along the sides of the vertebrae of the spine and commonly with inflammation (tendinitis) and calcification of the tendons at their attachments points to bone. Because areas of the spine and tendons can b …

hyperotreta
<zoology> An order of marsipobranchs, including the Myxine or hagfish and the genus Bdellostoma. They have barbels around the mouth, one tooth on the plate, and a communication between tionnasal aperture and the throat. See Hagfish. ... Alternative forms: Hyperotreti. ... Origin: NL, fr. Gr. The plate + perforated. ... Source: Websters Dictionar …

hyperovarianism
Sexual precocity in young girls due to premature development of ovaries accompanied by the secretion of ovarian hormones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyperoxaluria
A genetic disease of autosomal recessive inheritance that results in the deposition of calcium oxalate in the genitourinary system and kidneys (nephrocalcinosis). Usually evident in the first decade of life, progressive renal failure is not uncommon. ... Inheritance: autosomal recessive. ... Origin: Gr. Ouron = urine ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

hyperoxaluria, primary
Either of two genetic disorders characterised by urinary excretion of large amounts of oxalate, with nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, early onset of renal failure, and often a generalised deposit of calcium oxalate, resulting from a defect in glyoxalate metabolism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hyperoxia
An excess of oxygen in the system, resulting from exposure to high oxygen concentrations, especially to hyperbaric pressures of oxygen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hyperoxidation
Excessive oxidation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...