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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

inflexed
Bent inward. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

inflict
To give, cause, or produce by striking, or as if by striking; to apply forcibly; to lay or impose; to send; to cause to bear, feel, or suffer; as, to inflict blows; to inflict a wound with a dagger; to inflict severe pain by ingratitude; to inflict punishment on an offender; to inflict the penalty of death on a criminal. 'What heart could wish, wha …

inflorescence
The group or arrangement in which flowers are borne on a plant. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

inflow
Water (and pollutants) that enter sewage systems through street inlets, roof drains, and similar sources. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

influence
To control or move by power, physical or moral; to affect by gentle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to move; to persuade; to induce. 'Theseexperiments succeed after the same manner in vacuo as in the open air,and therefore are not influenced by the weight or pressure of the atmosphere.' (Sir I. Newton) 'This standing r …

influent
Waste water going into the sewage treatment plant. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

influenza
An acute viral infection involving the respiratory tract, occurring in isolated cases, in epidemics or in pandemics striking many continents simultaneously or in sequence. It is marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the pharynx and conjunctiva and by headache and severe, often generalised myalgia. Fever, chills and prostration are common. Inv …

influenza a
A particular genus of influenza virus. Prone to genetic variability, the influenza vaccine must be updated annually. ... Symptoms of influenza include fever, muscle aches, headache, malaise, chills, cough and sore throat. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

influenza a virus
The type species of the genus influenzavirus a, b that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

influenza a virus, avian
Strains of influenza a virus causing influenza in birds. Transmission is caused by close contact or is waterborne in aquatic species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

influenza a virus, human
Strains of influenza a virus causing influenza and sometimes pneumonia in humans. Transmission is by aerosol. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

influenza a virus, porcine
Strains of influenza a virus causing influenza and pneumonia in domestic pigs. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

influenza B
Influenza caused by strains of influenza virus type B; outbreaks are usually more limited than those due to influenza virus type A, although infections by the two types are clinically indistinguishable; occasionally associated with Reye's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

influenza b virus
Species of the genus influenzavirus a, b that cause influenza and other diseases in humans only. Antigenic variation is less extensive than in type a viruses (influenza a virus) and consequently there is no basis for distinct subtypes or variants. Epidemics are less likely than with type a and there have been no pandemics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

influenza bacillus
Synonym for Haemophilus influenzae ... <bacteria> Bacterium sometimes associated with influenza virus infections, causes pneumonia and meningitis. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

influenza C
Influenza caused by strains of type C influenza virus; the disease is milder than that caused by types A and B and has become uncommon in recent years. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

influenza meningitis
<pathology> A form of meningitis caused by the bacterium haemophilus influenza. Inflammation of the membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord can result after infection with this organism. Influenza meningitis occurs most frequently in children under 5 years old. Onset may be sudden or occur more slowly after an upper respirator …

influenza nostras
Synonym for endemic influenza ... Influenza, usually of a less severe type, occurring with some degree of regularity during the winter season, especially in the larger cities of the world. ... Synonym: influenza nostras. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

influenza type a
A common acute viral infection of the nasopharynx and respiratory tract which occurs in epidemic forms. A common cause is the Influenza a virus. Annual vaccination is recommended for those in high risk groups (health care workers, elderly and immunocompromised) for influenza infection. ... Common symptoms include runny nose, fever, weakness, headach …

influenza vaccine
A special vaccine which provides immunity to infection by a variety of Influenza viruses. The vaccine is updated annually due to the constant introduction of new viral strains. ... Flu vaccination programs are common in the elderly population and any other groups who are at increased risk of viral infection. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

influenza virus
<organism, virology> Member of the Orthomyxoviridae that causes influenza in humans. There are three types of influenza virus. ... Each type of virus has a stable nucleoprotein group antigen common to all strains of the type, but distinct from that of the other type; each also has a mosaic of surface antigens (haemagglutinin and neuraminidase) …

influenza virus vaccines
Influenza virus grown in embryonated eggs and inactivated, usually by the addition of formalin; both whole virus and subunit preparations containing haemagglutinins and neuraminidase are used; because of the marked and progressive antigenic variation of the influenza viruses, the strains included are regularly changed following various outbreaks of …

influenza viruses
Virus's of the family Orthomyxoviridae which cause influenza and influenza-like infections of humans and other animals; virus's included are influenza virus types A and B of the genus Influenzavirus, causing, respectively, influenza A and B, and influenza virus type C, which probably belongs to a separate genus and causes influenza C. ... (05 Mar 20 …

influenzal
Relating to, marked by, or resulting from influenza. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

influenzal pneumonia
Pneumonia complicating influenza, pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

influenzal virus pneumonia
Serious, often fatal form of pneumonia caused by a virus of the influenzal type. Occurs in epidemics and pandemics. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

influenzavirus a, b
A genus of orthomyxoviridae containing two major species (influenza a virus and influenza b virus) but many strains. A distinguishing feature is the various combinations of subtypes of the integral membrane glycoproteins haemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Hosts include several species of mammals and birds, with some interspecies transmission likely. …

influenzavirus c
A genus of the family orthomyxoviridae comprising viruses similar to types a and b but less common, more stable, more homogeneous, and lacking the neuraminidase protein. They have not been associated with epidemics but may cause mild influenza. Influenza c virus is the type species. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infold
1. To wrap up or cover with folds; to envelop; to inwrap; to inclose; to involve. 'Gilded tombs do worms infold.' (Shak) 'Infold his limbs in bands.' (Blackmore) ... 2. To clasp with the arms; to embrace. 'Noble Banquo, . . . Let me infold thee, And hold thee to my heart.' (Shak) ... Origin: Pref. In- in + fold ... Alternative forms: enfold. ... Source …

inform
1. To take form; to become visible or manifest; to appear. 'It is the bloody business which informs Thus to mine eyes.' (Shak) ... 2. To give intelligence or information; to tell. 'He might either teach in the same manner,or inform how he had been taught.' (Monthly Rev) To inform against, to communicate facts by way of accusation against; to denounc …

informal
1. Not in the regular, usual, or established form; not according to official, conventional, prescribed, or customary forms or rules; irregular; hence, without ceremony; as, an informal writting, proceeding, or visit. ... 2. Deranged in mind; out of one's senses. 'These poor informal women.' (Shak) ... Origin: Pref. In- not + formal. ... Source: Webste …

informatics
<study> The study of the application of computer andstatistical techniques to the management of information. In genome projects, informaticsincludes the development ofmethods to search databases quickly, to analyse DNA sequence information, and to predict proteinsequence and structure fromDNA sequence data. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

information centres
Facilities for collecting and organizing information. They may be specialised by subject field, type of source material, persons served, location, or type of services. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

information management
Management of the acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of information. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

information science
The field of knowledge, theory, and technology dealing with the collection of facts and figures, and the processes and methods involved in their manipulation, storage, dissemination, publication, and retrieval. It includes the fields of communication, publishing, library science and informatics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

information services
Organised services to provide information on any questions an individual might have using databases and other sources. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

information storage and retrieval
A branch of computer or library science relating to the storage, locating, searching, and selecting, upon demand, relevant data on a given subject. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

information system
Combination of vital and health statistical data from multiple sources, used to derive information and make decisions about the health needs, health resources, costs, use, and outcome of health care. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

information systems
Integrated set of files, procedures, and equipment for the storage, manipulation, and retrieval of information. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

information theory
An interdisciplinary study dealing with the transmission of messages or signals, or the communication of information. Information theory does not directly deal with meaning or content, but with physical representations that have meaning or content. It overlaps considerably with communication theory and cybernetics. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

informational RNA
Synonym for messenger RNA ... mRNA ...

informed consent
The agreement of a person (or his or her legally authorised representative) to serve as a research subject, in fullknowledge of all anticipated risks and benefits of the experiment. ... (22 May 1997) ...

informofers
Name suggested for the protein particles that appear when RNA is removed from nucleoprotein particles. ... Origin: information + -fer ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

informosome
<cell biology> Cytoplasmic complex of mRNA and nonribosomal protein. May protect the message from degradation during passage from nucleus to cytoplasm. ... Origin: Gr. Soma = body ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

informosomes
Name suggested for the bodies composed of messenger (informational) RNA and protein that are found in the cytoplasm of animal cells. ... Origin: information + G. Soma, body ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infra-
A position below the part denoted by the word to which it is joined. ... Origin: L. Below ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infrabulge
1. That portion of the crown of a tooth gingival to the height of contour. ... 2. That area of a tooth where the retentive portion of a clasp of a removable partial denture is placed. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infracardiac
Beneath the heart; below the level of the heart. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infracardiac bursa
<anatomy> A small serous sac sometimes present on the medial side of the base of the right lung in the embryo. ... See: pneumatoenteric recess, celomic bay. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infracerebral
Pertaining to that portion of the nervous system below the level of the cerebrum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraclavicular fossa
A triangular depression bounded by the clavicle and the adjacent borders of the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles. ... Synonym: fossa infraclavicularis, deltoideopectoral triangle, deltoideopectoral trigone, infraclavicular triangle, Mohrenheim's fossa, Mohrenheim's space, regio infraclavicularis, trigonum deltoideopectorale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraclavicular infiltrate
An incipient lesion of tuberculous infection. ... Synonym: Assmann's tuberculous infiltrate. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraclavicular triangle
Synonym for infraclavicular fossa ... A triangular depression bounded by the clavicle and the adjacent borders of the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles. ... Synonym: fossa infraclavicularis, deltoideopectoral triangle, deltoideopectoral trigone, infraclavicular triangle, Mohrenheim's fossa, Mohrenheim's space, regio infraclavicularis, trigonum del …

infraclinoid aneurysm
An intracranial aneurysm occurring below the level of the anterior clinoid process of the sphenoid bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraclusion
The state wherein a tooth has failed to erupt to the maxillomandibular plane of interdigitation. ... Synonym: infraocclusion, infraversion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infracortical
Beneath the cortex of an organ, mainly the brain or kidney. ... See: subcortical. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infracostal line
Synonym for subcostal plane ... A horizontal plane passing through the inferior limits of the costal margin, i.e., the tenth costal cartilages; it marks the boundary between the hypochondriac and epigastric regions superiorly and the lateral and umbilical regions inferiorly. ... Synonym: planum subcostale, infracostal line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infracotyloid
Below the acetabulum or cotyloid cavity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infracristal
Below the supraventricular crest; usually used in reference to ventricular septal defect. ... Origin: infra-+ L. Crista, crest ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraction
A fracture; especially one without displacement. ... Synonym: infracture. ... Origin: L. Infractio, a breaking, fr. Infringere, to break ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infracture
Synonym for infraction ... A fracture; especially one without displacement. ... Synonym: infracture. ... Origin: L. Infractio, a breaking, fr. Infringere, to break ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infradentale
In craniometrics, the apex of the septum between the mandibular central incisors. ... Synonym: lower alveolar point. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infradian
Relating to biologic variations or rhythms occurring in cycles less frequent than every 24 hours. ... Compare: circadian, ultradian. ... Origin: infra-+ L. Dies, day ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infradiaphragmatic
Synonym for subdiaphragmatic ... Beneath the diaphragm. ... Synonym: infradiaphragmatic, subphrenic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraduction
Synonym for deorsumduction ... Rotation of one eye downward. ... Synonym: infraduction. ... Origin: L. Deorsum, downward, + duco, to lead ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraduodenal fossa
Synonym for retroduodenal recess ... A peritoneal recess occasionally found behind the third part of the duodenum, between it and the aorta. ... Synonym: recessus retroduodenalis, infraduodenal fossa, retroduodenal fossa. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraglenoid
Inferior to the glenoid cavity of the scapula. ... Synonym: subglenoid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraglenoid tubercle
A rough surface below the glenoid cavity of the scapula, giving attachment to the long tendon of the triceps. ... Synonym: tuberculum infraglenoidale, infraglenoid tuberosity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraglenoid tuberosity
Synonym for infraglenoid tubercle ... A rough surface below the glenoid cavity of the scapula, giving attachment to the long tendon of the triceps. ... Synonym: tuberculum infraglenoidale, infraglenoid tuberosity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraglottic
Inferior to the glottis. ... Synonym: subglottic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraglottic cavity
The part of the cavity of the larynx immediately below the glottis. ... Synonym: cavitas infraglotticum, aditus glottidis inferior, cavum infraglotticum, inferior laryngeal cavity, infraglottic space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraglottic space
Synonym for infraglottic cavity ... The part of the cavity of the larynx immediately below the glottis. ... Synonym: cavitas infraglotticum, aditus glottidis inferior, cavum infraglotticum, inferior laryngeal cavity, infraglottic space. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infragranular layer
The cellular band deep to the inner granular layer of the developing human cerebral cortex, which differentiates into the ganglionic layer and multiform layer by the sixth foetal month. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infrahyoid bursa
<anatomy> A bursa sometimes found below the inferior margin of the body of the hyoid bone between the sternothyroid muscle and the median thyrohyoid membrane. ... Synonym: bursa infrahyoidea. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infrahyoid muscles
The small, flat muscles inferior to the hyoid bone including the sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and levator muscle of the thyroid gland. ... Synonym: musculi infrahyoidei, strap muscles. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inframamillary
Relating to that which is situated below a nipple. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inframammary
Inferior to the mammary gland. ... Synonym: submammary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inframammary region
The region of the chest inferior to the mammary gland. ... Synonym: regio inframammaria. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inframandibular
Synonym for submandibular ... Beneath the mandible or lower jaw. ... Synonym: inframandibular, submaxillary. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inframarginal
Below any margin or edge. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infranatant
See: infranatant fluid. ... Origin: infra-+ L. Natare, to swim ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infranatant fluid
Clear fluid that, after the settling out of an insoluble liquid or solid by the action of normal gravity or of centrifugal force, takes up the lower portion of the contents of a vessel. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infranodal extrasystole
Synonym for ventricular extrasystole ... A premature contraction of the ventricle. ... Synonym: infranodal extrasystole. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraocclusion
Synonym for infraclusion ... The state wherein a tooth has failed to erupt to the maxillomandibular plane of interdigitation. ... Synonym: infraocclusion, infraversion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraorbital artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, third part of maxillary; distribution, upper canine and incisor teeth, inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles, lower eyelid, lacrimal sac, maxillary sinus, and upper lip; anastomoses, branches of ophthalmic, facial, superior labial, transverse facial, and buccal. ... Synonym: arteria infraorbitalis. ... (05 Mar 2 …

infraorbital canal
A canal running beneath the orbital margin of the maxilla from the infraorbital groove, in the floor of the orbit, to the infraorbital foramen; it transmits the infraorbital artery and nerve. ... Synonym: canalis infraorbitalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraorbital foramen
The external opening of the infraorbital canal, on the anterior surface of the body of the maxilla. ... Synonym: foramen infraorbitale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraorbital groove
A gradually deepening groove on the orbital surface of the maxilla, which leads to the infraorbital canal. ... Synonym: sulcus infraorbitalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraorbital margin
The inferior half of the orbital rim, or the lower border of the orbital opening, formed by the maxilla medially and the zygomatic bone laterally. ... See: orbital rim. ... Synonym: margo infraorbitalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraorbital nerve
<anatomy, nerve> The continuation of the maxillary nerve after it has entered the orbit, via the infraorbital fissure, traversing the infraorbital canal to reach the face; it supplies the mucosa of the maxillary sinus, the upper incisors, canine and premolars, the upper gums, the inferior eyelid and conjunctiva, part of the nose and the super …

infraorbital region
The region of the face below the orbit and alongside the nose on each side. ... Synonym: regio infraorbitalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraorbital suture
An inconstant suture running from the infraorbital foramen to the infraorbital groove. ... Synonym: sutura infraorbitalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infraorbitomeatal plane
Synonym for orbitomeatal plane ... A standard craniometric reference plane passing through the right and left porion and the left orbitale; drawn on the profile radiograph or photograph from the superior margin of the acoustic meatus to the orbitale. ... Synonym: auriculo-infraorbital plane, eye-ear plane, Frankfort horizontal plane, Frankfort plane, …

infrapalpebral sulcus
The hollow or furrow below the lower eyelid. ... Synonym: sulcus infrapalpebralis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infrapatellar
Inferior to the patella; denoting especially a bursa, a pad of fat, or a synovial fold. ... Synonym: subpatellar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infrapatellar fat body
Synonym for infrapatellar fat-pad ... The fatty mass that occupies the area between the patellar ligament and the infrapatellar synovial fold of the knee joint. ... Synonym: corpus adiposum infrapatellare, infrapatellar fat body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infrapatellar fat-pad
The fatty mass that occupies the area between the patellar ligament and the infrapatellar synovial fold of the knee joint. ... Synonym: corpus adiposum infrapatellare, infrapatellar fat body. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infrapatellar synovial fold
A fold of synovial membrane extending from below the level of the articular surface of the patella to the anterior part of the intercondylar fossa. ... Synonym: plica synovialis infrapatellaris, plica synovialis patellaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infrapsychic
Denoting ideas or actions originating below the level of consciousness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infrared
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths between 770 and 1000 nm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...