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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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hypertension<cardiology> Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Hypertension may have no known cause (essential or idiopathic hypertension) or be associated with other primary diseases (secondary hypertension). ... This condition is considered a risk factor for the development of heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke and kidney disease.
hypertension, malignant
Severe hypertension characterised by papilledema and necrosis of small arteries and arterioles. The diastolic pressure is generally greater than 130 mm hg. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertension, portal
Abnormally increased pressure in the portal venous system; frequently seen in cirrhosis of the liver and in other conditions which cause obstruction of the portal vein. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertension, pulmonary
High blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries. Normally, the pressure in the pulmonary arteries is low (compared to that in the aorta). Pulmonary hypertension can irrevocably damage the lungs. Pulmonary hypertension is made up of pulmonary for lung, hyper for high, and tension for blood pressure. (in french, the word for blood pressure is tension ) …
hypertension, renal
Hypertension due to renal diseases, especially chronic parenchymal disease. Hypertension as a result of compression or obstruction of the renal artery or its branches is hypertension, renovascular. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertension, renovascular
Hypertension due to compression or obstruction of the renal artery or its branches. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertensive
1. Marked by an increased blood pressure. ... 2. Denoting a person suffering from high blood pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertensive angiopathy
A condition of turkeys of unknown aetiology, associated with sudden death in rapidly growing male birds. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertensive arteriopathy
Arterial degeneration resulting from hypertension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertensive arteriosclerosis
Progressive increase in muscle and elastic tissue of arterial walls, resulting from hypertension; in longstanding hypertension, elastic tissue forms numerous concentric layers in the intima and there is replacement of muscle by collagen fibres and hyaline thickening of the intima of arterioles; such changes can develop with increasing age in the ab …
hypertensive encephalopathy
A metabolic encephalopathy caused by diffuse cerebral oedema; follows an abrupt elevation of blood pressure in a long-term hypertensive patient. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertensive retinopathy
A retinal condition occurring in accelerated vascular hypertension, marked by arteriolar constriction, flame-shaped haemorrhages, cotton-wool patches, star-figure oedema at the macula, and papilledema. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertensor
Synonym for pressor ... <physiology> Causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to an increase of pressure; as, pressor nerve fibres, stimulation of which excites the vasomotor center, thus causing a stronger contraction of the arteries and consequently an increase of the arterial blood pressure. ... Compare: depressor. ... (05 Mar 1998) ...
hypertestoidism
Hypergonadism in the male, characterised by proliferation of Leydig cells with excessive production of testosterone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthecosis
Diffuse hyperplasia of the theca cells of the graafian follicles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthelia
Synonym: polythelia. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Thele, nipple ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthermalgesia
Extreme sensitiveness to heat. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Therme, heat, + algesis, pain ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthermia
<clinical sign> Abnormally high body temperature, especially that induced for therapeutic purposes. ... Origin: Gr. Therm = heat ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hyperthermia, induced
Abnormally high temperature intentionally induced in living things regionally or whole body. It is most often induced by radiation (heat waves, infra-red), ultrasound, or drugs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hyperthermoesthesia
Extreme sensitiveness to heat. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Therme, heat, + aisthesis, feeling ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthermophile
<endocrinology> Excess production of thyroid hormone caused by autoantibodies that bind to the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor and induce secretion of thyroxine by raising cAMP levels in the thyroid cells. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hyperthermophilic
Describes an organism that lives in a very high-temperature environment (well over 50 degrees C). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
hyperthrombinaemia
An abnormal increase of thrombin in the blood, frequently resulting in a tendency to intravascular coagulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthymia
State of overactivity, greater than average and less than the overactivity of the manic state of manic-depressive disorder. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Thymos, soul, thought ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthymic
1. Pertaining to hyperthymia. ... 2. Pertaining to hyperthymism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthymism
Excessive activity of the thymus gland; formerly postulated to be a causal factor in certain instances of unexpected and sudden death, such as status thymicolymphaticus. ... Synonym: hyperthymization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthymization
Synonym for hyperthymism ... Excessive activity of the thymus gland; formerly postulated to be a causal factor in certain instances of unexpected and sudden death, such as status thymicolymphaticus. ... Synonym: hyperthymization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthyrea
Synonym for hyperthyroidism ... 1. <physiology> Excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland. ... 2. <disease> The abnormal condition resulting from hyperthyroidism marked by increased metabolic rate, enlargement of the thyroid gland, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure and various secondary symptoms. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hyperthyroid
Excess of thyroid hormone resulting from an overactive thyroid gland (or taking too much thyroid hormone). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hyperthyroid heart
Response of the heart to hyperthyroidism, essentially the result of sympathetic stimulation producing rapid heart rates and ultimately cardiac failure and atrial fibrillation if untreated. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperthyroidism
1. <physiology> Excessive functional activity of the thyroid gland. ... 2. <disease> The abnormal condition resulting from hyperthyroidism marked by increased metabolic rate, enlargement of the thyroid gland, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure and various secondary symptoms. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hyperthyroxinaemia
Excess of thyroxine in the blood. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertonia
Or hypertony n, pl. Hypertonias or hypertonies: hypertonicity. N. Pathology: increased rigidity, tension and spasticity of the muscles. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hypertonia polycythemica
A form of polycythemia without a prominent degree of splenomegaly, but with increased blood pressure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertonic
Of a fluid, sufficiently concentrated to cause osmotic shrinkage of cells immersed in it. Note that a mildly hyperosmotic solution is not necessarily hypertonic for viable cells, that are capable of regulating their volumes by active transport. ... See: hypotonic, isotonic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hypertonic bladder
A bladder with poor compliance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertonic solution
Any solution which has a higher osmotic pressure than another solution (that is, has a higher concentration of solutes than another solution). A solution which contains a higher concentration of solutes than the cells that it is bathing, so that water is drawn out of the cells and into the solution by osmosis. A hypertonic solution is the opposite …
hypertonic solutions
Solutions having a higher osmotic pressure than blood, or another solution with which they are compared. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertonicity
Synonym: hypertonia. ... 2. An increased effective osmotic pressure of body fluids. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertrichiasis
Synonym for hypertrichosis ... Excessive growth of the hair. Also called polytrichia and polytrichosis. ... (cf. Hirsutism) ... Origin: Gr. Thrix = hair ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hypertrichophrydia
Excessively thick eyebrows. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Thrix, hair, + ophrys, eyebrow ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertrichosis
Excessive growth of the hair. Also called polytrichia and polytrichosis. ... (cf. Hirsutism) ... Origin: Gr. Thrix = hair ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hypertrichosis lanuginosa
Excessive growth of lanugo hair associated with internal malignancy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertrichosis partialis
Abnormally excessive hair growth in patches in unusual areas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertrichosis universalis
Generalised excessive hair growth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertriglyceridaemia
<biochemistry> Elevation of triglycerides, a fatty substance found in the bloodstream. Normal triglyceride blood levels should be 10-150 milligrams per decilitre. Elevations of the triglyceride level (particularly in association with elevated cholesterol) have been correlated with the development of atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of he …
hypertriglyceridemia
Condition of elevated triglyceride concentration in the blood; an inherited form occurs in familial hyperlipoproteinaemia IIb and hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV. It has been linked to higher risk of heart disease and arteriosclerosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertroph
A microorganism that requires living cells to supply the enzyme systems necessary for growth and reproduction. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertrophia
Synonym for hypertrophy ... The enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part due to an increase in size of its constituent cells. ... Compare: hyperplasia. ... Origin: Gr. Troph = nutrition ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hypertrophic
Relating to or characterised by hypertrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertrophic arthritis
Synonym for osteoarthritis ... <pathology> Noninflammatory degenerative joint disease occurring chiefly in older persons, characterised by degeneration of the articular cartilage, hypertrophy of bone at the margins and changes in the synovial membrane. It is accompanied by pain and stiffness, particularly after prolonged activity. ... Origin: G …
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
<cardiology, pathology> A congenital heart disease that results in abnormal thickening of the ventricular septum and left ventricular wall. ... Enlargement of the ventricular septum can result in ventricular outflow obstruction (subaortic stenosis) and eventual cardiomyopathy. ... Origin: Gr. Pathos = disease ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
hypertrophic dystrophy
Synonym for squamous cell hyperplasia ... Increase in the number of cells in a squamous epithelium. ... Synonym: hypertrophic dystrophy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertrophic gastritis
Synonym for Menetrier's disease ... Gastric mucosal hyperplasia, either mucoid or glandular; the latter type may be associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. ... Synonym: giant hypertrophy of gastric mucosa, hypertrophic gastritis, Menetrier's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
<radiology> Pulmonary, malignancy (bronchogenic carcinoma, lymphoma, metastasis), abscess, COPD / bronchiectasis, pleural, pleural fibroma (highest incidence of HOA, tho' rare itself), mesothelioma, cardiac, cyanotic congenital heart disease, GI, inflammatory disease (Crohn, UC), malabsorption (dysentery, lue, cirrhosis), ** causes symmetrica …
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
<radiology> Not seen until 3 weeks, projectile vomiting, palpable olive in RUQ/epigastrium ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertrophic rhinitis
Chronic rhinitis with permanent thickening of the mucous membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertrophic rosacea
Synonym for rhinophyma ... A manifestation of severe acne rosacea resulting in significant enlargement of the nose and occurring primarily in men. It is caused by hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands and surrounding connective tissue. The nose is reddened and marked with numerous telangiectasias. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertrophic scar
An elevated scar resembling a keloid but which does not spread into surrounding tissues, is rarely painful, and regresses spontaneously; collagen bundles run parallel to the skin surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertrophied lenticels
An exaggerated (oversized) pore on the stem of woody plants through which gases are exchanged between the plant and the atmosphere, serves to increase oxygen to plant roots during periods of inundation or soil saturation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
hypertrophy
The enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part due to an increase in size of its constituent cells. ... Compare: hyperplasia. ... Origin: Gr. Troph = nutrition ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hypertrophy, left ventricular
Enlargement of the left ventricle of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertrophy, right ventricular
Enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to pulmonary hypertension and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hypertropia
An ocular deviation with one eye higher than the other. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Trope, a turn ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypertyrosinaemia
Synonym for tyrosinaemia ... A disorder consisting of elevated blood concentrations of tyrosine, enhanced urinary excretion of tyrosine and tyrosyl compounds, hepatosplenomegaly, nodular cirrhosis of the liver, multiple renal tubular reabsorptive defects, and vitamin D-resistant rickets; autosomal recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: hypertyrosinaemia …
hyperuracil thyminuria
An inherited disorder in which there are elevated levels of uracil and thymine in the urine; associated with a deficiency of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and resultant impaired CNS function. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperuresis
An obsolete term for polyuria. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Oureo, to urinate ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperuricaemia
<biochemistry> Elevated uric acid level in the bloodstream. Can be seen in association with chemotherapy. Hyperuricaemia is considered a risk factor for the development or gout and may lead to renal disease. Also called uric acidaemia and previously known as lithaemia. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (29 Sep 1997) ...
hyperuricaemic
Relating to or characterised by hyperuricaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperuricuria
Increased urinary excretion of uric acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypervaccination
Repeated inoculation of an individual already immunised; used as a means of preparing a highly potent antiserum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypervalinaemia
Abnormally high plasma concentrations of valine, a common finding in maple syrup urine disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypervariable region
<immunology> Those regions of the heavy or light chains of immunoglobulins in which there is considerable sequence diversity within that set of immunoglobulins in a single individual. These regions specify the antigen affinity of each antibody. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hypervariable regions
The regions of the immunoglobulin molecule that contain most of the residues involved in the antibody binding site. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypervascular
Abnormally vascular; containing an excessive number of blood vessels. ... Origin: hyper-+ L. Vas, a vessel ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypervascular liver metastases
<radiology> Renal cell carcinoma, carcinoid tumour, colonic carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, breast carcinoma, melanoma, pancreatic islet cell tumour, ovarian cystadenocarcinoma, sarcomas, pheochromocytoma see: liver metastatses ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hyperventilate
An increase in the rate or depth of breathing. ... Symptoms include rapid breathing, faintness or fainting, numbness around the mouth, fingertips or toes and cramping in the hands and fingers. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
hyperventilation
A state in which there is an increased amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli (increased alveolar ventilation), resulting in reduction of carbon dioxide tension and eventually leading to alkalosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hyperventilation test
Producing respiratory alkalosis by overbreathing to 1) produce clinical abnormalities, e.g., tetany seizures; 2) cause EEG abnormalities; 3) cause EMG abnormalities. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperventilation tetany
Tetany caused by forced overbreathing, due to a reduction in CO2in the blood. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyperviscosity syndrome
<syndrome> A syndrome resulting from increased viscosity of the blood; an increase in serum proteins may be associated with bleeding from mucous membranes, retinopathy, and neurological symptoms, and is sometimes seen in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and in multiple myeloma; an increased viscosity secondary to polycythemia may be associate …
hypervitaminosis
<biochemistry> A condition due to ingestion of an excess of one or more vitamins. ... Synonym: supervitaminosis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hypervitaminosis A
<biochemistry> Poisoning due to too much vitamin A within the body. ... Symptoms include irritability, fatigue, changes in the skin, hair loss, headache, and abdominal discomfort. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
hypervitaminosis D
<biochemistry> Poisoning due to too much vitamin D within the body. ... Symptoms include headache, weakness, disturbed digestion, increased blood pressure, and tissue calcification (of certain tissues). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
hypervolaemia
<cardiology, physiology> Abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma) in the body. ... Origin: Gr. Haima = blood ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
hypervolaemic
Pertaining to or characterised by hypervolaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypervolia
Augmented water content or volume of a given compartment; e.g., cellular hypervolia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypesthesia
<neurology, physiology> Decreased sensitivity to touch and pain. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
hypha
<microbiology> Filament of fungal tissue that may or may not be separated into a file of cells by cross walls (septa). ... It is the main growth form of filamentous fungi and is characterised by growth at the tip followed by lateral branching. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
hyphae
<microbiology> The fine, branching tubes which make up the body (or mycelium) of a multicellular fungus. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
hyphaema
<ophthalmology> A condition where there is haemorrhage into the anterior chamber of the eye. Often occurs secondary to eye trauma. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
hyphedonia
A habitually lessened or attenuated degree of pleasure from that which should normally give great pleasure. ... Origin: G. Hypo, under, + hedone, pleasure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyphema
Haemorrhage within the anterior chamber of the eye. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hyphemia
Synonym: hypovolaemia. ... Origin: hypo-+ G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Hyphomyces destruens
Synonym for Pythium insidiosum ... A species of fungi found in water or wet soil, and a cause of hyphomycosis or pythiosis. ... Synonym: Hyphomyces destruens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hyphomycosis
A disease of horses and mules (rarely of man) caused by the fungus Pythium insidiosum (Hyphomyces destruens), characterised by granulomatous and necrotic lesions that appear on the head and lower legs, ulcerate, and enlarge by subcutaneous extension. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypn-
See: hypno-. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypnagogic
Denoting a transitional state, related to the hypnoidal, preceding sleep; applied also to various hallucinations that may manifest themselves at that time. ... See: hypnoidal. ... Origin: hypno-+ G. Agogos, leading ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hypnagogic hallucination
<neurology, symptom> Vivid hallucinatory imagery at the onset of sleep. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...
hypnagogic image
Imagery occurring between wakefulness and sleep. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
