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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

idoxuridine
<drug> Analogue of thymidine that inhibits the replication of DNA viruses. Used in the treatment of Herpes simplex and varicella zoster. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

IDP
Synonym for inosine 5'-diphosphate ... Inosine esterified at its 5' position with diphosphoric acid. ... Acronym: IDP ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

idrosis
Synonym: hidrosis. ... Origin: G. Hidros, sweat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

IDU
Synonym for idoxuridine ... <drug> Analogue of thymidine that inhibits the replication of DNA viruses. Used in the treatment of Herpes simplex and varicella zoster. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

iduronate
The salt or ester of iduronic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

iduronate sulfatase
<enzyme> An enzyme that specifically cleaves the ester sulfate of iduronic acid, and is required for the desulfation of 2-sulfate iduronate residues in heparan sulfate. It is also required in dermatan sulfate degradation. ... Its deficiency has been demonstrated in Hunter's syndrome, which is characterised by an excess of dermatan sulfate and …

iduronic acid
<chemical> Component of dermatan sulfate. Differs in configuration from glucuronic acid only at the c-5 position. ... Chemical name: Iduronic acid ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

iduronidase
<enzyme> An enzyme that hydrolyzes iduronosidic linkages in desulfated dermatan. Deficiency of this enzyme produces hurler's syndrome. ... Chemical name: Glycosaminoglycan alpha-L-iduronohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.2.1.76 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

IEP
<abbreviation> Isoelectric point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

IF
<abbreviation> Initiation factor; intrinsic factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

IFN
<abbreviation> Interferon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

IFN-a
<abbreviation> Interferon-alpha. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

IFN-b
<abbreviation> Interferon-beta. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

IFN-g
<abbreviation> Interferon-gamma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ifosfamide
<chemical> 3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-(2-chloroethylamino)tetrahydro-2h-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine 2-oxide. Positional isomer of cyclophosphamide which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent. ... Pharmacological action: antineoplastic agent, alkylating, immunosuppressive agents. ... Chemical name: 2H-1,3,2-Oxazaphosphorin-2-amine, …

Ig
<abbreviation> Immunoglobulin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

IgA
Synonym for immunoglobulin A ... <immunology> Major class of immunoglobulin of external secretions in mammals, also found in serum and body fluids such as tears and saliva and in the respiratory, reproductive, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. ... Immunoglobulin A protects the bodys mucosal surfaces from infection and in secretions, it is fo …

IgA deficiency
A dysgammaglobulinaemia characterised by a deficiency of IgA. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

IgA nephropathy
<nephrology, pathology> This is a form of glomerulonephritis that results from the deposition of circulating IgA antibody in the kidney tissues. ... Inflammation of the glomerulus (glomerulonephritis) is the result. This condition may present as acute glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis or rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. ... …

IgA-specific serine endopeptidase
<enzyme> Extracellular microbial enzymes whose only substrate is human IgA of the iga1 subclass; cleave the immunoglobulin at a specific internal prolyl-threonyl peptide bond in the heavy chain to yield intact faba and fca fragments; consider also EC 3.4.24.13 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.21.72 ... Synonym: immunoglobulin a(1) protease, iga1 pro …

IgA, secretory
The principle ig found in exocrine secretions such as milk, respiratory and intestinal mucin, saliva and tears. It is composed of two to four molecules of 7s IgA and one molecule each of j chain and secretory component (sc), also called secretory piece. Molecular weight appr. 400,000. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

IgD
Synonym for immunoglobulin D ... <immunology> This immunoglobulin (184 kD) is present at a low level (3-400 mcg/ml) but is a major immunoglobulin on the surface of B lymphocytes where it may play a role in antigen recognition. ... Its structure resembles that of immunoglobulin G but the heavy chains are of the delta type. ... (30 Mar 1998) ...

IgE
Synonym for immunoglobulin E ... <immunology> Class of immunoglobulin (188 kD) associated with immediate type hypersensitivity reactions and helminth infections. ... Present in very low amounts in serum and mostly bound to mast cells and basophils that have an immunoglobulin E specific Fc receptor (FceR). Immunoglobulin E has a high carbohydrat …

IGF
Synonym for insulin like growth factor ... <growth factor> Insulin like growth factors I and II are polypeptides with considerable sequence similarity to insulin. ... They are capable of eliciting the same biological responses, including mitogenesis in cell culture. On the cell surface, there are two types of insulin like growth factor receptor …

IGFBP-2 protease
<enzyme> Igfbp - insulin-like growth factor binding protein; decreases the extracellular levels of igfbp-2 which allows more free igf to interact with its receptors and promote airway smooth muscle cell proliferation; its chemical nature has not been identified 9/95 ... Registry number: EC 3.4.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

IgG
Synonym for immunoglobulin G ... <immunology> The classical immunoglobulin class also called 7S IgG (150 kD). ... Composed of two identical light and two identical heavy chains, the constant region sequence of the heavy chains being of the type. The molecule can be described in another way as being composed of two Fab and an Fc fragment. ... The …

IgG deficiency
A dysgammaglobulinaemia characterised by a deficiency of IgG. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

IGG-horseradish peroxidase
<chemical> ... Synonym: IgG-hrp ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

IgM
Synonym for immunoglobulin M ... <immunology> An immunoglobulin M molecule (970 kD) is built up from five immunoglobulin G type monomers joined together, with the assistance of J chains, to form a cyclic pentamer. ... Immunoglobulin M binds complement and a single molecule bound to a cell surface can lyse that cell. Immunoglobulin M is usually …

IgM antibody capture ELISA
Developed to impart significant improvement in assay specificity to indirect ELISA procedures for IgM isotype antibodies. Solid-phase support (usually microtitre plate wells) are coated with anti-human IgM antibodies capable of binding all IgM isotype antibodies present in the specimen. Reagent antigen is then added, followed by enzyme-labelled ant …

IgM nephropathy
Synonym for mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis ... <nephrology, pathology> Inflammation of the kidney glomerulus (blood filtering portion of the kidney) due to the abnormal deposition of IgM antibody in the mesangium layer of the glomerular capillary. A form of glomerulonephritis that appears to be caused by an abnormal immune response …

ignatia
The dried ripe seed of Strychnos ignatii (family Loganiaceae). It is similar in its properties to nux vomica and is a source of strychnine. ... Origin: St. Ignatius ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ignipedites
Burning pain in the soles of the feet, in multiple neuritis. ... Synonym: hotfoot. ... Origin: L. Ignis, fire, + pes (ped-), foot, + G. Ites ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ignipuncture
The original procedure of closing a retinal break in retinal separation by transfixation of the break with cautery. ... Origin: L. Ignis, fire, + puncture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ignition
<radiobiology> In fusion, as in an ordinary (chemical) fire, ignition is the point where the temperature and confinement of heat in the fuel (plasma in the case of fusion) are such that energy released from ongoing reactions is sufficient to maintain the temperature of the system, and no external heating is needed. An ignited fusion plasma pr …

ignition temperature
<radiobiology> For given values of density and energy confinement, the temperature at which ignition occurs. (see ignition above) ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

ignoble
1. Of low birth or family; not noble; not illustrious; plebeian; common; humble. 'I was not ignoble of descent.' (Shak) 'Her royal stock graft with ignoble plants.' (Shak) ... 2. Not honorable, elevated, or generous; base. ''T but a base, ignoble mind, That mounts no higher than a bird can soar.' (Shak) 'Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife.' …

ignorance
1. The condition of being ignorant; the want of knowledge in general, or in relation to a particular subject; the state of being uneducated or uninformed. 'Ignorance is the curse of God, Knowledge the wing wherewith we fly to heaven.' (Shak) ... 2. A willful neglect or refusal to acquire knowledge which one may acquire and it is his duty to have. In …

ignotine
Synonym for carnosine ... <biochemistry> Dipeptide found at millimolar concentration in vertebrate muscle. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

iguana
<zoology> Any species of the genus Iguana, a genus of large American lizards of the family Iguanidae. They are arboreal in their habits, usually green in colour, and feed chiefly upon fruits. ... The common iguana (I. Tuberculata) of the West Indies and South America is sometimes five feet long. Its flesh is highly prized as food. The horned i …

iguanas
Large herbivorous tropical american lizards. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

iguanodon
<paleontology> A genus of gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having a birdlike pelvis and large hind legs with three-toed feet capable of supporting the entire body. Its teeth resemble those of the iguana, whence its name. Several species are known, mostly from the Wealden of England and Europe. ... Origin: Iguana + Gr, a tooth. ... Source: Webster …

IgX
An immunoglobulin class found in Amphibia. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

IH
<abbreviation> Infectious hepatitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

IHSS
<radiology> Idiopathic hypertrophic sub-aortic stenosis, asymmetrical septal hypertrophy (ASH), systolic anterior motion (SAM) of mitral apparatus, familial (65%), sporadic (35%) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

IICP
Increased intra cranial pressure. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

IJP
<abbreviation> Inhibitory junction potential. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ikota
A neurosis, similar to latah, affecting married women among the Samoyeds of Siberia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

IL-1
Synonym for interleukin-1 ... <cytokine> A soluble protein (17 kD: 152 amino acids) secreted by monocytes, macrophages or accessory cells involved in the activation of both T-lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and potentiates their response to antigens or mitogens. ... Its biological effects include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for …

IL-10
Synonym for interleukin-10 ... <cytokine> A factor produced by Th2 helper T-cells, some B-cells and LPS activated monocytes. ... It is a coregulator of mast cell growth. It is produced by T-cells and B-cells and shows extensive homology with the Epstein-Barr virus bcrfi gene. ... Chemical name: Cytokine formation-inhibiting factor (mouse clone F …

IL-11
Synonym for interleukin-11 ... <cytokine> Pleiotropic cytokine originally isolated from primate bone marrow stromal cell line that has the ability to modulate antigen-specific antibody responses, potentiate megakaryocytes, and regulate bone marrow adipogenesis. ... Stimulates T-cell dependent B-cell maturation, megakaryopoiesis, various stages …

IL-12
Synonym for interleukin-12 ... <cytokine> A 75 kD heterodimeric cytokine composed of disulfide-bonded 40 kD and 35 kD subunits that was originally identified by its ability to induce cytotoxic effector cells in synergy with less than optimal concentrations of interleukin-2. ... It is released by macrophages in response to infection and promotes …

IL-13
Synonym for interleukin-13 ... <cytokine> A T-lymphocyte-derived cytokine that produces proliferation, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and immunoglobulin production by immature B-lymphocytes. ... It appears to play a role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses and has anti-inflammatory activity. ... Produced by activated T-cells, inhi …

IL-14
Synonym for interleukin-14 ... Cytokine that induces B-cell proliferation, inhibits immunoglobulin secretion, and selectively expands certain B-cell subpopulations. ... Acronym: IL-14 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

IL-15
Synonym for interleukin-15 ... Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and shares biological activities with il-2. Il-15 also can induce b-lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. ... Acronym: IL-15 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

IL-16
Synonym for interleukin-16 ... Cytokine produced by activated T-lymphocytes that stimulates the migration of CD4-positive lymphocytes and monocytes. It has been reported to suppress HIV replication. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

IL-2
Synonym for interleukin-2 ... <cytokine> A hormone-like substance released by stimulated T lymphocytes, causes activation and differentiation of other T lymphocytes independently of antigen. ... A type of interleukin, a chemical messenger, a substance that can improve the body's response to disease. It stimulates the growth of certain disease-f …

IL-3
Synonym for interleukin-3 ... <cytokine> Product of mitogen activated T-cells: colony-stimulating factor for bone marrow stem cells and mast cells. ... A multilineage cell growth factor secreted by lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and astrocytes which stimulates clonal proliferation and differentiation of various types of blood and tissue cells. …

IL-4
Synonym for interleukin-4 ... <cytokine> A soluble cytokine factor produced by activated T-lymphocytes that promotes antibody production by causing proliferation and differentiation of B-cells. ... Interleukin-4 induces the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex and fc receptors on B-cells. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, mast c …

IL-5
Synonym for interleukin-5 ... <cytokine> A factor promoting eosinophil differentiation and activation in haematopoiesis. It also triggers activated B-cells for a terminal differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. ... Acronym: IL-5 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

IL-6
Synonym for interleukin-6 ... <cytokine> A cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of human B-cells and is also a growth factor for hybridomas and plasmacytomas. ... It is produced by many different cells including T-cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts. A single chain 25 kD cytokine originally described as a pre B-cell growth fact …

IL-7
<abbreviation> Interleukin-7. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

IL-8
Synonym for interleukin-8 ... <cytokine> A cytokine that activates neutrophils and attracts neutrophils and T-lymphocytes. ... It is released by several cell types including monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes by an inflammatory stimulus. Il-8 is a member of the beta-thromboglobulin superfami …

IL-9
Synonym for interleukin-9 ... <cytokine> Cytokine produced by T-cells, particularly when mitogen stimulated, that stimulates the proliferation of erythroid precursor cells (BFU E). ... It is thought to be a regulator of haematopoiesis and may act synergistically with erythropoietin. Receptor belongs to haemopoietic receptor super family. It has …

ILA
<abbreviation> Insulin-like activity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ilarvirus
<virology> A genus of the family bromoviridae which infects mainly woody plants. Species are divided into ten subgroups. Tobacco streak virus is the type species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ileac
<anatomy> Pertaining to the ileum. ... See: ileum, ileus. ... Alternative forms: iliac. ... (11 Mar 1998) ...

ileadelphus
Synonym for duplicitas posterior ... Conjoined twins in which the heads and upper parts of the bodies have become fused, leaving the buttocks and legs separate. ... See: conjoined twins. ... See: dipygus. ... Synonym: anadidymus, ileadelphus, iliadelphus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileal
Of or pertaining to the ileum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileal arteries
Origin, superior mesenteric; distribution, ileum; anastomoses, other branches of superior mesenteric. ... Synonym: arteriae ileales. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileal bladder
Synonym for ileal conduit ... An isolated segment of ileum serving as a replacement for another tubular organ; specifically, the use as a urinary conduit into which ureters can be implanted following total cystectomy or other loss of normal bladder function requiring supravesical diversion. ... Synonym: ileal bladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileal conduit
An isolated segment of ileum serving as a replacement for another tubular organ; specifically, the use as a urinary conduit into which ureters can be implanted following total cystectomy or other loss of normal bladder function requiring supravesical diversion. ... Synonym: ileal bladder. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileal diseases
Diseases of the ileum including the ileocaecal valve. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ileal intussusception
Intussusception in which one portion of the ileum is ensheathed in another portion of the same division of the bowel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileal neoplasms
Neoplasms of the ileum including the ileocaecal valve. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

ileal sphincter
A thickening of circular musculature at the free margin of the ileal papilla. ... Synonym: ileocaecocolic sphincter, marginal sphincter, operculum ilei, Varolius' sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileal veins
See: jejunal and ileal veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileectomy
<procedure> Removal of the ileum. ... Origin: ileum + G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileitis
<pathology> Inflammation of the ileum. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

ileitis, terminal
Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine involving only the end of the small intestine (the terminal ileum). Crohn's disease affects primarily the small and large intestines but which can occur anywhere in the digestive system between the mouth and the anus. Named after burrill crohn who described the disease in 1932. The di …

ileo-
The ileum; bottom of the small intestine. ... Origin: New L. Ileum, groin ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileoanal pouch
A pouch constructed from the ileum and anastomosed to the proximal anus for restoration of normal continence after proctocolectomy. ... Kock pouch, a continent ileostomy with a reservoir and valved opening fashioned from doubled loops of ileum. ... Synonym: Kock ileostomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocaecal
<anatomy> Pertaining to the ileum and caecum. ... See: ileocolic. ... (11 Mar 1998) ...

ileocaecal eminence
Synonym for ileocaecal valve ... The bilabial prominence of the terminal ileum into the large intestine at the caecocolic junction as seen in cadavers; in the living individual it appears as a truncated cone with a star-shaped orifice. ... Synonym: valva ileocaecalis, Bauhin's valve, ileocaecal eminence, ileocolic valve, Tulp's valve, Tulpius' valve, …

ileocaecal fold
A fold of peritoneum bounding the ileocaecal or ileoappendicular fossa. ... Synonym: plica ileocaecalis, Treves' fold. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocaecal intussusception
Intussusception in which the lower segment of the ileum passes through the valve of the colon into the caecum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocaecal junction
Point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the caecal portion of the large intestine; occurs usually within the iliac fossa, demarcated internally as the ileocaecal orifice. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocaecal opening
Synonym for ileocaecal orifice ... The opening of the terminal ileum into the large intestine at the transition between the caecum and the ascending colon. ... Synonym: ostium ileocaecale, ileocaecal opening. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocaecal orifice
The opening of the terminal ileum into the large intestine at the transition between the caecum and the ascending colon. ... Synonym: ostium ileocaecale, ileocaecal opening. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocaecal valve
The bilabial prominence of the terminal ileum into the large intestine at the caecocolic junction as seen in cadavers; in the living individual it appears as a truncated cone with a star-shaped orifice. ... Synonym: valva ileocaecalis, Bauhin's valve, ileocaecal eminence, ileocolic valve, Tulp's valve, Tulpius' valve, valve of Varolius. ... (05 Mar 2 …

ileocaecocolic sphincter
Synonym for ileal sphincter ... A thickening of circular musculature at the free margin of the ileal papilla. ... Synonym: ileocaecocolic sphincter, marginal sphincter, operculum ilei, Varolius' sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocaecocystoplasty
Bladder reconstruction and augmentation with a piece of ileocaecum. ... Origin: ileo-+ caeco-+ G. Kystis, bladder, + plastos, formed ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocaecostomy
<procedure> Anastomosis of the ileum to the caecum. ... Synonym: caecoileostomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocaecum
The combined ileum and caecum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocolic artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, superior mesenteric, often by a common trunk with the right colic; distribution, terminal part of ileum, caecum, vermiform appendix, and ascending colon; anastomoses, right colic and ileal. ... Synonym: arteria ileocolica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocolic intussusception
Intussusception in which the lower portion of the ileum with the valve of the caecum passes into the ascending colon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocolic lymph nodes
Nodes located along the ileocolic artery that drain lymph from the ascending colon to the superior mesenteric nodes. ... Synonym: nodi lymphatici ileocolici. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocolic valve
Synonym for ileocaecal valve ... The bilabial prominence of the terminal ileum into the large intestine at the caecocolic junction as seen in cadavers; in the living individual it appears as a truncated cone with a star-shaped orifice. ... Synonym: valva ileocaecalis, Bauhin's valve, ileocaecal eminence, ileocolic valve, Tulp's valve, Tulpius' valve, …

ileocolic vein
<anatomy, vein> A large tributary of the superior mesenteric vein that runs parallel to the ileocolic artery and drains the terminal ileum, appendix, caecum, and the lower part of the ascending colon. ... Synonym: vena ileocolica. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ileocolitis
Inflammation to a varying extent of the mucous membrane of both ileum and colon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...