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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

hypothyroid
Deficiency of thyroid hormone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypothyroid dwarf
Dwarfism associated with lack of thyroid function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypothyroid dwarfism
<endocrinology> Stunted body growth and mental development appearing in the first years of life resulting the inappropriate development of the thymus gland or inadequate maternal intake of iodine during gestation. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypothyroid infantilism
<endocrinology, paediatrics> Stunted body growth and mental development appearing in the first years of life resulting the inappropriate development of the thymus gland or inadequate maternal intake of iodine during gestation. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypothyroidism
<endocrinology> A deficiency of thyroid activity. ... In adults, it is most common in women and is characterised by decrease in basal metabolic rate, tiredness and lethargy, sensitivity to cold and menstrual disturbances. If untreated, it progresses to full blown myxoedema. ... In infants, severe hypothyroidism leads to cretinism. ... In juvenil …

hypothyroxinaemia
A subnormal thyroxine concentration in the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypotonia
<neurology, physiology> A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles, diminished resistance of muscles to passive stretching. ... Origin: Gr. Tonos = tone ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypotonic
1. Having a lesser degree of tension. ... 2. Having a lesser osmotic pressure than a reference solution, which is ordinarily assumed to be blood plasma or interstitial fluid; more specifically, refers to a fluid in which cells would swell. ... Synonym: hypoisotonic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypotonic solution
<chemistry> Any solution which has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution (that is, has a lower concentration of solutes than another solution). ... A solution that contains a lower concentration of solutes than the cells that it is bathing, so that water flows into the cells from the solution by osmosis. ... Compare: hypertonic solutio …

hypotonic solutions
Solutions having a lower osmotic pressure than blood, or another solution with which they are compared. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypotonicity
<physiology> Diminished muscle tone, limp muscles. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

hypotonus
Synonym for hypotonia ... <neurology, physiology> A condition of diminished tone of the skeletal muscles, diminished resistance of muscles to passive stretching. ... Origin: Gr. Tonos = tone ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypotoxicity
Reduced toxicity; the quality of being only slightly poisonous. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypotrichiasis
Synonym: hypotrichosis. ... Synonym: alopecia congenitalis. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Trichiasis, hairiness ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypotrichida
An order of ciliate protozoa. Characteristics include a dorsoventrally flattened, highly mobile body with a unique cursorial type of locomotion. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypotrichosis
Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypotriglyceridaemia
<biochemistry> In medicine, this defines the situation characterised by a decreased blood triglyceride content. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hypotrophy
Synonym for abiotrophy ... <biology> Premature loss of a cell or tissues ability to function. ... (06 May 1997) ...

hypotropia
An ocular deviation with one eye lower than the other. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Trope, turn ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypotympanotomy
<procedure> Operative procedure for the complete surgical extirpation, without sacrifice of hearing, of small tumours confined to the lower tympanic cavity. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Tympanon, tympanum, + tome, incision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypotympanum
The lower part of the tympanic cavity. It is separated by a bony wall from the jugular bulb. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypouresis
Reduced flow of urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypouricaemia
<biochemistry> Deficiency of uric acid in the blood, along with xanthinuria, due to deficiency of xanthine oxidase, the enzyme required for conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hypouricuria
Reduced excretion of uric acid in the urine. ... Hereditary renal hypouricuria, an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defective reabsorption of urate in the renal proximal tubule. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypovarianism
Synonym for hypoovarianism ... Inadequate ovarian function, commonly referring to reduced secretion of ovarian hormones. ... Synonym: hypovarianism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoventilation
A state in which there is a reduced amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hypoventilation coma
Coma seen with advanced lung failure and resultant hypoventilation. ... Synonym: CO2 narcosis, hypoxic-hypercarbic encephalopathy, pulmonary encephalopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypovirulence
Where a disease-causing organism is less able to cause the disease, or where the disease which results is milder. Decreased virulence in a pathogen. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hypovitaminosis
A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hypovolaemia
A term which describes a condition of abnormally low intravascular volume with a decreased volume of circulating plasma in the body. It can be due to blood loss or dehydration. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hypovolaemic
Pertaining to or characterised by hypovolaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypovolaemic shock
A state of inadequate tissue perfusion that occurs secondary to an abnormally low circulating blood volume. May occur as the result of severe dehydration. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

hypovolemic shock
A medical condition where there are abnormally low levels of blood plasma in the body, such that the body is unable to properly maintain blood pressure, cardiac output of blood, and normal amounts of fluid in the tissues. This results in a state of deep physical depression. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hypovolia
Diminished water content or volume of a given compartment; e.g., extracellular hypovolia. ... Origin: hypo-+ L. Volumen, volume ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoxaemia
<biochemistry> Below-normal oxygen content in arterial blood due to deficient oxygenation of the blood and resulting in hypoxia. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypoxaemia test
Synonym for anoxaemia test ... A test for coronary insufficiency; the patient breathes a mixture of 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen; if anginal pain or electrocardiographic abnormalities are induced, the test is positive. ... Synonym: hypoxaemia test. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoxanthine
Purine base present in inosine monophosphate (IMP) from which adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) are made. The product of deamination of adenine, 6 hydroxy purine. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hypoxanthine oxidase
Synonym for xanthine oxidase ... <enzyme> Dehydrogenases involved in conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, as the final catabolism of purines. Deficient in the human disease xanthinuria. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hypoxanthines
Purine bases related to hypoxanthine, an intermediate product of uric acid synthesis and a breakdown product of adenine catabolism. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypoxanthinosine
Synonym for inosine ... The fifth base of nucleic acids. Important because it fails to form specific pair bonds with the other bases. In transfer RNAs, this property is used in the anticodon to allow matching of a single tRNA to several codons. PCR perfomed with primers containing inosine tolerates a limited degree of mismatch between primer and tem …

hypoxemia
Synonym for hypoxaemia ... <biochemistry> Below-normal oxygen content in arterial blood due to deficient oxygenation of the blood and resulting in hypoxia. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

hypoxia
Reduction of oxygen supply to tissue below physiological levels despite adequate perfusion of the tissue by blood. (cf. Anoxia). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hypoxia warning system
A device designed to produce an audio or visual signal at a predetermined level of oxygen partial pressure; ideally, the system would warn of impending hypoxia in time for corrective action to be taken. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoxia-ischemia
See hypoxia. Ischemia refers to blood flow to cells and organs that is not sufficient to maintain their normal function. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hypoxic
Denoting or characterised by hypoxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoxic hypoxia
Hypoxia resulting from a defective mechanism of oxygenation in the lungs; may be caused by a low tension of oxygen, abnormal pulmonary function or respiratory obstruction, or a right-to-left shunt in the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoxic nephrosis
Acute oliguric renal failure following haemorrhage, burns, shock, or other causes of hypovolaemia and reduced renal blood flow; frequently associated with patchy tubular necrosis, tubulorrhexis, and distal tubular casts of haemoglobin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoxic-hypercarbic encephalopathy
Synonym for hypoventilation coma ... Coma seen with advanced lung failure and resultant hypoventilation. ... Synonym: CO2 narcosis, hypoxic-hypercarbic encephalopathy, pulmonary encephalopathy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Damage to cells in the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) from inadequate oxygen. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy allegedly may cause in death in the newborn period or result in what is later recognised as developmental delay, mental retardation, or cerebral palsy. This is an area of considerable medical and medicolegal debate. ... ( …

hypsarhythmia
Hypsarrhythmia ... The abnormal and characteristically chaotic electroencephalogram commonly found in patients with infantile spasms. ... Origin: G. Hypsi, high, + a-priv. + rhythmos, rhythm ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsi-
High, height. ... Origin: G. Hypsos, height ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsibrachycephalic
Having a high broad head. ... Origin: hypsi-+ G. Brachys, broad, + kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsicephaly
Synonym: oxycephaly. ... Origin: hypsi-+ G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsiconchous
Having a high orbit, with an orbital index above 85. ... Origin: hypsi-+ G. Konchos, a shell, the upper part of the skull ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsiloid angle
Synonym for y-angle ... In craniometry, the angle at the inion formed by lines drawn from the hormion and the lambda. ... Synonym: hypsiloid angle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsiloid cartilage
Synonym for Y cartilage ... Y-shaped cartilage, the connecting cartilage for the ilium, ischium, and pubis; it extends through the acetabulum. ... Synonym: hypsiloid cartilage. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsiloid ligament
Synonym for iliofemoral ligament ... <anatomy> A triangular ligament attached by its apex to the anterior inferior spine of the ilium and rim of the acetabulum, and by its base to the anterior intertrochanteric line of the femur; the strong medial band is attached to the lower part of the intertrochanteric line; the strong lateral part is fixe …

hypsistaphylia
A condition in which the palate is high and narrow. ... Origin: hypsi-+ G. Staphyle, uvula ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsistenocephalic
Having a high, narrow head. ... Origin: hypsi-+ G. Stenos, narrow, + kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsocephaly
Synonym: oxycephaly. ... Origin: hypso-+ G. Kephale, head ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsochromic
Denoting the shift of an absorption spectrum maximum to a shorter wavelength (greater energy). ... Origin: hypso-+ G. Chroma, colour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsodont
Having long teeth. ... Origin: hypso-+ G. Odous, tooth ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hypsometer
<physics> An instrument for measuring heights by observation of barometric pressure; especially, one for determining heights by ascertaining the boiling point of water. It consists of a vessel for water, with a lamp for heating it, and an inclosed thermometer for showing the temperature of ebullition. ... Origin: Gr. Height. ... Source: Webster …

hypurgia
A rarely used term for any minor factor(s) modifying the course of a disease for good or for ill, especially the former. ... Origin: G. Hypourgia, help, service, fr. Hypo, + ergon, work ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyrax
<zoology> Any animal of the genus Hyrax, of which about four species are known. They constitute the order Hyracoidea. The best known species are the daman (H. Syriacus) of Palestine, and the klipdas (H. Capensis) of South Africa. Other species are H. Arboreus and H. Sylvestris, the former from Southern, and the latter from Western, Africa. Se …

hyraxes
Any of certain small mammals of the order hyracoidea. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Hyrtl, Joseph
<person> Austrian anatomist, 1810-1894. ... See: Hyrtl's anastomosis, Hyrtl's foramen, Hyrtl's loop, Hyrtl's epitympanic recess, Hyrtl's sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hyrtl's anastomosis
Synonym for Hyrtl's loop ... A communicating loop between the right and left hypoglossal nerves, lying between the geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles or in the substance of the geniohyoid; it is found in about one in ten persons. ... Synonym: Hyrtl's anastomosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hyrtl's epitympanic recess
Synonym for epitympanic recess ... The upper portion of the tympanic cavity above the tympanic membrane; it contains the head of the malleus and the body of the incus. ... Synonym: recessus epitympanicus, attic, epitympanic space, epitympanum, Hyrtl's epitympanic recess, tympanic attic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hyrtl's foramen
Synonym for porus crotaphytico-buccinatorius ... An occasional foramen in the sphenoid bone through which passes the motor portion of the trigeminal nerve; it is formed by ossification of a ligament below and lateral to the foramen ovale. ... Synonym: Hyrtl's foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hyrtl's loop
A communicating loop between the right and left hypoglossal nerves, lying between the geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles or in the substance of the geniohyoid; it is found in about one in ten persons. ... Synonym: Hyrtl's anastomosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hyrtl's sphincter
A band, generally incomplete, of circular muscular fibres in the rectum about 10 cm above the anus (upper rectal ampulla). ... See: Nelaton's sphincter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hyssop
A plant (Hyssopus officinalis). The leaves have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. ... The hyssop of Scripture is supposed to be a species of caper (Capparis spinosa), but probably the name was used for several different plants. ... Origin: OE. Hysope, ysope, OF. Ysope, F. Hysope, hyssope, L. Hysopum, hyssopum, hyssopus, Gr, an aromatic pl …

hysteralgia
Pain in the uterus. ... Synonym: hysterodynia, metrodynia. ... Origin: hystero-+ G. Algos, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysteratresia
Atresia of the uterine cavity, usually resulting from inflammatory endocervical adhesions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterectomy
<procedure, surgery> The operation of excising the uterus, performed either through the abdominal wall or through the vagina. ... Origin: Gr. Ektom = excision ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hysterectomy, abdominal
Surgical removal of the uterus through an incision made in the abdominal wall. As opposed to a vaginal hysterectomy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hysterectomy, complete
Complete surgical removal of the uterus and cervix. Also called a total hysterectomy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hysterectomy, partial
The uterus is sugically removed but the cervix is left is left in place. Also called a subtotal hysterectomy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hysterectomy, subtotal
The uterus is surgically removed but the cervix is left is left in place. Also called a partial hysterectomy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hysterectomy, total
Complete surgical removal of the uterus and cervix. Also called a complete hysterectomy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hysterectomy, vaginal
Removal of the uterus through a surgical incision, not of the abdomen but, within the vagina. With a vaginal hysterectomy, the scar is not outwardly visible. A vaginal hysterectomy is in contrast to an abdominal hysterectomy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hysteresis
<physics> A lagging or retardation of the effect, when the forces acting upon a body are changed, as if from velocity or internal friction; a temporary resistance to change from a condition previously invuced, observed in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc, on reversal of polarity. ... Origin: NL, fr. Gr. To be behind, to lag. ... Source: Webste …

hystereurysis
Dilation of the lower segment and cervical canal of the uterus. ... Origin: hystero-+ G. Euryno, to dilate, fr. Eurys, wide ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysteria
<medicine> A nervous affection, occurring almost exclusively in women, in which the emotional and reflex excitability is exaggerated, and the will power correspondingly diminished, so that the patient loses control over the emotions, becomes the victim of imaginary sensations, and often falls into paroxism or fits. ... The chief symptoms are c …

hysterical
Relating to or characterised by hysteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical amblyopia
Synonym for functional visual loss ... An apparent loss of visual acuity or visual field with no substantiating physical signs; often due to a natural concern about visual loss combined with suggestibility and a fear of the worst; best treated with reassurance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical anaesthesia
Anaesthesia as a manifestation of hysteria, usually involving half the body or isolated patches not conforming to neuroanatomical distribution. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical ataxia
Synonym for Briquet's ataxia ... Weakening of the muscle sense and increased sensibility of the skin, in hysteria. ... Synonym: hysterical ataxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical blindness
Loss of vision or blurring of vision following a highly traumatic event such as seeing one's child killed by a truck. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical chorea
Conversion hysteria in which involuntary, quick, and purposeless (choreiform) movements constitute the chief feature. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical convulsion
See: hysteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical deafness
Synonym for psychogenic deafness ... Hearing loss without evidence of organic cause or malingering; often follows severe psychic shock. ... Synonym: functional deafness, hysterical deafness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical gait
A variety of bizarre gaits seen with hysteria-conversion reaction; usually the foot is dragged or pushed ahead, instead of lifted, while walking; frequently the foot is held dorsiflexed and inverted. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical joint
A simulation of joint disease, with symptoms of pain, possibly swelling, and impairment of motion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical neurosis
<psychiatry> A conversion of emotional stress or mental disturbance into a physical symptom. ... Examples include paralysis, blindness, inability to speak or another sudden debilitating problem for no reason evident through testing. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

hysterical paralysis
A psychosomatic numbness of a limb sometimes to the point of paralysis. ... See: hysteria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical polydipsia
Synonym for psychogenic polydipsia ... Excessive fluid consumption resulting from a disorder of the personality, without demonstrable organic lesion. ... Synonym: hysterical polydipsia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical pregnancy
Synonym for false pregnancy ... <obstetrics, psychiatry> A condition in which some signs and symptoms suggest pregnancy, although the woman is not pregnant. ... Synonym: hysterical pregnancy, pseudocyesis, pseudopregnancy, spurious pregnancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hysterical psychosis
A psychotic disturbance with predominantly hysterical symptoms, a mental disorder resembling conversion hysteria but of psychotic severity, a brief reactive psychosis, often culture bound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...