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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


inner
1. Further in; interior; internal; not outward; as, an spirit or its phenomena. 'This attracts the soul, Governs the inner man,the nobler part.' (Milton) ... 3. Not obvious or easily discovered; obscure. Inner house, the angle formed by the inner edges of a carpenter's square. ... Origin: AS. Innera, a compar. Fr. Inne within, fr. In in. See In. ... S …

inner cell mass
A group of cells found in the mammalian blastocyst that give rise to the embryo and are potentially capable of forming all tissues, embryonic and extra embryonic, except the trophoblast. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

inner dental epithelium
Inner enamel epithelium, the columnar epithelial layer of enamel matrix, secreting ameloblasts, of the odontogenic organ of a developing tooth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inner malleolus
Synonym for medial malleolus ... The process at the medial side of the lower end of the tibia, forming the projection of the medial side of the ankle. ... Synonym: malleolus medialis, inner malleolus, internal malleolus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inner membrane
The smaller of a double membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inner sheath
The material that encases the two central microtubules of the ciliary axoneme. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

inner table of skull
The inner compact layer of the cranial bones. ... Synonym: lamina interna cranii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innermost intercostal muscle
<anatomy> A layer parallel to and essentially part of the internal intercostal muscle but separated from it by the intercostal vessels and nerves.internal intercostal muscle for attachment, action and nerve supply. ... Synonym: musculus intercostalis intimus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innervation
1. <anatomy> The distribution or supply of nerves to a part. ... 2. <physiology> The supply of nervous energy or of nerve stimulus sent to a part. ... Origin: L. Nervus = nerve ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

innervation apraxia
Synonym for motor apraxia ... An inability to make movements or to use objects for the purpose intended. ... Synonym: cortical apraxia, innervation apraxia, limb-kinetic apraxia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innidiation
The growth and multiplication of abnormal cells in another location to which they have been transported by means of lymph or the blood stream, or both. ... See: metastasis. ... Synonym: colonization, indenization. ... Origin: L. In, in, + nidus, nest ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innocence
1. The state or quality of being innocent; freedom from that which is harmful or infurious; harmlessness. ... 2. The state or quality of being morally free from guilt or sin; purity of heart; blamelessness. 'The silence often of pure innocence Persuades when speaking fails.' (Shak) 'Banished from man's life his happiest life, Simplicity and spotless …

innocent
1. An innocent person; one free from, or unacquainted with, guilt or sin. ... 2. An unsophisticated person; hence, a child; a simpleton; an idiot. 'In Scotland a natural fool was called an innocent.' (Sir W. Scott) Innocents' day, Childermas day. ... 1. Not harmful; free from that which can injure; innoxious; innocuous; harmless; as, an innocent medi …

innocent bystander cell
The destruction of a cell by an immune process even though that cell was not directly targeted. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innocent murmur
Synonym for functional murmur ... A cardiac murmur not associated with a significant heart lesion. ... Synonym: innocent murmur, inorganic murmur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innocent tumour
Synonym for benign tumour ... <oncology> A nonmalignant clone of neoplastic cells that does not invade locally or spread to other parts of the body (metastasise), having lost growth control but not positional control. Usually surrounded by a fibrous capsule of compressed tissue. ... (29 Sep 1997) ...

innocuous
Harmless. ... Synonym: innoxious. ... Origin: L. Innocuus ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innominatal
Relating to the hip bone. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innominate
1. Having no name; unnamed; as, an innominate person or place. ... 2. <anatomy> A term used in designating many parts otherwise unnamed; as, the innominate artery, a great branch of the arch of the aorta; the innominate vein, a great branch of the superior vena cava. Innominate bone, in the Roman law, contracts without a specific name. ... Orig …

innominate artery
<anatomy, artery> An obsolete term for brachiocephalic trunk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innominate bone
Synonym for hip bone ... A large flat bone formed by the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis (in the adult), constituting the lateral half of the pelvis; it articulates with its fellow anteriorly, with the sacrum posteriorly, and with the femur laterally. ... Synonym: os coxae, coxa, coxal bone, innominate bone, os innominatum. ... (05 Mar 2000)
innominate cardiac veins
The small superficial vein's of the heart. ... Synonym: Vieussens' veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innominate fossa
A shallow depression between the false vocal cord and the aryepiglottic fold on either side. ... Synonym: fossa innominata. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innominate substance
The region of the forebrain that lies ventral to the anterior half or so of the lentiform nucleus, extending in the frontal plane from the lateral preopticohypothalamic zone laterally over the optic tract to the amygdala (amygdaloid body); rostrally it tapers off over the dorsal border of the olfactory tubercle, caudally it ends where the internal …

innominate veins
An obsolete term for brachiocephalic veins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innovation
1. The act of innovating; introduction of something new, in customs, rites, etc. ... 2. A change effected by innovating; a change in customs; something new, and contrary to established customs, manners, or rites. 'The love of things ancient doth argue stayedness, but levity and want of experience maketh apt unto innovations.' (Hooker) ... 3. <bota …

innoxious
Synonym: innocuous. ... Origin: L. In-noxius, fr. In, neg. + noceo, to injure ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

innuendo
Origin: L, by intimation, by hinting, gerund of innuere, innutum, to give a nod, to intimate; pref. In- in, to + -nuere (in comp) to nod. See Nutation. ... 1. An oblique hint; a remote allusion or reference, usually derogatory to a person or thing not named; an insinuation. 'Mercury . . . Owns it a marriage by an innuendo.' (Dryden) 'Pursue your tra …

Ino
Symbol for inosine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

ino-
An obsolete prefix for fibre, fibrous; replaced in most terms by fibro-. ... Origin: G. Is (in-), fibre ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inoculability
The quality of being inoculable. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inoculate
1. To graft by inserting buds. ... 2. To communicate disease by inoculation. ... 1. To bud; to insert, or graft, as the bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant. ... 2. To insert a foreign bud into; as, to inoculate a tree. ... 3. <medicine> To communicate a disease to (a person) by inserting infectious matter in the skin or flesh; as, to …

inoculation
Introduction of material (usually a vaccine) into the tissues. Mode of entry of bacteria into the body. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

inoculum
<cell culture> Cells added to start a culture or, in the case of viruses, viruses added to infect a culture of cells. Also for biological material injected into a human to induce immunity (a vaccine). ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Inocybe
<botany> A genus of mushrooms containing several species that have a high yield of muscarine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inopectic
Relating to inopexia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inoperable
Not suitable to be operated upon. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

inopexia
A tendency toward spontaneous coagulation of the blood. ... Origin: ino + G. Pexis, fixation, + -ia ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inorganic
Pertaining to substances not of organic origin. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

inorganic acid
An acid made up of molecules not containing organic radicals; e.g., HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inorganic chemicals
A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

inorganic chemistry
The science concerned with compounds not involving carbon-containing molecules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inorganic compound
A compound in which the atoms or radicals consist of elements other than carbon and are typically held together by electrostatic forces rather than by covalent bonds; often are capable of dissociation into ions in polar solvents (e.g., H2O). ... Compare: organic compound. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inorganic compounds
Those compounds lacking carbon but including carbonates and cyanides. Compounds not having the organised anatomical structure of animal or vegetable life. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

inorganic dental cement
A dental cement consisting usually of metallic salts or oxides which, when mixed with a specific liquid, form a plastic mass that sets. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inorganic murmur
Synonym for functional murmur ... A cardiac murmur not associated with a significant heart lesion. ... Synonym: innocent murmur, inorganic murmur. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inorganic phosphate
inorganic orthophosphate ...

inorganic pyrophosphatase
A phosphohydrolase catalyzing hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate to two orthophosphates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inosaemia
1. The presence of inositol in the circulating blood. ... Synonym: fibraemia. ... Origin: inose + G. Haima, blood ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inosamine
An inositol in which an -OH group is replaced by an -NH2 group. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inoscopy
The microscopic examination of biologic materials (e.g., tissue, sputum, clotted blood) after dissecting or chemically digesting the fibrillary elements and strands of fibrin. ... Origin: ino-+ G. Skopeo, to look at ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inose
A member of the vitamin B complex necessary for growth of yeast and of mice, absence from the diet causes hair loss and dermatitis in mice. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

inosinate
A salt or ester of inosinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inosine
The fifth base of nucleic acids. Important because it fails to form specific pair bonds with the other bases. In transfer RNAs, this property is used in the anticodon to allow matching of a single tRNA to several codons. PCR perfomed with primers containing inosine tolerates a limited degree of mismatch between primer and template, useful in homolo …

inosine 5'-diphosphate
Inosine esterified at its 5' position with diphosphoric acid. ... Acronym: IDP ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inosine 5'-triphosphate
Inosine with triphosphoric acid esterified at its 5' position; participates in a number of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. ... Acronym: ITP ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inosine diphosphate
<chemical> Inosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. ... Synonym: irpp; inosine pyrophosphate. ... Chemical name: Inosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

inosine monophosphate
<chemical> Inosine 5'-monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety. ... Chemical name: 5'-Inosinic acid ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

inosine pranobex
<chemical> An alkylamino-alcohol complex of inosine that may have some antiviral activity, probably due to its inhibition of viral protein synthesis and facilitation of the host's mRNA synthesis. ... Pharmacological action: adjuvants, immunologic, antiviral agents. ... Chemical name: Inosine, compd. With 1-(dimethylamino)-2-propanol 4-(acetylam …

inosine triphosphatase
<enzyme> Releases pyrophosphate + imp ... Registry number: EC 3.6.1.- ... Synonym: itpase, inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, itp pyrophosphohydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

inosine triphosphate
<chemical> Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: irppp. ... Chemical name: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

inosine-uridine hydrolase
<enzyme> From crithidia fasciculata; hydrolyzes the n-glycosidic bonds of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides ... Registry number: EC 3.2.2.- ... Synonym: inosine-uridine preferring nucleoside hydrolase, iu-nucleoside hydrolase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

inosinicase
<enzyme> An enzyme that functions in purine biosynthesis and catalyses the ring closure reaction that produces inosinic acid from 5'-phosphoribosyl 5-formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inosinyl
The radical of inosinic acid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inosite
A member of the vitamin B complex necessary for growth of yeast and of mice, absence from the diet causes hair loss and dermatitis in mice. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

inositide
Term used for phosphatidylinositol or any inositol-containing phospholipid. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inositol
A cyclic hexahydric alcohol with 6 possible isomers. The biologically active form is myo inositol. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
<chemical> Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase c on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These ca …

inositol 3 kinase
<enzyme> See phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

inositol hexakisphosphate kinase
<enzyme> 54-kD enzyme that catalyses formation of diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (pp-ip5) from inositol hexakisphosphate; the reverse reaction acts as an ATP synthase ... Registry number: EC 2.7.4.- ... Synonym: ip(6) kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

inositol lipid
A membrane-anchored phospholipid that transduces hormonal signals by stimulating the release of any of several chemical messengers. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

inositol NAD epimerase
<enzyme> Converts myo-inositol to scyllo-inositol and neoinositol; inosose also formed and reverse reaction ... Registry number: EC 1.1.1.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

inositol O-methyltransferase
<enzyme> From mesembryanthemum crystallinum; uses s-adenosyl-l-methionine to methylate myo-inositol to form d-ononitol; monomeric mass 41 kD; has been sequenced ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.- ... Synonym: myo-inositol o-methyltransferase, imt1 enzyme ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

inositol pentakisphosphate kinase
<enzyme> Has pronounced substrate specificity for d-inositol-1,2,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate which it converts to inositol hexakisphosphate ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: insp5 kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

inositol phosphate
Virtually all of the possible phosphorylated states of inositol have been reported to occur in living tissues. The hexaphosphate, phytic acid, is abundant in many plant tissues and is a powerful calcium chelator. ... See: phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

inositol phosphates
Phosphoric acid esters of inositol. They include mono- and polyphosphoric acid esters, with the exception of inositol hexaphosphate which is phytic acid. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

inositol trisphosphate
Inositol 1, 4, 5 trisphosphate is important as a second messenger. It is released from phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate by the action of a specific phospholipase C enzyme (PLC_) and binds to and activates a calcium channel in the endoplasmic reticulum. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase
<enzyme> A 46 kD enzyme from rat liver ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase, ins(3,4,5,6)p4 1-kinase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

inosituria
The excretion of inositol in the urine. ... Synonym: inosuria. ... Origin: inositol + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inosuria
Synonym: inosituria. ... 2. The occurrence of fibrin in the urine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inotophoretic sweat test
<investigation> A test used to diagnose cystic fibrosis. Two metal electrodes are placed on the skin of an arm or leg. Very low voltage electricity is used (only a tingling is felt) to measure the concentration of sodium and chloride in the sweat. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

inotropic
<cardiology, physiology> Affecting the force or energy of muscular contractions. ... Origin: Gr. Trepein = to turn or influence ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

inotropic agent
Drugs that increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscle; examples include digitalis glycosides, amrinone, and epinephrine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inoviridae
A family of rod-shaped or filamentous bacteriophages consisting of single-stranded DNA. There are two genera: inovirus and plectrovirus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

inovirus
A genus of filamentous bacteriophages of the family inoviridae. Organisms of this genus infect enterobacteria, pseudomonas, vibrio, and xanthomonas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

inpatients
Persons admitted to health facilities which provide board and room, for the purpose of observation, care, diagnosis or treatment. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

inquest
A legal inquiry into the cause of sudden, violent, or mysterious death. ... Origin: L. In, in, + quaero, pp. Quaesitus, to seek ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inquiline parasite
See: inquiline. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inquiry
Origin: See Inquire ... Alternative forms: enquiry. ... 1. The act of inquiring; a seeking for information by asking questions; interrogation; a question or questioning. 'He could no path nor track of foot descry, Nor by inquiry learn, nor guess by aim.' (Spenser) 'The men which were sent from Cornelius had made inquiry for Simon's house, and stood b …

inquisition
1. The act of inquiring; inquiry; search; examination; inspection; investigation. 'As I could learn through earnest inquisition.' (Latimer) 'Let not search and inquisition quail To bring again these foolish runaways.' (Shak) ... 2. Judicial inquiry; official examination; inquest. The finding of a jury, especially such a finding under a writ of inqui …

inracinate
To enroot or implant. ... Origin: F. Racine root: cf. F. Enraciner. ... (27 Oct 1998) ...

insalubrious
Unwholesome; unhealthful; usually in reference to climate. ... Origin: L. In-salubris, unwholesome ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

insane
1. Of unsound mind; severely mentally impaired; deranged; crazy. ... 2. Relating to insanity. ... Origin: L. In-neg. + sanus, sound, sane ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

insanitary
Injurious to health, usually in reference to an unclean or contaminated environment. ... Synonym: unsanitary. ... Origin: L. In-neg. + sanus, sound ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

insanity
1. The state of being insane; unsoundness or derangement of mind; madness; lunacy. 'All power of fancy overreason is a degree of insanity.' (Johnson) 'Without grace The heart's insanity admits no cure.' (Cowper) ... 2. Such a mental condition, as, either from the existence of delusions, or from incapacity to distinguish between right and wrong, with …

insanity defense
A legal concept that a person cannot be convicted of a crime if he lacked criminal responsibility by reason of insanity, which term is defined as a matter of law. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

inscribe
1. To write or engrave; to mark down as something to be read; to imprint. 'Inscribe a verse on this relenting stone.' (Pope) ... 2. To mark with letters, charakters, or words. 'O let thy once lov'd friend inscribe thy stone.' (Pope) ... 3. To assign or address to; to commend to by a shot address; to dedicate informally; as, to inscribe an ode to a fr …

inscriptio
Synonym: inscription. ... Origin: L. Fr. In-scribo, pp. -scriptus, to write on ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inscriptio tendinea
tendinous intersection ...

inscription
1. The act or process of inscribing. ... 2. That which is inscribed; something written or engraved; especially, a word or words written or engraved on a solid substance for preservation or public inspection; as, inscriptions on monuments, pillars, coins, medals, etc. ... 3. <anatomy> A line of division or intersection; as, the tendinous inscrip …