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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

hypoploidy
<genetics> Describes a cell or organism which has less than the normal total number of chromosomes. ... For example: humans normally have 46 chromosomes per cell - but if a human individual has 45 or fewer chromosomes per cell, then that person is hypoploid. ... Compare: hyperploidy. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypopnea
Breathing that is shallower, and/or slower, than normal. ... Synonym: oligopnea. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Pnoe, breathing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoposia
Hypodipsia, with emphasis on reduced tendency to drink rather than on the reduced sensation of thirst. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Posis, drinking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypopotassaemia
Synonym for hypokalaemia ... <biochemistry> Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood, it may result from potassium loss by renal secretion due to renal disease or drug actions or by gastrointestinal loss due to vomiting or diarrhoea. ... It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by …

hypopraxia
Deficient activity. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Praxis, action, + -ia, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoproaccelerinaemia
Abnormally low concentration of blood-clotting factor V, i.e., proaccelerin, in the circulating blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoproconvertinaemia
Abnormally low concentration of blood-clotting factor VII, i.e., proconvertin, in the circulating blood; a deficiency causes a quantitative prolongation of the prothrombin time. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoproliferative anaemia
<haematology> Anaemia which results from abnormally low levels of red blood cells and haemoglobin in the blood. It is caused because the person has too few of the stem cells which make the red blood cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hypoproteinaemia
Abnormally small amounts of total protein in the circulating blood plasma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoproteinosis
A condition, especially in children, due to a dietary deficiency of protein; characterised by anorexia, vomiting, retardation of growth, anaemia, and increased susceptibility to infections. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoprothrombinaemia
<haematology> A congenital or acquired disorder of blood clotting where there is a deficiency of factor II (prothrombin), one of 20 necessary plasma proteins for normal blood coagulation. Acquired factor II deficiency may result from vitamin K deficiency, severe liver disease and anticoagulant drugs. ... Symptoms include abnormal bleeding, nos …

hypoptilum
<ornithology> An accessory plume arising from the posterior side of the stem of the contour feathers of many birds. ... Synonym: aftershaft. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

hypoptyalism
Synonym: hyposalivation. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Ptyalon, saliva ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypopyon
The presence of leukocytes in the anterior chamber of the eye. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Pyon, pus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypopyon ulcer
An advancing central suppurative ulcer of the cornea. A corneal ulcer with pus in the anterior chamber, indolent ulcer, a chronic ulcer, with hard elevated edges and few or no granulations, and showing no tendency to heal. ... See: hypopyon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyporadius
<zoology> One of the barbs of the hypoptilum, or aftershaft of a feather. See Feather. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

hyporeflexia
<neurology, physiology> Decreased reflex response. ... Reflexes are measured as part of the normal physical examination. Reflexes tested include patellar tendon (knee), Achilles tendon, biceps tendon and triceps tendon. ... Decreased reflexes can be seen in conditions of peripheral neuropathy, Guillain-Barre and muscular dystrophy and myastheni …

hyporeninaemia
Low levels of renin in the circulating blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyporeninaemic
Denoting or characterised by hyporeninaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism
Selective aldosterone deficiency resulting from low renin production. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyporhachis
<zoology> The stem of an aftershaft or hypoptilum. ... Alternative forms: hyporachis. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

hyporiboflavinosis
A more correct term than the more commonly used ariboflavinosis (q.v., ) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposalaemia
An obsolete term meaning abnormally small amounts of various salts in the circulating blood; sometimes was used as a synonym for hypochloraemia. ... Origin: hypo-+ L. Sal, salt, + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposalivation
Reduced salivation. ... Synonym: hypoptyalism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposarca
Extreme anasarca of the subcutaneous connective tissue. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Sarx (sark-), flesh ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposcheotomy
<procedure> Incision or puncture into a hydrocele at its most dependent point. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Oscheon, scrotum, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposcleral
Beneath the sclerotic coat of the eyeball. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposensitivity
A condition of subnormal sensitivity, in which the response to a stimulus is unusually delayed or lessened in degree. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposensitization
Synonym for desensitization ... 1. The reduction or abolition of allergic sensitivity or reactions to the specific antigen (allergen). ... Synonym: ananaphylaxis, antianaphylaxis. ... 2. The act of removing an emotional complex. ... Synonym: hyposensitization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposkeocytosis
Synonym: hyponeocytosis. ... Origin: hypo-+ skaios, left, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposmia
Diminished sense of smell. ... Synonym: hyposphresia, olfactory hypesthesia. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Osme, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposmosis
A reduction in the rapidity of osmosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposmotic
Having an osmolality less than another fluid, ordinarily assumed to be plasma or extracellular fluid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposomatotropism
A state characterised by deficient secretion of pituitary growth hormone (somatotropin). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposomia
Inadequate development of the body. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Soma, body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposomniac
Pertaining to reduction in time of sleeping. ... Origin: hypo-+ L. Somnus, sleep ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypospadiac
Relating to hypospadias. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypospadias
<embryology, urology> A congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the ventral (bottom) surface of the penis rather than on the glans. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hyposphresia
Synonym: hyposmia. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Osphresis, smell ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposphyxia
Abnormally low blood pressure with sluggishness of the circulation. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Sphyxis, pulse ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposplenism
Absent or reduced splenic function, usually due to surgical removal, congenital aplasia, tumour replacement, or splenic vascular accident. Red cell abnormalities, including the presence of inclusions, nucleated erythrocytes, and target cells, are commonly present. Patients with hyposplenism are at increased risk of bacterial sepsis, especially due …

hypostasis
1. That which forms the basis of anything; underlying principle; a concept or mental entity conceived or treated as an existing being or thing. ... 2. Substance; subsistence; essence; person; personality; used by the early theologians to denote any one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. ... The Council of Alex …

hypostatic
<molecular biology> Describes a type of interaction between two genes which are not alleles of one another. One gene suppresses the expression of the other gene. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypostatic abscess
Synonym for perforating abscess ... An abscess that breaks down tissue barriers to enter adjacent areas. ... Synonym: gravitation abscess, hypostatic abscess, migrating abscess, wandering abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypostatic congestion
Congestion due to pooling of venous blood in a dependent part. ... Synonym: hypostasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypostatic ectasia
Dilation of a blood vessel, usually a vein, in a dependent portion of the body, as in varicose veins of the leg. ... Mammary duct ectasia, dilation of mammary ducts by lipid and cellular debris in older women; rupture of ducts may result in granulomatous inflammation and infiltration by plasma cells. ... See: plasma cell mastitis. ... Papillary ectasi …

hypostatic pneumonia
Pneumonia resulting from infection developing in the dependent portions of the lungs due to decreased ventilation of those areas, with resulting failure to drain bronchial secretions; occurs primarily in the aged or those debilitated by disease who lie in the same position for long periods. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypostatical
1. Relating to hypostasis, or substance; hence, constitutive, or elementary. 'The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical principles.' (Boyle) ... 2. Personal, or distinctly personal; relating to the divine hypostases, or substances. ... 3. <medicine> Depending upon, or due to, deposition or setting; as, hypostatic cog …

hyposthenia
Weakness. ... See: asthenia. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Sthenos, strength ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypostheniant
1. Weakening. ... 2. An agent that reduces strength. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposthenic
Synonym for weak ... 1. Wanting physical strength. Specifically: ... Deficient in strength of body; feeble; infirm; sickly; debilitated; enfeebled; exhausted. 'A poor, infirm, weak, and despised old man.' (Shak) 'Weak with hunger, mad with love.' (Dryden) ... Not able to sustain a great weight, pressure, or strain; as, a weak timber; a weak rope. ... N …

hyposthenuria
Secretion of urine of low specific gravity, due to inability of the tubules of the kidneys to produce a concentrated urine; also occurs following excessive water ingestion in diabetes insipidus. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Sthenos, strength, + ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypostomia
A form of microstomia in which the oral opening is a small vertical slit. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Stoma, mouth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypostosis
Deficient development of bone. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Osteon, bone, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypostypsis
A state of mild astringence. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Stypsis, astringence ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypostyptic
Mildly styptic or astringent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyposulphite
1. <chemistry> A salt of what was formerly called hyposulphurous acid; a thiosulphate. ... 2. <photography> Sodium hyposulphite, or thiosulphate, a solution of which is used as a bath to wash out the unchanged silver salts in a picture. ... (04 Mar 1998) ...

hyposulphuric
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur in a lower state of oxidation than in the sulphuric compounds; as, hyposulphuric acid. ... Hyposulphuric acid, an acid, H2S2O6, obtained by the action of manganese dioxide on sulphur dioxide, and known only in a watery solution and in its salts. ... Synonym: dithionic acid. ... See: dithionic. …

hyposulphurous
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or containing, sulphur, all, or a part, in a low state of oxidation. Hyposulphurous acid. Thiosulphuric acid. An acid, H2SO2, obtained by the reduction of sulphurous acid. It is not obtained in the free state, but in an orange-yellow water solution, which is a strong reducing and bleaching agent. ... Synonym: hydrosu …

hyposupradrenalism
Synonym for chronic adrenocortical insufficiency ... Adrenocortical insufficiency usually as the result of idiopathic atrophy or destruction of both adrenal glands by tuberculosis, an autoimmune process, or other diseases; characterised by fatigue, decreased blood pressure, weight loss, increased melanin pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes …

hyposystole
A weak or incomplete cardiac systole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypotarsus
Origin: NL. See Hypo-, and Tarsus. ... <ornithology> A process on the posterior side of the tarsometatarsus of many birds; the calcaneal process. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

hypotaurine aminotransferase
<enzyme> Converts hypotaurine to isethionate, hypothetical intermediate is sulfinoacetaldehyde ... Registry number: EC 2.6.1.- ... Synonym: 2-aminoethane sufinate aminotransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

hypotaxia
A condition of weak or imperfect coordination. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Taxis, order ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypotelorism
Abnormal closeness of eyes. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Tele, far off, + horizo, to separate, fr. Horos, boundary ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypotension
<cardiology, physiology> Abnormally low blood pressure, seen in shock but not necessarily indicative of it. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypotension, orthostatic
Some symptoms of dizziness such as wooziness, feeling about to black out, and tunnel vision can be due to insufficient blood flow to the brain. The cause is transient low blood pressure (hypotension) due usually to suddenly standing up (orthostatic). The symptoms are typically worse when standing, improve with lying down and may be experienced by h …

hypotensive
<cardiology, physiology> Characterised by or causing diminished tension or pressure, as abnormally low blood pressure. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypotensive anaesthesia
Anaesthesia in which arterial hypotension is deliberately induced as a means of decreasing operative blood loss. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothalamic
Of or involving the hypothalamus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hypothalamic amenorrhoea
Secondary amenorrhoea arising from defective hypothalamic stimulation of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothalamic area, anterior
Loose heterogeneous collection of cells in the anterior hypothalamus, continuous rostrally with the medial and lateral preoptic areas and caudally with the tuber cinereum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypothalamic area, lateral
An area in the middle hypothalamus continuous rostrally with the lateral preoptic area and caudally with the tegmentum mesencephali. It contains the tuberomammillary and lateral tuberal nuclei. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypothalamic histiocytoma
<radiology> Parasellar tumour, may not be able to differentiate from: suprasellar (optic nerve/chiasm) glioma, teratoma, kids with tumour usually have, diabetes insipidus, skeletal lesions of histiocytosis ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypothalamic hormones
Hormones isolated from the hypothalamus which exercise control over other organs, primarily the pituitary gland. Well-known members include certain pituitary hormone-releasing hormones and pituitary hormone release inhibiting hormones. Vasopressin and oxytocin which are found in the posterior pituitary may also be secreted by the hypothalamus but a …

hypothalamic infundibulum
The apical portion of the tuber cinereum extending into the stalk of the hypophysis. ... Synonym: infundibulum hypothalami. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothalamic sulcus
A groove in the lateral wall of the third ventricle on either side leading from the interventricular foramen to the aditus ad aqueductum cerebri; the sulcus-demarcated boundary between dorsal thalamus and hypothalamus. ... Synonym: sulcus hypothalamicus, Monro's sulcus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothalamo-hypophyseal system
A neuroendocrine system of neurons, fibre tracts, endocrine tissue, and blood vessels which produces and releases pituitary hormones into the systemic circulation. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypothalamocerebellar fibres
Nerve fibres originating from cells in the hypothalamus and projecting to the cerebellar cortex and nuclei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothalamohypophysial
Relating to both the hypothalamus and the hypophysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothalamohypophysial tract
Synonym for supraopticohypophysial tract ... A bundle of unmyelinated fibres originating from all cells of the supraoptic nucleus and an estimated 20% of those of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, which extend through the infundibulum and pituitary stalk to their endings in the posterior lobe of the hypophysis; the fibres convey neuro …

hypothalamus
<anatomy, endocrinology> A portion of the brain which lies beneath the thalamus and secretes substances which control metabolism by exerting an influence on pituitary gland function. ... The hypothalamus is also involved in the regulation of body temperature, water balance, blood sugar and fat metabolism. The hypothalamus also regulates other …

hypothalamus, anterior
The anterior portion of the hypothalamus containing the lateral and medial preoptic nuclei, the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus, and the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypothalamus, middle
That middle portion of the hypothalamus containing the arcuate, dorsomedial, and ventromedial nuclei, and the lateral hypothalamic area. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypothalamus, posterior
The posterior portion of the hypothalamus, consisting of the lateral and medial nuclei of the mamillary body and the posterior hypothalamic nucleus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypothecation
1. The act or contract by which property is hypothecated; a right which a creditor has in or to the property of his debtor, in virtue of which he may cause it to be sold and the price appropriated in payment of his debt. This is a right in the thing, or jus in re. 'There are but few cases, if any, in our law, where an hypothecation, in the strict s …

hypothenar eminence
The fleshy mass at the medial side of the palm. ... Synonym: eminentia hypothena'ris, antithenar, hypothenar prominence, hypothenar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothenar prominence
Synonym for hypothenar eminence ... The fleshy mass at the medial side of the palm. ... Synonym: eminentia hypothena'ris, antithenar, hypothenar prominence, hypothenar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothermal
Denoting hypothermia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothermia
<physiology> A low body temperature, as that due to exposure in cold weather or a state of low temperature of the body induced as a means of decreasing metabolism of tissues and thereby the need for oxygen, as used in various surgical procedures, especially on the heart or in an excised organ being preserved for transplantation. ... Origin: Gr …

hypothermia, induced
Abnormally low body temperature intentionally induced in warm-blooded animals by artificial means. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypothermic anaesthesia
General anaesthesia administered in conjunction with artificial lowering of body temperature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothesis
<statistics> A supposition that appears to explain a group of phenomena and is advanced as a basis for further investigation, a proposition that is subject to proof or to an experimental or statistical test. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypothetical mean organism
A hypothetical organism whose characters are the means of the positive characters of the organisms which belong to the same taxon as the HMO, as opposed to the calculated mean organism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothetical mean strain
A hypothetical strain that possesses the characteristics of a calculated mean organism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothrombinaemia
Abnormally small amounts of thrombin in the circulating blood, thereby resulting in bleeding tendency. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothromboplastinaemia
Abnormally small amounts of thromboplastin in the blood, as a result of deficient quantities being released from the tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothymia
Depression of spirits; the 'blues.' [hypo-+ G. Thymos, mind, soul ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothymic
1. Obsolete term denoting or characteristic of hypothymia. ... 2. Obsolete term pertaining to hypothymism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothymism
An obsolete term for inadequate function of the thymus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...