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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

incyclophoria
A cyclophoria in which the 12 o'clock position in the iris tends to twist medially. ... Origin: L. In-+ cyclo-+ G. Phora, a carrying ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

incyclotropia
A cyclotropia in which the upper poles of the corneas are rotated inward (medially) to each other. ... Origin: in-+ cyclo-+ G. Trope, a turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ind
Investigational New Drug An IND application containing laboratory study results of the drug candidate is submitted to the FDA to request permission to conduct studies in humans. ... (14 Nov 1997) ...

ind status
Synonym for investigational new drug ... Status given an experimental drug after the FDA approves an application for testing it in people. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

indanedione derivatives
Anticoagulants similar to warfarin in action. Anisindione and phenindione are clinically used; diphenadione is very long acting and used as a rodenticide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indanediones
A class of orally effective indirect-acting anticoagulants of which phenindione is representative. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indapamide
<chemical> 4-chloro-n-(2-methyl-1-indolinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide. A sulfamyl diuretic with about 16x the effect of furosemide. It has also been shown to be an effective antihypertensive agent in the clinic. ... Pharmacological action: antihypertensive agents, diuretics, sulfamyl. ... Chemical name: Benzamide, 3-(aminosulfonyl)-4-chloro-N-(2,3- …

indecainide
A cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmic agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indefinite
Variable in number, numerous, of stamens, more than twice as many as the petals or sepals, of an inflorescence, not terminating in a flower (i.e. Having a continuing, terminal growing point). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

indehiscent
Not opening at maturity. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

indelible
1. That can not be removed, washed away, blotted out, or effaced; incapable of being canceled, lost, or forgotten; as, indelible characters; an indelible stain; an indelible impression on the memory. ... 2. That can not be annulled; indestructible. 'They are endued with indelible power from above.' (Sprat) Indelible colours, fast colours which do no …

indenes
A family of fused-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar that act as intermediates in various chemical reactions and are used in the production of coumarone-indene resins. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

indenization
Synonym: innidiation. ... Origin: in-+ denisen ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indent
1. To notch; to jag; to cut into points like a row of teeth; as, to indent the edge of paper. ... 2. To dent; to stamp or to press in; to impress; as, indent a smooth surface with a hammer; to indent wax with a stamp. ... 3. [Cf. Indenture] To bind out by indenture or contract; to indenture; to apprentice; as, to indent a young man to a shoemaker; to …

indentation
1. The act of indenting or state of being indented. ... 2. A notch or recess, in the margin or border of anything; as, the indentations of a leaf, of the coast, etc. ... 3. A recess or sharp depression in any surface. ... 4. The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the commo …

indented
1. Cut in the edge into points or inequalities, like teeth; jagged; notched; stamped in; dented on the surface. ... 2. Having an uneven, irregular border; sinuous; undulating. ... 3. Notched like the part of a saw consisting of the teeth; serrated; as, an indented border or ordinary. ... 4. Bound out by an indenture; apprenticed; indentured; as, an in …

independence
1. The relationship between two or more events in which no information about any combination of some of them contains any information about any combination of the others. ... 2. The state of mutual detachment between or among autonomous units. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

independent
1. One who believes that an organised Christian church is complete in itself, competent to self-government, and independent of all ecclesiastical authority. ... In England the name is often applied (commonly in the pl) to the Congregationalists. ... 2. One who does not acknowledge an obligation to support a party's candidate under all circumstances; …

independent assortment
The pattern of transmission of unlinked loci. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

independent power producer
A power production facility that is not part of a regulated utility. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

independent practice associations
A partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity that enters into an arrangement for the provision of services with persons who are licensed to practice medicine, osteopathy, and dentistry, and with other care personnel. Under an ipa arrangement, licensed professional persons provide services through the entity in accordance with a mu …

independent variable
A characteristic being measured or observed that is hypothesised to influence another event or manifestation (the dependent variable) within a defined area of relationships under study; that is, the independent variable is not influenced by the event or manifestation, but may cause it or contribute to its variation. ... See: dependent variable. ... ( …

indeterminate
Of growth: the condition in which the terminal bud persists and produces successive lateral branches. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

indeterminate cleavage
Cleavage resulting in blastomeres of similar developmental potencies, each capable, when isolated, of producing an entire embryonic body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indeterminate leprosy
A transitory form of leprosy in which the immunologic status is not yet formed, and the histologic and clinical features are not yet characteristic of any of the major types of leprosy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

index
Origin: L., cf. F. Index. See Indicate, Diction. ... 1. That which points out; that which shows, indicates, manifests, or discloses. 'Tastes are the indexes of the different qualities of plants.' (Arbuthnot) ... 2. That which guides, points out, informs, or directs; a pointer or a hand that directs to anything, as the hand of a watch, a movable finge …

index ametropia
That resulting from alteration in the refractive index of the lens of the eye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

index case
A person who first draws attention to their family. For example, if my eye doctor discovers i have glaucoma and subsequently other cases of glaucoma are found in my family, i am the index case. Also called the propositus (if male) or proposita (if female). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

index extensor muscle
extensor indicis muscle ...

index finger
The second finger (the thumb being counted as the first). ... Synonym: digitus secundus, forefinger, index, second finger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

index fossils
Fossils (or groups of fossils) which are used by geologists and paleontologists to help correlate different events or processes in different parts of the world which happened at the same time. Species which make good index fossils are able to tolerate a wide range of ecological conditions, are geographically widespread, common, easy to find, and ev …

index hypermetropia
Hypermetropia arising from decreased refractivity of the lens. ... Origin: hyper-+ G. Metron, measure, + ops, eye ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

index myopia
Myopia arising from increased refractivity of the lens, as in nuclear sclerosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

index of refraction
<physics> For a given wavelength, this is the ratio of the velocity of light in vacuum (c) to the velocity of light in a refractive material (for example, glass, plasma, etc.). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

indexical signs
Sign's that acquire their function through a causal connection with what they signify; e.g., smoke as a sign of fire. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

india
A country in Southern Asia; the two peninsulas of Hither and Farther India; in a restricted sense, Hither India, or Hindostan. India ink, a nearly black pigment brought chiefly from China, used for water colours. It is in rolls, or in square, and consists of lampblack or ivory black and animal glue. Called also China ink. The true India ink is sepi …

India ink capsule stain
<technique> A negative stain for crystal bacteria in which cells appear purple (Gram's crystal violet) and the capsules appear clear against a dark background. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indian
1. Of or pertaining to India proper; also to the East Indies, or, sometimes, to the West Indies. ... 2. Of or pertaining to the aborigines, or Indians, of America; as, Indian wars; the Indian tomahawk. ... 3. Made of maize or Indian corn; as, Indian corn, Indian meal, Indian bread, and the like. ... <botany> Indian bay, an American plant of the …

Indian flap
Flap from a contiguous area, such as cheek or forehead, used to rebuild the nose. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Indian ginger
Synonym for Asarum canadense ... An aromatic stimulant and diaphoretic. ... Synonym: Canada snakeroot, Indian ginger, wild ginger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Indian gum
An exudation from Anogeisus latifolia (family Combrettaceae); the mucilage is used as a substitute for acacia mucilage. ... Synonym: ghatti gum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Indian method
Synonym for Indian rhinoplasty ... Rhinoplasty utilizing a flap from the forehead. ... Synonym: Carpue's method, Indian method, Indian operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indian ocean
A body of water covering approximately one-fifth of the total ocean area of the earth, extending amidst africa in the west, Australia in the east, asia in the north, and antarctica in the south. Including the red sea and the persian gulf, it constitutes the third largest ocean after the atlantic ocean and the pacific ocean. (new encyclopaedia brita …

indian ocean islands
Numerous islands in the indian ocean situated east of madagascar, north to the arabian sea and east to sri lanka. Included are comoros (republic), madagascar (republic), maldives (republic), mauritius (parliamentary democracy), pemba (administered by tanzania), reunion (a department of france), and seychelles (republic). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Indian operation
Synonym for Indian rhinoplasty ... Rhinoplasty utilizing a flap from the forehead. ... Synonym: Carpue's method, Indian method, Indian operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Indian podophyllum resin
Resin obtained from Podophyllum emodi; a cathartic and cholagogue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Indian rhinoplasty
Rhinoplasty utilizing a flap from the forehead. ... Synonym: Carpue's method, Indian method, Indian operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Indian sickness
Synonym for epidemic gangrenous proctitis ... A generally fatal disease affecting chiefly children in the tropics, characterised by gangrenous ulceration of the rectum and anus, accompanied by frequent watery stools and tenesmus. ... Synonym: bicho, caribi, Indian sickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Indian tick typhus
Synonym for boutonneuse fever ... A febrile disease of the mediterranean area, the crimea, africa, and india, caused by infection with rickettsia conorii. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

indians, central american
An ethnic group belonging to the mongoloid racial stock in central america. This does not include mexican indians. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

indians, north american
An ethnic group belonging to the mongoloid racial stock in north america. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

indians, south american
An ethnic group belonging to the mongoloid racial stock in south america. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

indican
1. <chemistry> A glucoside obtained from woad (indigo plant) and other plants, as a yellow or light brown sirup. It has a nauseous bitter taste, a decomposes or drying. By the action of acids, ferments, etc, it breaks down into sugar and indigo. It is the source of natural indigo. ... 2. <physiology> An indigo-forming substance, found in …

indicanidrosis
Excretion of indican in the sweat. ... Origin: indican + G. Hidros, sweat ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indicanuria
An increased urinary excretion of indican, a derivative of indol formed chiefly in the intestine when protein is putrefied; indol is also formed during the putrefaction of protein in other sites. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indicate
1. To show the probable presence of existence or nature or course of: give fair evidence of: be a fairly certain sign or symptom of. ... 2. To demonstrate or suggest the probable necessity or advisability. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

indication
A circumstance which points to or shows the cause, pathology, treatment or issue of an attack of disease, that which points out, that which serves as a guide or warning. ... Origin: L. Indicatio ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

indicative
That indicates, that points out more or less exactly, that reveals fairly clearly. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

indicator
An event, entity or condition that typically characterises a prescribed environment or situation, indicators determine or aid in determining whether or not certain stated circumstances exist or criteria are satisfied. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

indicator dilution method
Synonym for Stewart-Hamilton method ... hamilton-Stewart method ...

indicator dilution techniques
Methods for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of an indicator, such as a dye, radionuclide, or chilled liquid, into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

indicator organisms
Organisms that respond predictably to various environmental changes, and whose presence, or abundance, are used as indicators of environmental conditions. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

indicator plant
Plant species indicating some specific characteristic of a certain locality. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

indicator system
In in vitro immunological tests, a combination of reagents used to determine the degree to which immunological reagents have combined (e.g., sensitised erythrocytes in complement-fixation tests; enzyme and substrate in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indicator yellow
A compound formed in the bleaching of rhodopsin by light; it is chrome yellow at pH 3.3-4.0 and pale yellow at pH 9.0-10.0. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indicator-dilution curve
Synonym for dye-dilution curve ... Graph of the serial concentrations (dilutions) of a dye, e.g., Evans blue, following its intravascular or intracardiac injection; useful in the diagnosis of congenital cardiac shunts, measurement of cardiac output, and detection of cardiovalvular incompetence. ... Synonym: indicator-dilution curve. ... (05 Mar 2000)< …

indicators and reagents
Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. Of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., colour, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for th …

indicatrix
<microscopy> A three-dimensional construction of the optical relationships in a crystal. Radii proportional in length to either refractive index or velocity may be used to represent variations in those values throughout a crystal (or oriented polymer fibres and films). ... (05 Aug 1998) ...

indices
Alternative plural of index. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indiction
1. Declaration; proclamation; public notice or appointment. 'Indiction of a war.' 'Secular princes did use to indict, or permit the indiction of, synods of bishops.' (Jer. Taylor) ... 2. A cycle of fifteen years. ... This mode of reckoning time is said to have been introduced by Constantine the Great, in connection with the payment of tribute. It was …

Indiella
Old name for Madurella. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indifference to pain syndrome
<syndrome> Congenital insensitivity to pain, possibly due to an absence of organised nerve endings in the skin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indifferent
1. Not maling a difference; having no influence or preponderating weight; involving no preference, concern, or attention; of no account; without significance or importance. 'Dangers are to me indifferent.' (Shak) 'Everything in the world is indifferent but sin.' (Jer. Taylor) 'His slightest and most indifferent acts . . . Were odious in the clergym …

indifferent cell
An undifferentiated, nonspecialised cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indifferent electrode
In unipolar electrocardiography, a remote electrode placed either upon a single limb or connected with the central terminal and paired with an exploring electrode; the indifferent electrode is supposed to contribute little or nothing to the resulting record. ... Synonym: dispersing electrode, silent electrode. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indifferent genitalia
Reproductive organs of the embryo prior to the definitive sex formation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indifferent gonad
The primordial organ in an embryo before its differentiation into testis or ovary. ... See: indifferent genitalia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indifferent oxide
Synonym for neutral oxide ... An oxide that is neither an acid nor a base; e.g., water (hydrogen oxide, H2O). ... Synonym: indifferent oxide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indifferent tissue
Undifferentiated, nonspecialised, embryonic tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indifferent water
A mineral water containing only a small quantity of saline matter. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indifferentism
1. State of indifference; want of interest or earnestness; especially, a systematic apathy regarding what is true or false in religion or philosophy; agnosticism. 'The indifferentism which equalizes all religions and gives equal rights to truth and error.' (Cardinal Manning) ... 2. <psychology> Same as Identism. ... 3. A heresy consisting in an …

indigenous
Native, originating or occurring naturally in the place specified. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

indigested
1. Not digested; undigested. 'Indigested food.' ... 2. Not resolved; not regularly disposed and arranged; not methodical; crude; as, an indigested array of facts. 'In hot reformations . . . The whole is generally crude, harsh, and indigested.' (Burke) 'This, like an indigested meteor, appeared and disappeared almost at the same time.' (South) ... 3. …

indigestion
Non-specific term for a variety of symptoms resulting from a failure of proper digestion and absorption of food in the alimentary tract. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indigo
Origin: F. Indigo, Sp. Indigo, indico, L. Indicum indigo, fr. Indicus Indian. See Indian. ... 1. A kind of deep blue, one of the seven prismatic colours. ... 2. <chemistry> A blue dyestuff obtained from several plants belonging to very different genera and orders; as, the woad, Isatis tinctoria, Indigofera tinctoria, I. Anil, Nereum tinctorium, …

indigo blue
Synonym for indigo ... Origin: F. Indigo, Sp. Indigo, indico, L. Indicum indigo, fr. Indicus Indian. See Indian. ... 1. A kind of deep blue, one of the seven prismatic colours. ... 2. <chemistry> A blue dyestuff obtained from several plants belonging to very different genera and orders; as, the woad, Isatis tinctoria, Indigofera tinctoria, I. An …

indigo carmine
<chemical> 3,3'-dioxo-(delta-2,2'-biindoline)-5,5'-disulfonic acid disodium salt. An indolesulfonic acid that is used as a dye in renal function testing and as a reagent for the detection of nitrates and chlorates and in the testing of milk. ... Pharmacological action: dyes, indicators and reagents, renal agents. ... Chemical name: 1H-Indole-5- …

indigouria
Indiguria ... The excretion of indigo in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indinavir
<chemical> A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability. ... Pharmacological action: anti-HIV agents, HIV protease inhibitors. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

indirect
1. Not immediate or straight. ... 2. Acting through an intermediary agent. ... Origin: L. Indirectus ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

indirect agglutination
Synonym for passive agglutination ... Agglutination of particles that have been coated with soluble antigen, by antiserum specific for the adsorbed antigen. ... Synonym: indirect agglutination. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indirect assay
For antibody; an application of the ELISA method in which serum being tested for antibody is added to wells coated with known antigen; presence of antibody bound to the antigen coat can be determined by addition of immunoglobulin-specific antibody to which is linked the enzyme of the indicator system, followed by addition of substrate to the washed …

indirect bilirubin
<biochemistry> Free bilirubin that has not been attached to a glucuronide molecule. This results from the rapid breakdown of red blood cells. The haemoglobin molecule is normally converted to bilirubin. Greater than normal values of indirect bilirubin can be seen in erythroblastosis foetalis, haemolytic anaemia, sickle cell anaemia, transfusi …

indirect Coombs' test
A test routinely performed in cross-matching blood or in the investigation of transfusion reaction: test for patient's serum is incubated with a suspension of donor erythrocytes; if specific antibodies are present, they become attached to the antigen in donor's cells; after a washing with saline, Coombs' antihuman globulin is added; agglutination a …

indirect diuretic
A diuretic that acts by increasing cardiac function or by increasing the state of hydration. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indirect fluorescent antibody
The detection of antibodies to specific antigenic material in the substrate using fluorescent microscopy. Using fluorescent conjugated antibodies which are specific for a particular isotype of antibody, it is possible to distinguish IgG, IgA and IgM isotypes of specific antibodies using indirect fluorescent antibody. This sensitive technique is hig …

indirect fracture
A fracture, especially of the skull, that occurs at a point not at the site of impact. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

indirect haemagglutination test
Synonym for passive haemagglutination ... A kind of passive agglutination in which erythrocytes, usually modified by mild treatment with tannic acid or other chemicals, are used to adsorb soluble antigen onto their surface, and which then agglutinate in the presence of antiserum specific for the adsorbed antigen. ... Synonym: indirect haemagglutinati …

indirect immunofluorescence
<procedure> A method of immunofluorescence staining in which the first antibody, that is directed against the antigen to be localised, is used unlabelled and the location of the first antibody is then detected by use of a fluorescently labelled antiIgG (against IgGs of the species in which the first antibody was raised). The advantage is that …

indirect inguinal hernia
Synonym for inguinal hernia ... <surgery> The abnormal passage of an internal abdominal organ or structure through the inguinal canal. ... In males, this will result in a unilateral bulge in the scrotum, in females there will be unilateral swelling in the region of the labia majora. ... Inguinal hernias are classified as direct or indirect on th …