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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


hypokinetic dysarthria
Dysarthria caused by the rigid types of extrapyramidal disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypolepidoma
<tumour> A neoplasm resulting from abnormal proliferation of one of the tissues derived from the hypoblast. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Lepis, rind, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoleukaemia
Synonym for subleukaemic leukaemia ... A form of leukaemia in which abnormal cells are present in the peripheral blood, but the total leukocyte count is not elevated. ... Synonym: hypoleukaemia, leukopenic myelosis, subleukaemic myelosis, subleukaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoleydigism
Subnormal secretion of androgens by the interstitial (Leydig's) cells of the testes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypolimnion
<marine biology> Lowermost, noncirculating layer of cold water in a thermally stratified lake, usually deficient in oxygen. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypolipoproteinaemia
The presence of abnormally low levels of lipoproteins in the serum. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypoliposis
Presence of an abnormally small amount of fat in the tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypologia
Lack of ability for speech. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Logos, word ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypolymphemia
Abnormally small numbers of lymphocytes in the circulating blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomagnesaemia
<biochemistry> An abnormally low serum magnesium level. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypomania
<psychiatry> An abnormality of mood resembling mania (persistent elevated or expansive mood, hyperactivity, inflated self esteem, etc.) but of lesser intensity. ... Origin: Gr. Mania = madness ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypomastia
Atrophy or congenital smallness of the breasts. ... Synonym: hypomazia. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Mastos, breast ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomazia
Synonym for hypomastia ... Atrophy or congenital smallness of the breasts. ... Synonym: hypomazia. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Mastos, breast ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomelancholia
A mild degree of mental depression. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomelanosis
Synonym: leukoderma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomelanosis of Ito
Synonym for incontinentia pigmenti achromians ... Inherited hypopigmented macules in a 'marble-cake' pattern, variably associated with epidermal nevi, alopecia, and ocular, skeletal, and neural abnormalities. ... Synonym: hypomelanosis of Ito. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomelia
General term for hypoplasia of some or all parts of one or more limbs. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Melos, limb ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomenorrhoea
<gynaecology> A medical condition where the monthly menstruation period is abnormally short or where blood flow during menstruation is abnormally low. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypomere
1. The portion of the myotome that extends ventrolaterally to form body-wall muscle, innervated by the primary ventral ramus of a spinal nerve. ... See: hypaxial. ... 2. Less commonly, the somatic and splanchnic layers of the lateral mesoderm which give rise to the lining of the celom. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Meros, part ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypometabolic state
A rare state of reduced metabolism with symptoms resembling hypothyroidism but with some tests for thyroid gland function normal; also used to describe the reduced metabolic activity seen in true hypothyroidism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypometabolic syndrome
<syndrome> A clinical situation suggesting hypothyroidism or myxoedema, in which some tests of thyroid function may be normal and the gland is not obviously atrophic or diseased; indicative of a lack of sensitivity of peripheral tissues to thyroid hormone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypometabolism
Reduced metabolism. ... See: hypometabolic state. ... Euthyroid hypometabolism, an unusual condition resembling myxoedema but with an apparently normal thyroid gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypometria
Ataxia characterised by underreaching an object or goal; seen with cerebellar disease. ... Compare: hypermetria. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Metron, measure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomnesia
Impaired memory. ... Compare: hypermnesia. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Mneme, memory ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomorph
1. A person whose standing height is short in proportion to the sitting height, owing to shortness of the limbs. ... Compare: hypermorph, endomorph. ... 2. A mutant gene that causes a partial decrease in the activity controlled by the gene. ... Compare: hypermorph. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Morphe, form ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomotility
Synonym for hypokinesis ... Hypokinesia ... Diminished or slow movement. ... Synonym: hypocinesis, hypocinesia, hypomotility. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Kinesis, movement ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomyelination
Hypomyelinogenesis ... Defective formation of myelin in the spinal cord and brain; the basis for a number of demyelinating diseases. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomyotonia
A condition of diminished muscular tonus. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Mys (myo-) muscle, + tonos, tension ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypomyxia
A condition in which the secretion of mucus is diminished. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Myxa, mucus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyponatraemia
<biochemistry> Abnormal decrease in blood sodium concentration. ... Normal blood sodium should be 136 to 142 milliequivalents per litre. Hyponatraemia can occur secondary to inadequate salt intake, excessive sweating, vomiting or as a drug side effect. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hyponeocytosis
Leukopenia associated with the presence of immature and young leukocytes (especially in the granulocytic series), i.e., a 'shift to the left' in the haemogram. ... Synonym: hyposkeocytosis. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Neos, new, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyponitrous
<chemistry> Containing or derived from nitrogen having a lower valence than in nitrous compounds. ... <chemistry> Hyponitrous acid, an unstable nitrogen acid, NOH, whose salts are produced by reduction of the nitrates, although the acid itself is not isolated in the free state except as a solution in water. ... Synonym: nitrosylic acid.
hyponoia
Deficient or sluggish mental activity or imagination. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Noeo, to think ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyponychial
Synonym: subungual. ... 2. Relating to the hyponychium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyponychium
The epithelium of the nail bed, particularly its proximal part in the region of the nailroot and lunula, forming the nail matrix. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Onyx, nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyponychon
An ecchymosis beneath a fingernail or toenail. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Onyx, nail ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypooncotic
Indicating an oncotic pressure less than normal, e.g., of blood plasma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoorthocytosis
Leukopenia in which the relative numbers of the various types of white blood cells are within the normal range, and no immature cells are found in the circulating blood. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Orthos, correct, + kytos, cell, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoosmotic
<physiology> Describes a cell or other membrane-bound object which has a lower concentration of solutes than its surroundings. ... For example: a cell in a high-salt-concentration medium is hypoosmotic. Water is more likely to move out of the cell by osmosis as a result. ... Compare: hyperosmotic. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypoovarianism
Inadequate ovarian function, commonly referring to reduced secretion of ovarian hormones. ... Synonym: hypovarianism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypopancreatism
A condition of diminished activity of digestive enzyme secretion by the pancreas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypopancreorrhoea
Reduced delivery of pancreatic digestive enzyme secretions. ... Origin: hypo-+ pancreas + G. Rhoia, flow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoparathyroid tetany
Synonym for parathyroid tetany ... Tetany due to lack of parathyroid function, spontaneous or following excision of the parathyroid glands. ... Synonym: hypoparathyroid tetany, parathyroprival tetany, tetania parathyreopriva. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoparathyroidism
<endocrinology> A term which describes the abnormally low production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. ... Hypoparathyroidism may be congenital or occur in association with another disorder (autoimmune disease, haemochromatosis). ... Common symptoms are those of low blood calcium: muscle spasms, tetany, facial grimacing, larynge …

hypoparathyroidism syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome characterised by fatigue, muscular weakness, paresthesia and cramps of the extremities, tetany, and laryngeal stridor; due to hypocalcaemia resulting from a lack of parathyroid hormone; may be idiopathic, postoperative, or caused by organic lesions of the parathyroids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypopepsia
Impaired digestion, especially that due to a deficiency of pepsin. ... Synonym: oligopepsia. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Pepsis, digestion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoperistalsis
Reduced or inadequate peristalsis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophalangism
Congenital absence of one or more of the phalanges of a finger or toe. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypopharyngeal diverticulum
Synonym for pharyngoesophageal diverticulum ... Most common diverticulum of the oesophagus; arises between the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and the crico-pharyngeus muscle. ... Synonym: hypopharyngeal diverticulum, Zenker's diverticulum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophonesis
In percussion or auscultation, a sound that is diminished or fainter than usual. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Phonesis, a sounding ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophonia
An abnormally weak voice due to incoordination of the muscles concerned in vocalization. ... Synonym: leptophonia, microphonia, microphony. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Phone, voice ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophoria
A tendency of the visual axis of one eye to deviate downward, prevented by binocular vision. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Phora, motion ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophosphataemia
<biochemistry> An abnormally low serum phosphate level. ... Normal serum phosphate levels are in the range of 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dl. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypophosphatasaemia
Synonym for hypophosphatasia ... A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcaemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin d-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, …

hypophosphatasia
A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcaemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin d-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation …

hypophosphatemia
An abnormally decreased level of phosphates in the blood. The manifestations include haemolysis, lassitude, weakness, and convulsions. It may be found in hyperparathyroidism, rickets, osteomalacia, and several renal tubular abnormalities. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypophosphatemia, familial
Familial disorder characterised by hypophosphatemia associated with decreased renal tubular reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus. It is sometimes associated with osteomalacia or rickets which do not respond to the usual doses of vitamin d. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypophosphaturia
Reduced urinary excretion of phosphates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophosphoric
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or derived from, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphoric acid. ... <chemistry> Hypophosphoric acid, an acid, P2H4O6, produced by the slow oxidation of moist phosphorus, and isolated only as a solution in water. It is regarded as a condensation pro …

hypophosphorous
<chemistry> Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus in a lower state of oxidation than in phosphoric compounds; as, hypophosphorous acid. ... <chemistry> Hypophosphorous acid, an acid, H3PO2, whose salts are produced by the action of barium hygrate on phosphorus. It may be obtained from its water solution, by exaporation and freezing, a …

hypophosphorous acid
An aqueous solution containing 31% HPH2O2; used as a stabilizing reducing agent in pharmaceutical preparations. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophrasia
Slowness or lack of speech associated with a psychosis or brain injury. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Phrasis, speaking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophyseal cachexia
Synonym for panhypopituitarism ... A state in which the secretion of all anterior pituitary hormones is inadequate or absent; caused by a variety of disorders that result in destruction or loss of function of all or most of the anterior pituitary gland. Rare forms of PHP are inherited as autosomal recessive or as an X-linked recessive. ... Synonym: a …

hypophyseal pouch
Synonym for pituitary diverticulum ... A tubular outgrowth of ectoderm from the stomodeum of the embryo; it grows dorsad toward the infundibular process of the diencephalon, around which it forms a cup-like mass, giving rise to the pars distalis and pars juxtaneuralis of the hypophysis. ... Synonym: craniopharyngeal canal, hypophyseal pouch, Rathke's …

hypophysectomise
To remove the pituitary gland. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysectomy
<procedure> Surgical removal or destruction of the hypophysis, or pituitary gland. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypophysectomy, chemical
Total or subtotal destruction of the pituitary gland by chemical injection. It is usually achieved by injection of ethyl alcohol via trans-sphenoidal cannulation under stereotaxic control. It is usually performed for the treatment of intractable pain. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypophyseoportal system
Synonym for portal hypophysial circulation ... A capillary network that carries hypophyseotropic hormones from the hypothalamus, where they are secreted into blood, to their sites of action in the anterior hypophysis. ... See: portal circulation, hypophysis, hypothalamus. ... Synonym: hypophyseoportal system, hypophysial portal circulation, hypophysia …

hypophyseoprivic
Synonym for hypophysioprivic ... Denoting the condition in which the pituitary gland may be functionally inactive or may be absent, as after hypophysectomy. ... Synonym: hypophyseoprivic. ... Origin: hypophysis + L. Privus, deprived of ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophyseotropic
Synonym for hypophysiotropic ... Denoting a stimulatory hormone that acts on the pituitary gland (hypophysis). ... Synonym: hypophyseotropic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysial amenorrhoea
Amenorrhoea due to inadequate gonadotrophic secretions by the anterior lobe of the hypophysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysial cachexia
simmonds' disease, panhypopituitarism ...

hypophysial duct
Synonym for craniopharyngeal duct ... The slender tubular part of the hypophysial diverticulum; the stalk of Rathke's pocket. ... Synonym: bucconeural duct, hypophysial duct. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysial dwarf
Dwarfism as result of failure of growth hormone production because of hypothalamic or pituitary abnormality. ... Synonym: pituitary dwarf. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysial fossa
Fossa of the sphenoid bone housing the pituitary gland. ... See: sella turcica. ... Synonym: fossa hypophysialis, pituitary fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysial infantilism
Growth hormone deficiency due to failure of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (also known as somatocrinin.) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysial portal circulation
Synonym for portal hypophysial circulation ... A capillary network that carries hypophyseotropic hormones from the hypothalamus, where they are secreted into blood, to their sites of action in the anterior hypophysis. ... See: portal circulation, hypophysis, hypothalamus. ... Synonym: hypophyseoportal system, hypophysial portal circulation, hypophysia …

hypophysial portal system
Synonym for portal hypophysial circulation ... A capillary network that carries hypophyseotropic hormones from the hypothalamus, where they are secreted into blood, to their sites of action in the anterior hypophysis. ... See: portal circulation, hypophysis, hypothalamus. ... Synonym: hypophyseoportal system, hypophysial portal circulation, hypophysia …

hypophysial syndrome
Synonym for dystrophia adiposogenitalis ... A disorder characterised primarily by obesity and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in adolescent boys; dwarfism is rare, and when present is thought to reflect hypothyroidism. Visual loss, behavioural abnormalities, and diabetes insipidus may occur. Frohlich's syndrome often is used synonymously for this dis …

hypophysin
An aqueous extract of the posterior lobe of the fresh hypophysis of cattle; contains oxytocin and vasopressin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysio-sphenoidal syndrome
<syndrome> Neoplastic invasion of the base of the skull in the region of the sphenoidal sinus, often with destruction of the dorsum sellae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysioportal system
Synonym for portal hypophysial circulation ... A capillary network that carries hypophyseotropic hormones from the hypothalamus, where they are secreted into blood, to their sites of action in the anterior hypophysis. ... See: portal circulation, hypophysis, hypothalamus. ... Synonym: hypophyseoportal system, hypophysial portal circulation, hypophysia …

hypophysioprivic
Denoting the condition in which the pituitary gland may be functionally inactive or may be absent, as after hypophysectomy. ... Synonym: hypophyseoprivic. ... Origin: hypophysis + L. Privus, deprived of ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysiotropic
Denoting a stimulatory hormone that acts on the pituitary gland (hypophysis). ... Synonym: hypophyseotropic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysiotropic hormone
A hormone that stimulates the rate of secretion of hypophysial hormone's; e.g., a releasing factor. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysis
Synonym for pituitary gland ... A small oval shaped endocrine gland situated at the base of the brain in the fossa (depression) of the sphenoid bone. The overall role is to regulate growth and metabolism. The gland is divided into the posterior and anterior pituitary, each responsible for the production of its own unique hormones. ... (27 Sep 1997)
hypophysis cerebri
Synonym for hypophysis ... pituitary gland ...

hypophysis sicca
Synonym for posterior pituitary ... The cleaned, dried, and powdered posterior lobe obtained from the pituitary body of domestic animals used for food by humans; an oxytocic, vasoconstrictor, antidiuretic, and a stimulant of intestinal motility. ... Synonym: desiccated pituitary, hypophysis sicca. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypophysitis
Inflammation of the hypophysis. ... Lymphocytic hypophysitis, an acute anterior pituitary lymphocytic reaction characterised clinically by signs and symptoms of anterior pituitary insufficiency; probably an autoimmune disorder because antipituitary antibodies are present in the serum. ... Synonym: lymphoid hypophysitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypopiesis
Synonym: hypotension. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Piesis, pressure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypopigmentation
A condition caused by a deficiency in melanin formation or a loss of pre-existing melanin or melanocytes. It can be complete or partial and may result from trauma, inflammation, and certain infections. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypopigmented
Underpigmented. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypopituitarism
<endocrinology> A medical condition where the pituitary gland produces lower than normal levels of its hormones. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypoplasia
<embryology> The incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue. ... Origin: Gr. Plasis = formation ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hypoplasia of right ventricle
Failure of development of the right ventricle resulting in its having little muscle and much connective tissue instead of the reverse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoplastic
Pertaining to or characterised by hypoplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoplastic anaemia
<haematology> A low red blood cell count that results from the underproduction of red blood cells by the bone marrow. This is often secondary to a drug (chemotherapy) side effect. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

hypoplastic foetal chondrodystrophy
Synonym for dysplasia epiphysialis punctata ... A developmental error of the epiphyses characterised by severe deformities, epiphyses ossified from several discrete centres and with a stippled appearance, and thickened shafts of the long bones; congenital cataract and mental retardation are often present. There is an autosomal dominant form and an a …

hypoplastic heart
A small heart, as seen in Addison's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoplastic left heart syndrome
<syndrome> Underdevelopment of the left side of the heart characterised by: aortic valve atresia, hypoplastic ascending aorta, hypoplastic/atretic mitral valve, endocardial fibroelastosis most common cause of congestive heart failure in neonate, 25% of cardiac deaths in 1st week of life, prognosis: 100% fatal by 6 weeks haemodynamics: pulmona …