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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

infauna
Aquatic animals living within the matrix of bottom sediment. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

infaust
Unfavourable. ... Origin: L. Infaustus = unlucky ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

infect
1. To taint with morbid matter or any pestilential or noxious substance or effluvium by which disease is produced; as, to infect a lancet; to infect an apartment. ... 2. To affect with infectious disease; to communicate infection to; as, infected with the plague. 'Them that were left alive being infected with this disease.' (Sir T. North) ... 3. To c …

infected
<epidemiology> N. , A host who has an infection. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

infected abortion
A septic complication of an abortion. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infection
1. <microbiology> Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or result in local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication or antigen antibody response. The infection may remain localised, subclinical and temporary if the bodys defensive mechanisms ar …

infection calculus
Synonym for secondary renal calculus ... A calculus associated with infection and/or obstruction, usually composed of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate). ... Synonym: infection calculus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infection control
Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, prevent, and control the spread of infections and their causative microorganisms. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infection control nurse
Synonym for nurse epidemiologist ... A registered nurse with additional education in the monitoring and prevention of nosocomial infections in the client population in an agency. ... Synonym: infection control nurse. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infection control practitioners
Physicians or other qualified individuals responsible for implementing and overseeing the policies and procedures followed by a health care facility to reduce the risk of infection to patients and staff. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infection control, dental
Efforts to prevent and control the spread of infections within dental health facilities or those involving provision of dental care. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infection immunity
The paradoxical immune status in which resistance to reinfection coincides with the persistence of the original infection. ... Synonym: concomitant immunity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infection thread
In the formation of root nodules, a cellulosic tube through which Rhizobium cells can travel to reach and infect root cells. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

infection-exhaustion psychosis
A psychosis following an acute infection, shock, or chronic intoxication; begins as delirium followed by pronounced mental confusion with hallucinations and unsystematised delusions, and sometimes stupor. ... Synonym: febrile psychosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infection, urinary tract
An infection in the urinary system that begins when microorganisms cling to the opening of the urethra (the canal from the bladder) and begin to multiply. most utis are due to one type of bacteria, e. (escherichia) coli, a normal denisen of the colon. An infection in the urethra leads to inflammation called urethritis. From there bacteria may move …

infectiosity
Synonym for infectiousness ... The state or quality of being infectious. ... Synonym: infectiosity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious
1. Capable of being transmitted by infection, with or without actual contact. ... Synonym: infective. ... 3. Denoting a disease due to the action of a microorganism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious anaemia
Anaemia developing as a complication of infection; probably results from depressed formation and short survival of erythrocytes and abnormal iron metabolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious anaemia virus, equine
A species of lentivirus, subgenus equine lentiviruses (lentiviruses, equine), causing acute and chronic infection in horses. It is transmitted mechanically by biting flies, mosquitoes, and midges, and iatrogenically through unsterilised equipment. Chronic infection often consists of acute episodes with remissions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infectious avian bronchitis
A specific infectious disease of young birds, caused by infectious bronchitis virus, a member of Coronaviridae, and associated with blocking of respiratory passages by exudate; it is highly transmissible, and often causes heavy losses of young chicks and heavy production losses among older laying birds. ... Synonym: gasping disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) …

infectious bovine keratitis
A highly contagious keratoconjunctivitis that occurs in range or pastured cattle during the summer months, is transmitted most commonly by contact with infectious discharges, and is caused by Moraxella bovis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
A herpes virus infection of cattle characterised by inflammation and necrosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infectious bronchitis virus
An RNA virus of the family Coronaviridae and the type species of the genus Coronavirus, causing infectious avian bronchitis, being most pathogenic in chicks up to about 4 weeks of age; not to be confused with avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious bronchitis virus, avian
A species of coronavirus causing infections in chickens and possibly pheasants. Chicks up to 4 weeks old are the most severely affected. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infectious bulbar paralysis
Synonym for pseudorabies ... A highly contagious herpes virus infection affecting the central nervous system of swine, cattle, dogs, cats, rats, and other animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infectious bursal disease
A highly contagious acute disease of chickens caused by the infectious bursal disease virus and characterised by whitish diarrhoea, dehydration, prostration, and destruction of the bursa of Fabricius, compromising the bird's immune system. ... Synonym: Gumboro disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious bursal disease virus
A species of avibirnavirus causing severe inflammation of the bursa of fabricius in chickens and other fowl. Transmission is thought to be through contaminated feed or water. Vaccines have been used with varying degrees of success. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infectious canine hepatitis
A disease of dogs, caused by canine adenovirus 1, and characterised by fever, depression, loss of appetite, vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, petechial haemorrhages in the gums, pale mucous membranes, and jaundice. ... Synonym: hepatitis contagiosa canis, Rubarth's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious conjunctivitis
<ophthalmology> Inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye that results from infection with a virus. Adenovirus is a common cause of viral conjunctivitis. Occasionally referred to as pink eye. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

infectious coryza
An acute respiratory disease of chickens caused by the bacterium Haemophilus paragallinarum and characterised by nasal discharge, sneezing, and swelling of the face under the eyes; also occurs in pheasants, guinea fowl, and turkeys. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious disease
A disease resulting from the presence and activity of a microbial agent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious ectromelia virus
A virus belonging to the family Poxviridae morphologically similar to vaccinia virus, which occurs as a latent infection in laboratory mice, but which may be activated by stresses such as irradiation and transport to cause disease; inoculation into the footpad results in oedema and necrosis. ... Synonym: ectromelia virus, mousepox virus, pseudolymph …

infectious eczematoid dermatitis
An inflammatory reaction of skin adjacent to the site of a pyogenic infection; e.g., purulent otitis, the area around a colostomy, or intranasal infection; thought to be due to a local sensitization to the resident organisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious enterohepatitis
Synonym for histomoniasis ... A disease chiefly affecting turkeys, caused by Histomonas meleagridis and characterised by ulcerative and necrotic lesions of the liver and caecum, acute onset, and a high mortality rate. It is transmitted inside the eggs of the nematode Heterakis gallinae, which is primarily responsible for maintaining and spreading th …

infectious granuloma
Any granulomatous lesion known to be caused by a living agent; e.g., bacteria, fungi, helminths. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious hepatitis
Synonym for hepatitis A ... <virology> A form of viral hepatitis, known as infectious hepatitis, due to its ability to be spread through personal contact with oral secretions or stool. Virus will be shed in the stools of an infected individual 2-3 weeks prior to the onset of any symptoms. Hepatitis A may also be transmitted sexually. Symptoms …

infectious hepatitis immunization
See Immunization, hepatitis a. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infectious hepatitis virus
Synonym for hepatitis A virus ... <virology> An RNA virus (hepatovirus) in the family Picornaviridae, that is the causative agent of viral hepatitis type A. ... The virus replicates in hepatocytes and is presumed to reach the intestine via the bile duct. Transmission occurs by the faecal-oral route. ... Synonym: infectious hepatitis virus. ... (2 …

infectious icterus
Synonym for weil's disease ... A severe form of leptospirosis caused by leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohaemorrhagica and transmitted to man by the rat. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infectious jaundice
Sometimes used in referring to viral hepatitis type A. ... See: Weil's disease ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious mono
See infectious mononucleosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

infectious mononucleosis
<haematology, virology> Self limiting disorder of lymphoid tissue caused by infection with Epstein Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis). Characterised by the appearance of many large lymphoblasts in the circulation. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

infectious myositis
Inflammation of the voluntary muscles, marked by swelling and pain, affecting usually the shoulders and arms, though almost the entire body may be involved. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious myringitis
<otolaryngology> An infectious disorder of the eardrum resulting in painful blisters on the surface of the tympanic membrane. Can be a feature of otitis media caused by Mycoplasma infection. ... (13 Nov 1997) ...

infectious ophthalmia
Synonym for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis ... A disease of cattle caused by the bacterium Moraxella bovis and characterised by blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, lacrimation, and corneal opacity and ulceration. ... Synonym: infectious ophthalmia, pinkeye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious papilloma of cattle
Single or multiple rough nodules on the skin and mucous membranes caused by a papillomavirus; in young cattle, which are most susceptible, they are most numerous on the head, neck, and shoulders; in cows they usually affect the udder and teats. ... Synonym: cattle warts. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious papilloma virus
Synonym for human papilloma virus ... <virology> A disease caused by the human papilloma virus characterised by a soft wart-like growth on the genitalia (for example penis, vulva). In adults this infection is most commonly transmitted sexually. Genital warts are very common and are increasing in incidence. ... Safe sex practices, such as using …

infectious period
<epidemiology> The time period during which infecteds are able to transmit an infection to any susceptible host or vector they contact. Note that the infectious period may not necessarily be associated with symptoms of the disease. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

infectious plasmid
Synonym for conjugative plasmid ... Self-transmissible plasmid, a plasmid which encodes all the functions needed for its own intercellular transmission by conjugation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

infectious polyneuritis
Synonym for acute idiopathic polyneuritis ... <neurology, syndrome> Acute infective polyneuritis that results in a form of peripheral neuropathy with temporary loss of movement and sensation due to inflammation of multiple nerves and loss of myelin. ... The exact cause is unknown but has been associated with an abnormal immune response to viral …

infectious serositis
A contagious disease of young ducks and turkeys caused by the bacterium Pasteurella anatipestifer and characterised in ducks by ocular and nasal discharges, coughing and sneezing, and incoordination, and in turkeys by dyspnea, droopiness, lameness, and a twisted neck. ... Synonym: new duck disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious sinusitis of turkeys
See: chronic respiratory disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious synovitis
A disease of chickens and turkeys caused by the bacterium Mycoplasma synoviae and characterised by lameness with swollen hocks and foot pads. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectious warts
Synonym for verruca vulgaris ... A keratotic papilloma of the epidermis which occurs most frequently in young persons as a result of localised infection by human papilloma virus, usually types 2 and 4; the lesions are of variable duration, eventually undergoing spontaneous regression, and are both exophytic and endophytic, with hyperkeratosis, parak …

infectiousness
The state or quality of being infectious. ... Synonym: infectiosity. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infective
Capable of transmitting an infection. ... Synonym: infectious. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infective embolism
Synonym for pyaemic embolism ... Plugging of an artery by an embolus detached from a suppurating thrombus. ... Synonym: infective embolism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infective endocarditis
Endocarditis due to infection by microorganisms. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infective jaundice
Acute onset of malaise, fever, myalgia, nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, and icterus caused by members of the genus Leptospira. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infective thrombus
A thrombus formed in septic phlebitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

infectivity
1. The characteristic of a disease agent that embodies capability of entering, surviving in, and multiplying in a susceptible host. ... 2. The proportion of exposures in defined circumstances that result in infection. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inference
The logical process of passing from observations and axioms to generalizations; in statistics, the development of generalizations from sample data, usually with calculated degrees of uncertainty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferential statistics
Statistics from which an inference is made about the nature of a population; the purpose is to generalise about the population, based upon data from the sample selected from the population. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior
Of an ovary, at least partly below the level of attachment of the other floral parts. ... Compare: superior. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

inferior aberrant ductule
A narrow, coiled tubule frequently connected to the first part of the ductus deferens or to the lower part of the ductus epididymitis. ... Synonym: ductulus aberrans inferior, Haller's vas aberrans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior accessory fissure
The fissure that commonly separates the medial basal segment of the right lower lobe of the lung from the other basal segments, seen as an oblique line near the right heart border on chest radiographs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior alveolar artery
<anatomy, artery> Origin, 1st part of maxillary artery; distribution, through mandibular foramen/canal to lower teeth and chin; branches, artery to mylohyoid, mental artery, dental arteries. ... Synonym: arteria alveolaris inferior, inferior dental artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior alveolar nerve
<anatomy, nerve> One of the terminal branches of the mandibular, it enters the mandibular canal to be distributed to the lower teeth, periosteum, and gingiva of the mandible; a branch, the mental nerve, passes through the mental foramen to supply the skin and mucosa of the lower lip and chin. ... Synonym: nervus alveolaris inferior, inferior d …

inferior anastomotic vein
<anatomy, vein> An inconstant vein that passes from the superficial middle cerebral vein posteriorly over the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe to enter the transverse sinus. ... Synonym: vena anastomotica inferior, Browning's vein, Labbe's vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior angle of scapula
The acute angle formed by junction of the medial and lateral borders of the scapula. ... Synonym: angulus inferior scapulae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior articular facet of atlas
One of two concave surfaces on the lateral masses of the atlas that articulate with corresponding surfaces on the axis. ... Synonym: facies articularis inferior atlantis, fovea articularis inferior atlantis, inferior articular pit of atlas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior articular pit of atlas
Synonym for inferior articular facet of atlas ... One of two concave surfaces on the lateral masses of the atlas that articulate with corresponding surfaces on the axis. ... Synonym: facies articularis inferior atlantis, fovea articularis inferior atlantis, inferior articular pit of atlas. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior articular surface of tibia
The quadrilateral surface on the distal end of the tibia for articulation with the talus; it is concave anteroposteriorly and broader anteriorly. ... Synonym: facies articularis inferior tibiae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior basal vein
<anatomy, vein> Tributary to the common basal vein draining the medial and posterior part of the inferior lobe in each lung. ... Synonym: vena basalis inferior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
<anatomy> The inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle, attached to the superior border of the scapula. ... Synonym: venter inferior musculi omohyoidei. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior border
The caudal or lowermost margin of a structure. ... Synonym: inferior margin, margo inferior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior border of liver
The sharp border of the liver that separates the diaphragmatic and visceral surfaces. ... Synonym: margo inferior hepatis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior border of lung
The sharp border of the lung that separates the diaphragmatic surface from the costal and mediastinal surfaces. ... Synonym: margo inferior pulmonis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior border of pancreas
The border of the pancreas separating the inferior and posterior surfaces. ... Synonym: margo inferior pancreatis, margo inferior splenis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior branch
A branch directed downward (caudally) or which is lowly-placed, usually in contrast with another branch (superior branch) which is directed upward (rostrally) or is highly-placed. ... Synonym: ramus inferior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior branch of oculomotor nerve
<anatomy, nerve> Branch of oculomotor nerve providing motor branches to medial and inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscles and carrying presynaptic parasympathetic fibres which pass to the ciliary ganglion via the parasympathetic root. ... Synonym: ramus inferior nervi oculomotorii. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior branch of pubic bone
Synonym for ramus inferior ossis pubis ... inferior branch of pubic bone ...

inferior bursa of biceps femoris
The bursa between the tendon of the biceps femoris and the fibular collateral ligament of the knee joint. ... Synonym: bursa subtendinea musculi bicipitis femoris inferior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior calcaneonavicular ligament
Synonym for plantar calcaneonavicular ligament ... <anatomy> A dense fibroelastic ligament that extends from the sustentaculum tali to the plantar surface of the navicular bone; it supports the head of the talus. ... Synonym: ligamentum calcaneonaviculare plantare, inferior calcaneonavicular ligament, spring ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior cardiac vein
Synonym for middle cardiac vein ... <anatomy, vein> Begins at the apex of the heart (where it anastomoses with the great cardiac vein), and ascends within the posterior interventricular sulcus to the coronary sinus. ... Synonym: vena cordis media, inferior cardiac vein. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior carotid triangle
Synonym for muscular triangle ... The triangle bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, and the anterior midline of the neck; the infrahyoid muscles occupy most of it. ... Synonym: trigonum musculare, trigonum omotracheale, inferior carotid triangle, omotracheal triangle, tracheal triangle. ... (05 Mar 2000 …

inferior cerebellar peduncle
Large paired bundles of nerve fibres which develop on the dorsolateral surfaces of the upper medulla, extend under the lateral recesses of the rhomboid fossa and curve dorsally into the cerebellum medial to the middle cerebellar peduncle; composed of a larger (lateral) bundle, the restiform body, and a small (medial) bundle, the juxtarestiform body …

inferior cerebral surface
Synonym for base of brain ... The inferior surface of the brain visible when seen from below. ... Synonym: facies inferior cerebri, basis cerebri, inferior cerebral surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior cerebral veins
Numerous cerebral veins that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinuses. ... Synonym: venae cerebri inferiores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior cervical cardiac nerve
<anatomy, nerve> A nerve passing from the stellate ganglion to the cardiac plexus. ... Synonym: nervus cardiacus cervicalis inferior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior cervical ganglion
Inferior-most of the three ganglia of the cervical portion of the sympathetic trunk, occurring at the C7 vertebral level. Most commonly, it is fused to the first thoracic sympathetic ganglion to form a stellate ganglion. ... Synonym: ganglion cervicale inferius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior choroid vein
<anatomy, vein> A small vein draining the lower part of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle into the basal vein. ... Synonym: vena choroidea inferior. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior cluneal nerves
Branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve emerging from beneath the inferior border of the gluteus maximus to supply the skin of the lower half of the gluteal region. ... Synonym: nervi clunium inferiores. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior colliculus
The ovoid, paired, inferior eminence of the laminae of mesencephalic tectum; it receives the lateral lemniscus and projects by way of the brachium of inferior colliculus to the medial geniculate body of the thalamus, and is thus an essential way-station in the central auditory pathway. ... Synonym: colliculus inferior, corpus quadrigeminum posterius …

inferior costal facet
Demifacet on the lower edge of the body of a vertebra articulating with the head of a rib. ... Synonym: fovea costalis inferior, inferior costal pit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior costal pit
Synonym for inferior costal facet ... Demifacet on the lower edge of the body of a vertebra articulating with the head of a rib. ... Synonym: fovea costalis inferior, inferior costal pit. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior dental arch
The teeth supported by the alveolar part of the mandible, whether the 10 deciduous teeth or the 16 permanent teeth. ... Synonym: arcus dentalis inferior, mandibular dentition. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior dental artery
Synonym for inferior alveolar artery ... <anatomy, artery> Origin, 1st part of maxillary artery; distribution, through mandibular foramen/canal to lower teeth and chin; branches, artery to mylohyoid, mental artery, dental arteries. ... Synonym: arteria alveolaris inferior, inferior dental artery. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior dental canal
Synonym for mandibular canal ... The canal within the mandible that transmits the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels. Its posterior opening is the mandibular foramen. ... Synonym: canalis mandibulae, inferior dental canal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

inferior dental foramen
Synonym for mandibular foramen ... The opening into the mandibular canal on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible giving passage to the inferior alveolar nerve, artery, and vein. ... Synonym: foramen mandibulae, inferior dental foramen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...