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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

ideal
1. Existing in idea or thought; conceptional; intellectual; mental; as, ideal knowledge. ... 2. Reaching an imaginary standard of excellence; fit for a model; faultless; as, ideal beauty. 'There will always be a wide interval between practical and ideal excellence.' (Rambler) ... 3. Existing in fancy or imagination only; visionary; unreal. 'Planning …

ideal alveolar gas
The uniform composition of gas that would exist in all alveoli for a given total respiratory exchange if all alveoli had identical ventilation-perfusion ratios and achieved perfect equilibrium with the blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ideation
The formation of ideas or thoughts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ideational
Relating to ideation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ideational apraxia
Ideatory apraxia, obsolete term for the misuse of objects due to a disturbance of identification (agnosia). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idee fixe
Synonym: fixed idea. ... Origin: Fr. Obsession ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

identical
Having the same cause or origin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

identical twins
Synonym for monozygotic twins ... Identical twins, twins which are the result of a single zygote (fertilized egg) splitting into two cell masses and becoming two individuals. The twins are genetically identical and are always of the same sex (both males or both females). ... Compare: dizygotic twins. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

identification
<psychology> An unconscious defense mechanism by which an individual endeavors to pattern himself after another person. ... This process is also important in the development of the personality, particularly the superego or conscience, which is modeled largely on the behaviour of adult significant others. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

identity
1. The state or quality of being identical, or the same; sameness. 'Identity is a relation between our cognitions of a thing, not between things themselves.' (Sir W. Hamilton) ... 2. The condition of being the same with something described or asserted, or of possessing a character claimed; as, to establish the identity of stolen goods. ... 3. <mat …

identity crisis
<psychology> Chaotic concept of self wherein one's role in life appears to be an insoluble dilemma often expressed by isolation, withdrawal, rebellion and extremism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

identity disorder
A mental disorder of childhood or adolescence in which one suffers severe distress regarding one's ability to reconcile aspects of the self into a coherent acceptable sense of self. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

identity matrix
A square matrix in which the quantities on the diagnonal from top left to bottom right are all equal to 1 and all the other entries are 0. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ideo-
Ideas; ideation Cf.: idio-. ... Origin: G. Idea, form, notion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ideokinetic
Synonym for ideomotor ... <physiology> Relating to ideomotion. Applied to those actions, or muscular movements, which are automatic expressions of dominant ideas, rather than the result of distinct volitional efforts, as the act of expressing the thoughts in speech, or in writing, while the mind is occupied in the composition of the sentence.< …

ideokinetic apraxia
Ideomotor apraxia, a form of apraxia in which simple acts are incapable of being performed, presumably because the connections between the cortical centres that control volition and the motor cortex are interrupted. ... Synonym: transcortical apraxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ideology
1. <study> The science of ideas. ... 2. <psychology> A theory of the origin of ideas which derives them exclusively from sensation. ... By a double blunder in philosophy and Greek, ideologie . . . Has in France become the name peculiarly distinctive of that philosophy of mind which exclusively derives our knowledge from sensation. ... Orig …

ideomotion
<physiology> Muscular movement executed under the influence of a dominant idea, being practically automatic and not volitional. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ideomotor
<physiology> Relating to ideomotion. Applied to those actions, or muscular movements, which are automatic expressions of dominant ideas, rather than the result of distinct volitional efforts, as the act of expressing the thoughts in speech, or in writing, while the mind is occupied in the composition of the sentence. ... Origin: Ideo- + motor. …

ideophobia
<psychology> Morbid fear of new or different ideas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ideoplastia
Rarely used term for the receptive condition in a hypnotised person in which he or she is thought to be completely open to suggestion. ... Origin: ideo-+ G. Plasso, to form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idio-
Private, distinctive, peculiar to. ... Compare: ideo-. ... Origin: G. Idios, one's own ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idioagglutinin
An agglutinin that occurs naturally in the blood of a person or an animal, without the injection of a stimulating antigen or the passive transfer of antibody. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idioblast
Plant cells containing oil, gum, calcium, or other products, and appearing to help provide mechanical support. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

idiodynamic
Independently active. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiodynamic control
Nervous impulses from the medulla that preserve the normal trophic condition of the muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiogamist
Rarely used term for one who is capable of sexual union with only one or a few individuals of the opposite sex, being impotent in the presence of any others. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Gamos, marriage ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiogenesis
Origin without evident cause; denoting especially that of an idiopathic disease. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Genesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idioglossia
<psychology> An extreme form of lalling or vowel or consonant substitution, by which the speech of a child may be made unintelligible and appear to be another language to one who does not have the key to the literal changes. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Glossa, tongue, speech ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idioglottic
Relating to idioglossia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiogram
<genetics> Diagrammatic representation of chromosome morphology characteristic of a species or population. ... Synonym: karyotype. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Gramma, something written ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiographic approach
The comprehensive study of an individual as a basis for understanding human behaviour in general. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idioheteroagglutinin
An idioagglutinin occurring in the blood of one animal, but capable of combining with the antigenic material from another species. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Heteros, another, + agglutinin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idioheterolysin
An idiolysin occurring in the blood of an animal of one species, but capable of combining with the red blood cells of another species, thereby causing haemolysis when complement is present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiohypnotism
Synonym for autohypnosis ... Self-induced hypnosis, accomplished by concentrating on self-absorbing thought or on the idea of being hypnotised. ... Synonym: autohypnotism, idiohypnotism, statuvolence. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idioisoagglutinin
An idioagglutinin occurring in the blood of an animal of a certain species, capable of agglutinating the cells from animals of the same species. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Isos, equal, + agglutinin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idioisolysin
An idiolysin occurring in the blood of an animal of a certain species, capable of combining with the red blood cells from animals of the same species, thereby causing haemolysis when complement is present. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiojunctional rhythm
Synonym for idionodal rhythm ... An independent rhythm, the ventricles being under control of the A-V node (A-V junction). ... Synonym: idiojunctional rhythm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiolalia
Use of a language invented by the person himself. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Lalia, talk ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiolysin
A lysin that occurs naturally in the blood of a person or an animal, without the injection of a stimulating antigen or the passive transfer of antibody. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiom
1. The syntactical or structural form peculiar to any language; the genius or cast of a language. 'Idiom may be employed loosely and figuratively as a synonym of language or dialect, but in its proper sense it signifies the totality of the general rules of construction which characterise the syntax of a particular language and distinguish it from o …

idiomuscular contraction
Synonym for myoedema ... A localised contraction of a degenerating muscle, occurring at the point of a sharp blow, independent of the nerve supply. ... Synonym: idiomuscular contraction, mounding, myoidema. ... Origin: myo-+ G. Oidema, swelling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idionodal
Arising from the A-V node itself; applied to the ventricular rhythm in complete S-A or A-V block, or in other forms of A-V dissociation, when the A-V node rather than an ectopic ventricular focus controls the ventricles. More accurately idiojunctional, since it is usually impossible to more accurately locate an 'A-V nodal' rhythm; the A-V node is p …

idionodal rhythm
An independent rhythm, the ventricles being under control of the A-V node (A-V junction). ... Synonym: idiojunctional rhythm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathetic
Rarely used term for idiopathic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic
Of the nature of an idiopathy, self originated, of unknown causation. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

idiopathic aldosteronism
Synonym for primary aldosteronism ... An adrenocortical disorder caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone and characterised by headaches, nocturia, polyuria, fatigue, hypertension, potassium depletion, hypokalaemic alkalosis, hypervolaemia, and decreased plasma renin activity; may be associated with small benign adrenocortical adenomas. ... Synon …

idiopathic bilateral vestibulopathy
Slowly progressive disorder affecting young to middle-aged adults, manifested as gait unsteadiness (especially when visual cues are absent) and oscillopsia, unaccompanied by vertigo and hearing loss. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic bone cavity
Synonym for solitary bone cyst ... A unilocular cyst containing serous fluid and lined with a thin layer of connective tissue, occurring usually in the shaft of a long bone in a child. ... Synonym: idiopathic bone cavity, osteocystoma, simple bone cyst, traumatic bone cyst, unicameral bone cyst. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic bradycardia
Synonym for essential bradycardia ... A slow pulse for which no cause can be discovered. ... Synonym: idiopathic bradycardia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic cardiomyopathy
Synonym for primary cardiomyopathy ... Cardiomyopathy of unknown or obscure cause. ... A disease that affects mainly the heart muscle, sparing other cardiac structures and usually resulting in fibrosis, hypertrophy, or both. ... Synonym: idiopathic cardiomyopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic disease
A disease of unknown cause or mechanism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic epilepsy
An epilepsy without evident cause; term often used to describe the genetic epilepsies. ... Synonym: generalised tonic-clonic seizure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic fibrous hyperplasia
A condition of cystic bone growth that results from abnormal bone development. May occur with bone lesions, skin pigmentation and endocrine abnormalities. ... See: McCune-Albright syndrome. ... Origin: Gr. Plassein = to form ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

idiopathic fibrous mediastinitis
Synonym for mediastinal fibrosis ... <radiology> Histoplasmosis most common cause, can cause superior vena cava obstruction ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

idiopathic fibrous retroperitonitis
Synonym for retroperitoneal fibrosis ... <radiology> Ureters tapered or obstructed, most severe at L4-5, ureters deviated medially, Treatment: symptomatic; steroids have ? long-term benefit Differential diagnosis: malignancy, lymphoma (especially Hodgkin's), metastasis from colon and breast, retroperitoneal sarcoma, drugs, methysergide (Sanser …

idiopathic gout
Acute episodes of crystal-induced synovitis due to abnormality of purine metabolism; lower than normal urinary excretion of urate leading to hyperuricaemia and acute episodes of joint inflammation. ... Synonym: primary gout. ... Interval gout, an asymptomatic phase between acute attacks of gout. ... Latent gout, hyperuricaemia without symptoms of gout …

idiopathic hirsutism
Hirsutism of uncertain origin in women, who may additionally exhibit menstrual abnormalities and infertility. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic hyperlipaemia
Synonym for type I familial hyperlipoproteinaemia ... Hyperlipoproteinaemia characterised by the presence of large amounts of chylomicrons and triglycerides in the plasma when the patient has a normal diet, and their disappearance on a fat-free diet; low alpha-and beta-lipoproteins on a normal diet, with increase on fat-free diet; decreased plasma p …

idiopathic hypertension
Synonym for essential hypertension ... Hypertension without known cause. ... Synonym: idiopathic hypertension, primary hypertension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic hypoparathyroidism
<radiology> Rare condition of unknown cause, round face; short dwarf-like; obese, mental retardation, cataracts, dry scaly skin; atrophy of nails, dental hypoplasia (delayed tooth eruption, impaction of teeth, supernumerary teeth) see: hypoparathyroidism ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

idiopathic infantilism
Dwarfism generally associated with hypogonadism; may be caused by deficient secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. ... Synonym: Lorain's disease, proportionate infantilism, universal infantilism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic interstitial fibrosis
Synonym for usual interstitial pneumonia of Liebow ... A progressive inflammatory condition starting with diffuse alveolar damage and resulting in fibrosis and honeycombing over a variable time period; also a common feature of collagen-vascular diseases. ... Synonym: fibrosing alveolitis, Hamman-Rich syndrome, idiopathic interstitial fibrosis. ... (05 …

idiopathic megacolon
An acquired megacolon, found in children and adults, without distal obstruction or absence of ganglion cells; the muscle of the dilated colon is thin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic muscular atrophy
Synonym for progressive muscular dystrophy ... A form of progressive muscular atrophy in which the disease begins in the muscle and not in the spinal centres. ... Synonym: Erb atrophy, idiopathic muscular atrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic myelofibrosis
A progressive disease of the bone marrow where neoplastic bone marrow stem cells lodge and grow in multiple sites outside the bone marrow. Typically, there is enlargement of the spleen and a gradual replacement of the bone marrow elements by fibrosis (scarring), progressive anaemia and variable changes in the number of white blood cells and platele …

idiopathic neuralgia
<symptom> Nerve pain not due to any apparent cause. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic orthostatic hypotension
<clinical sign> The tendency for blood pressure to drop for unknown reasons on assuming upright posture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic proctitis
Probably a variant of ulcerative colitis involving the rectum; some cases progress to involve the remainder of the colon as well. ... Synonym: chronic ulcerative proctitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
<radiology> Aka: usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), 5-6th decade; M:F = 1:1, clubbing of fingers (83%), lymphocytosis on lavage, increased occurence of bronchogenic CA, average survival of 4-6 years; 87% mortality CXR findings: occasional ground glass pattern in early stage of alveolitis, diffuse reticulations (60%) predominantly at bases, h …

idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
<chest medicine> A rare, sporadic, fatal, mostly in children with an equal sex distribution. ... The condition also occurs in adults where there is a sex difference (M:F = 2:1). The patients present with recurrent attacks of pulmonary haemorrhage, acute phase: bat-wing alveolar infiltrates, clears rapidly, chronic findings: haemosiderosis, pul …

idiopathic pulmonary hypertension
<chest medicine> A condition where there is increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries with otherwise normal heart and lungs. ... The cause is unknown, but there is diffuse narrowing of the pulmonary arteries resulting in increased arteriolar pressures. Secondary heart failure ensues without correction of this problem. There is an incr …

idiopathic roseola
Roseola not occurring as a symptom of a recognised general disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
<haematology> A rare autoimmune disorder characterised by an acute shortage of platelets with resultant bruising and spontaneous bleeding. ... The platelet count becomes exceedingly low and spontaneous bleeding from the gums, gastrointestinal tract and nose can be seen. Physical examination may demonstrate enlargement of the spleen. A typical …

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Synonym for idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura ... <haematology> A rare autoimmune disorder characterised by an acute shortage of platelets with resultant bruising and spontaneous bleeding. ... The platelet count becomes exceedingly low and spontaneous bleeding from the gums, gastrointestinal tract and nose can be seen. Physical examination ma …

idiopathy
Origin: Gr.; proper, peculiar +, to suffer: cf. F. Idiopathie. ... 1. A peculiar, or individual, characteristic or affection. 'All men are so full of their own fancies and idiopathies, that they scarce have the civility to interchange any words with a stranger.' (Dr. H. More) ... 2. <medicine> A morbid state or condition not preceded or occasio …

idiophrenic
Relating to, or originating in, the mind or brain alone, not reflex or secondary. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Phren, mind ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiopsychologic
Relating to ideas developed within one's own mind, independent of suggestion from without. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idioreflex
A reflex due to a stimulus or irritation originating in the organ or part in which the reflex occurs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiosome
The centrosome of a spermatid or of an oocyte. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Soma, body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiospasm
A localised spasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiosyncrasy
An abnormal susceptibility to some drug, protein or other agent which is peculiar to the individual. ... Origin: Gr. Synkrasis = mixture ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

idiosyncratic
Relating to or marked by an idiosyncrasy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiosyncratic sensitivity
A type I allergic reaction (atopic). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiot-prodigy
Synonym for idiot-savant ... A person of low general intelligence who possesses an unusual faculty in performing certain mental tasks of which most normal persons are incapable. ... Synonym: idiot-prodigy. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiot-savant
A person of low general intelligence who possesses an unusual faculty in performing certain mental tasks of which most normal persons are incapable. ... Synonym: idiot-prodigy. ... Origin: Fr. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiotroph
A commercially-grown fungi or bacterium that has suffered a mutation that renders it unable to synthesise the substances for which it has beencultured. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

idiotrophic
Capable of choosing its own food. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Trophe, food ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiotropic
Turning inward upon one's self. ... Origin: idio-+ G. Trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiotype
The antigenic specificites defined by the unique sequences (idiotopes) of the antigen combining site. Thus anti-idiotype antibodies combine with those specific sequences, may block immunological reactions and may resemble the epitope to which the first antibody reacts. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

idiotype antibody
Synonym for anti-idiotype antibody ... <immunology> An antibody directed against the antigen specific part of the sequence of an antibody or T-cell receptor and thus recognise the binding sites of other antibodies. ... In principle an anti-idiotype antibody should inhibit a specific immune response and they are important to the regulation of th …

idiotype autoantibody
Synonym for anti-idiotype autoantibody ... <immunology> An autoantibody, the specificity of which is directed against one of one's own idiotypes. ... See: anti-idiotype antibody. ... Synonym: idiotype autoantibody. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idiotypic antigenic determinant
Synonym for idiotype ... The antigenic specificites defined by the unique sequences (idiotopes) of the antigen combining site. Thus anti-idiotype antibodies combine with those specific sequences, may block immunological reactions and may resemble the epitope to which the first antibody reacts. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

idioventricular
Pertaining to or associated with the cardiac ventricles alone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idioventricular rhythm
A slow independent ventricular rhythm under control of a ventricular centre (which is, by definition, ectopic). ... Synonym: ventricular rhythm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iditol
<biochemistry> Reduction product of the hexose idose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iditol dehydrogenase
<enzyme> An alcohol oxidoreductase which catalyses the oxidation of l- or d-iditol to l- or d-sorbose in the presence of NAD. Acts also on glucitol to form fructose and on other closely related sugar alcohols. ... Chemical name: L-Iditol:NAD+ 2-oxidoreductase ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.14 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

IDL
Synonym for intermediate density lipoprotein ... Class of lipoproteins formed in degradation of very-low-density lipoproteins; about half are cleared quickly from the plasma into the liver by receptor-mediated endocytosis; the other half are degraded into low density lipoproteins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idle
1. Of no account; useless; vain; trifling; unprofitable; thoughtless; silly; barren. 'Deserts idle.' 'Every idle word that men shall speak, they shall give account thereof in the day of judgment.' (Matt. Xii. 36) 'Down their idle weapons dropped.' (Milton) 'This idle story became important.' (Macaulay) ... 2. Not called into active service; not turn …

idose
<biochemistry> One of the aldohexoses, isomeric with galactose; l-idose is epimeric with d-glucose. ... See: sugar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...