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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


immaturity
The state or quality of being unripe or not fully developed. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

immediate
1. Not separated in respect to place by anything intervening; proximate; close; as, immediate contact. 'You are the most immediate to our throne.' (Shak) ... 2. Not deferred by an interval of time; present; instant. 'Assemble we immediate council.' 'Death . . . Not yet inflicted, as he feared, By some immediate stroke.' (Milton) ... 3. Acting with no …

immediate allergy
A type I allergic reaction; so called because in a sensitised subject the reaction becomes evident usually within minutes after contact with the allergen (antigen), reaches its peak within an hour or so, then rapidly recedes. ... See: immediate reaction, anaphylaxis. ... Compare: delayed allergy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate amputation
Amputation necessitated by irreparable injury to the limb, performed within twelve hours after the injury. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate contagion
Direct contagion occurring as the result of actual contact with the sick. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate denture
A complete or partial denture constructed for insertion immediately following the removal of natural teeth. ... Synonym: immediate insertion denture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate early gene
Class of genes whose expression is low or undetectable in quiescent cells, but whose transcription is activated within minutes after extracellular stimulation such as addition of a growth factor. C fos and c myc proto-oncogenes were among the first IEG's to be identified. Many IEG's encode transcription factors and therefore have a regulatory funct …

immediate flap
Synonym for direct flap ... A flap raised completely and transferred at the same stage. ... Synonym: immediate flap. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate hypersensitivity
An exaggerated immune response mediated by antibodies, in particular IgE. ... See: allergy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate hypersensitivity reaction
An immune response mediated by antibody, usually IgE, which occurs within minutes after a second encounter with an antigen, resulting in the release of histamine and subsequent swelling and vasodilation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate insertion denture
Synonym for immediate denture ... A complete or partial denture constructed for insertion immediately following the removal of natural teeth. ... Synonym: immediate insertion denture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate percussion
The striking of the part under examination directly with the finger or a plessor, without the intervention of another finger or plessimeter. ... Synonym: direct percussion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate posttraumatic automatism
A posttraumatic state in which the patient performs automatically without immediate or later memory of that behaviour. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate posttraumatic convulsion
A convulsion beginning very soon after injury. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate reaction
Local or generalised response that begins within a few minutes to about an hour after exposure to an antigen to which the individual has been sensitised. ... See: skin test, wheal-and-erythema reaction. ... Synonym: early reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate transfusion
Synonym for direct transfusion ... Transfusion of blood from the donor to the receptor, either through a tube connecting their blood or by suturing the vessels together. ... Synonym: immediate transfusion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immediate-early proteins
Proteins that are coded by immediate-early genes, in the absence of de novo protein synthesis. The term was originally used exclusively for viral regulatory proteins that were synthesised just after viral integration into the host cell. It is also used to describe cellular proteins which are synthesised immediately after the resting cell is stimula …

immedicable
An obsolete term meaning not curable by medicinal remedies. ... Origin: L. In-neg. + medicabilis, curable ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immerse
1. To plunge into anything that surrounds or covers, especially into a fluid; to dip; to sink; to bury; to immerge. 'Deep immersed beneath its whirling wave.' (J Warton) 'More than a mile immersed within the wood.' (Dryden) ... 2. To baptize by immersion. ... 3. To engage deeply; to engross the attention of; to involve; to overhelm. 'The queen immers …

immersed
Growing under water. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

immersion
1. The act of immersing, or the state of being immersed; a sinking within a fluid; a dipping; as, the immersion of Achilles in the Styx. ... 2. Submersion in water for the purpose of Christian baptism, as, practiced by the Baptists. ... 3. The state of being overhelmed or deeply absorbed; deep engagedness. 'Too deep an immersion in the affairs of lif …

immersion bath
A therapeutic bath in which the whole person or a body part is totally immersed in the therapeutic substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immersion foot
A condition of the feet produced by prolonged exposure of the feet to water. Exposure for 48 hours or more to warm water causes tropical immersion foot or warm-water immersion foot common in vietnam where troops were exposed to prolonged or repeated wading in paddy fields or streams. Trench foot results from prolonged exposure to cold, without actu …

immersion lens
An objective (for a microscope) constructed in such a manner that the lower lens may be moved downward into direct contact with a fluid which is placed on the object being examined; by using a fluid with a refractive index closely similar to that of glass, the loss of light is minimised. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immersion liquid
<microscopy> Any liquid occupying the space between the object and microscope objective. Such a liquid is usually required by objectives of 3-mm focal length or less. For best results (i.e., resolution) the liquid should be used between the condenser and the microscope slide. Immersion objectives for transmitted light are designed for use wit …

immersion medium
<microscopy> In microscopy the medium used to immerse the specimen, the space between the objective lens and coverslip, or the condenser lens front element and the slide. For the latter purposes, cedar or synthetic oils with refractive indices and dispersions approximating the front elements of the lens are used for homogeneous immersion. Hom …

immersion objective
<microscopy> An objective in which the medium of high refractive index and is used in the object space to increase the numerical aperture and hence the resolving power of the lens. ... See: homogeneous immersion of objective. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

immersion of a lens
<physics> With nearly all high-power lenses, it is intended that the spaces between the condenser and the slide, and the specimen and the front lens of the objective be filled with an immersion liquid. Owing to the limitations imposed by the critical-angle phenomenon, numerical apertures are impossible exceeding 1.0 without immersion. In addi …

imminent abortion
Synonym for incipient abortion ... An impending abortion characterised by copious vaginal bleeding, uterine contractions, and cervical dilation. ... Synonym: imminent abortion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immiscible
Incapable of mutual solution; e.g., oil and water. ... Origin: L. Im-misceo, to mix in (in + misceo) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immittance
In audiology, a general term describing measurements made of tympanic membrane impedance, compliance, or admittance. ... Origin: L. Immitto, to send in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immobilisation
The act of rendering immovable, as by a cast or splint. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

immobilise
To render fixed or incapable of moving. ... Origin: L. In-neg. + mobilis, movable ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immobilised cell bioreactors
Bioreactors in which the cells grown are immobilised onto some sort of support material. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

immobilised cell biosensor
Biosensors that use living cells as an essential part of their detector system. The immobilised cell does the sensing and produces a very weak signal of some sort, which is detected and amplified into a signal the user can read. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

immobilised enzyme
<biochemistry> An enzyme attached to a solid support over which substrate is passed and is converted into product. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

immobilization
The act of rendering whole or part of the body immobile, whether accidental or deliberate. This also refers to the state of immobility. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

immobilizing antibody
Synonym for treponema-immobilizing antibody ... Antibody, evoked during syphilitic infections, possessing specific affinity for Treponema pallidum, and which in the presence of complement immobilises the organism. ... Synonym: immobilizing antibody, treponemal antibody. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immortalisation
<cell biology> The ability of a genetically engineered cell line to reproduce indefinitely ... The cells escape from the normal limitation on growth of a finite number of division cycles (the Hayflick limit), by variants in animal cell cultures and cells in some tumours. ... Immortalisation in culture may be spontaneous, as happens particularly …

immortalising oncogene
<molecular biology> A gene that upon transfectionenables a primary cell to grow indefinitely in culture. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

immortalization
Synonym for immortalisation ... <cell biology> The ability of a genetically engineered cell line to reproduce indefinitely ... The cells escape from the normal limitation on growth of a finite number of division cycles (the Hayflick limit), by variants in animal cell cultures and cells in some tumours. ... Immortalisation in culture may be spont …

immotile cilia syndrome
<syndrome> Congenital defect in dynein (either absent or inactive) that leads to male sterility and poor bronchial function. Interestingly, nonciliated cells show altered locomotion and 50% of patients have Kartagener's syndrome. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

immovable
1. That which can not be moved. ... 2. Lands and things adherent thereto by nature, as trees; by the hand of man, as buildings and their accessories; by their destination, as seeds, plants, manure, etc.; or by the objects to which they are applied, as servitudes. ... 1. Incapable of being moved; firmly fixed; fast; used of material things; as, an imm …

immovable bandage
A bandage of cloth impregnated with plaster of Paris, liquid glass, or the like, which hardens soon after its application. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immovable joint
Synonym for fibrous joint ... A union of two bones by fibrous tissue such that there is no joint cavity and almost no motion possible; the types of fibrous joints are sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses. ... Synonym: articulatio fibrosa, immovable joint, junctura fibrosa, synarthrodia, synarthrodial joint. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immozymase
<enzyme> Immobilised, proteolytic enzyme; used in wound healing; no other info avail 3/92 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.99.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

immune
<immunology> Protected against, infectious disease by either specific or non-specific mechanisms. ... Origin: L. Immunis = free, exempt ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

immune adherence
The binding of antigen-antibody complexes or cells coated with antibodies or complement to cells bearing the appropriate complement or Fc receptors. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune adherence phenomenon
Synonym for adhesion phenomenon ... A phenomenon manifested by the adherence of antigen-antibody-complement complex to 'indicator cells' (microorganisms, platelets, leukocytes, or erythrocytes), the reaction being sensitive and specific for the antigen and antibody in the complex. ... Synonym: erythrocyte adherence phenomenon, immune adherence phenom …

immune adherence reaction
A method for the detection of very small quantities of antibody in which the antigen-antibody-complement complex adheres to indicator cells, usually primate erythrocytes or nonprimate blood platelets. The reaction is dependent on the number of bound c3 molecules on the c3b receptor sites of the indicator cell. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

immune adhesion test
Synonym for adhesion test ... The diagnostic application of the immune adhesion phenomenon. ... Synonym: erythrocyte adherence test, immune adhesion test, red cell adherence test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune adsorption
Removal of antibody (agglutinin or precipitin) from antiserum by use of specific antigen; after aggregation has occurred, the antigen-antibody complex is separated either by centrifugation or by filtration, removal of antigen by specific antiserum in a similar manner. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune agglutination
Agglutination caused by antibody (agglutinin) that is specific for the suspended microorganism, cell, or for an antigen that has been coated on a particle of suitable size. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune agglutinin
Synonym for agglutinin ... 1. An antibody that causes clumping or agglutination of the bacteria or other cells which either stimulated the formation of the agglutinin, or contain immunologically similar, reactive antigen. ... Synonym: agglutinating antibody, immune agglutinin. ... 2. A substance, other than a specific agglutinating antibody, that caus …

immune complex
<immunology> Multimolecular antibody antigen complexes that may be soluble or insoluble depending upon their size and whether or not complement is present. ... Immune complexes can be filtered from plasma in the kidney and the deposition of the complexes gives rise to glomerulonephritis probably because of the trapping of neutrophils via their …

immune complex disease
An immunologic category of diseases evoked by the deposition of antigen-antibody or antigen-antibody-complement complexes on cell surfaces, with subsequent involvement of breakdown products of complement, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and development of vasculitis; nephritis is common. Arthus phenomenon and serum sickness are classic …

immune complex diseases
Diseases characterised by the presence of immune complexes in body fluids. Hypersensitivity of the Arthus type and serum sickness are examples. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

immune complex disorder
Synonym for immune complex disease ... An immunologic category of diseases evoked by the deposition of antigen-antibody or antigen-antibody-complement complexes on cell surfaces, with subsequent involvement of breakdown products of complement, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and development of vasculitis; nephritis is common. Arthus phe …

immune complex glomerulonephritis
Immune complexes are deposited in the renal glomerulus where they bind complement and initiate an inflammatory process attracting neutrophils and macrophages resulting in an alteration of the basement layer of the kidney. The disease state can lead to ultimate destruction of the glomerulus and renal failure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune complex nephritis
An immune complex disease resulting from glomerular deposits, as in systemic lupus erythematosus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune deficiency
Impaired ability of the bodys defence mechanisms to combat infections by bacteria, viruses and fungi. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

immune deficiency diseases
Those diseases in which immune reactions are suppressed or reduced. Reasons may include congenital absence of B and/or T lymphocytes or viral killing of helper lymphocytes (see HIV). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

immune deviation
Modification of an immune response to an antigen after prior exposure to that antigen. ... Synonym: split tolerance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune electron microscopy
Electron microscopy of biological specimens to which specific antibody has been bound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune haemolysin
A sensitizing, complement-fixing, haemolytic antibody formed in an animal as the result of parenteral administration of red blood cells or whole blood from another species; immune haemolysin may also be formed in human beings who are transfused with human blood that is antigenic in the recipient, e.g., the formation of anti-Rh antibody in an Rh-neg …

immune haemolysis
Haemolysis caused by complement when erythrocytes have been sensitised by specific complement-fixing antibody. ... Synonym: conditioned haemolysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune inflammation
See: allergic reaction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune interferon
Synonym for interferon-gamma ... <cytokine> Interferon elaborated by T lymphocytes in response to either specific antigen or mitogenic stimulation. ... This type II interferon can be produced by recombinant DNA technology and is similar to the interferon secreted by lymphocytes and has antiviral and antineoplastic activity. ... Synonym: antigen …

immune opsonin
specific opsonin ...

immune paralysis
The induction of tolerance in mice due to injection of large amounts of polysaccharide. The polysaccharide is poorly metabolised and the paralysis remains only during the persistence of the above. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune precipitation
Synonym for immunoprecipitation ... <immunology> The precipitation of a multivalent antigen by a bivalent antibody, resulting in the formation of a large complex. The antibody and antigen must be soluble. Precipitation usually occurs when there is near equivalence between antibody and antigen concentrations. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

immune protein
Synonym for antibody ... An immunoglobulin molecule that has a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which it interacts only with the antigen that induced its synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells) or with antigen closely related to it. Antibodies are classified according to their ode of action as agglutinins, bacter …

immune reaction
Antigen-antibody reaction indicating a certain degree of resistance, usually in reference to the 36-to 48-hour reaction in vaccination against smallpox; because the degree of resistance indicated by the reaction is not true immunity and may disappear relatively rapidly there is a tendency to refer to the immune reaction as an allergic reaction. ... …

immune response
<immunology> Alteration in the reactivity of an organisms immune system in response to an antigen, in vertebrates, this may involve antibody production, induction of cell-mediated immunity, complement activation or development of immunological tolerance. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

immune response genes
Gene's in the HLA-D region of the histocompatibility complex of human chromosome 6 which control the immune response to specific antigens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune sera
Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunised either by antigen injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

immune serum
Blood serum containing antibodies. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

immune serum globulin
A sterile solution of globulin's that contains many antibodies normally present in adult human blood; a passive immunizing agent frequently used for prophylaxis against hepatitis A. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune suppression
Suppression of the immune response by some compound or agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune surveillance
Synonym for immunological surveillance ... <immunology> The hypothesis that lymphocyte traffic ensures that all or nearly all parts of the vertebrate body are surveyed by visiting lymphocytes in order to detect any altered self material, for example mutant cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

immune system
<immunology> The body system, made up of many organs and cells, that defends the body against infection, disease and foreign substances. The immune system is often stimulated in specific ways to fight cancer cells. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

immune thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia associated with antiplatelet antibodies. ... See: isoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia, autoimmune neonatal thrombocytopenia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immune thrombocytopenic purpura
<haematology> A low number of platelets in the blood, which is common in people with HIV, but often resolves as immune deficiency worsens. HIV-related ITP usually does not have serious consequences. Its cause has not been definitely determined. Treatment with AZT frequently alleviates the condition. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

immune tolerance
The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (foetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, …

immune-response gene
<molecular biology> Any of several genes of the major histocompatibility complex that control the immune response of lymphocytes to specific antigens. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

immunifacient
Making immune after a specific disease. ... Origin: L. Immunis, exempt, + faciens, making, pr. Part. Of facio ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immunisation
<immunology> A process that increases an organisms reaction to antigen and therefore improves its ability to resist or overcome infection. ... <technique> A technique used to induce immune resistance to a specific disease in humans (or other mammals) by exposing the individual to an antigen in order to raise antibodies to that antigen.
immunisation therapy
<immunology> Medical treatment with antiserum and antigenic substances such as vaccines. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

immunise
To render immune. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

immunity
<immunology> The condition of being immune, the protection against infectious disease conferred either by the immune response generated by immunisation or previous infection or by other nonimmunologic factors. ... Origin: L. Immunitas ... (13 Oct 1997) ...

immunity deficiency
Synonym for immunodeficiency ... Inabillity to mount a normal immune response. Immunodeficiency can be due to a genetic disease or acquired as in aids due to HIV. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

immunity, active
Resistance to a disease agent resulting from the production of specific antibodies by the host, either after exposure to the disease or after vaccination. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

immunity, cellular
Those manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitised T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

immunity, maternally-acquired
Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the foetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

immunity, mucosal
Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IgA, secretory) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body. ... (12 Dec 1998)
immunity, natural
The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from non-specific mechanisms such as genetic endowment, naturally occurring antiviral and bactericidal substances, phagocytosis, and constitutional factors such as body temperature, oxygen tension, and age. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

immunization
Synonym for immunisation ... <immunology> A process that increases an organisms reaction to antigen and therefore improves its ability to resist or overcome infection. ... <technique> A technique used to induce immune resistance to a specific disease in humans (or other mammals) by exposing the individual to an antigen in order to raise a …

immunization program
Organised services to administer immunization procedures in the prevention of various diseases. The programs are made available over a wide range of sites: schools, hospitals, public health agencies, voluntary health agencies, etc. They are administered to an equally wide range of population groups or on various administrative levels: community, mu …

immunization schedule
Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

immunization, anthrax
A series of six shots over six months and booster shots annually, the anthrax vaccine now in use in the usa was first developed in the 1950s and approved by the food and drug administration for general use in 1970. It is produced by the michigan biologic products institute of michigan's department of health and is given routinely to veterinarians a …