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 mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197


hooklets
1. Clawlike, retractile chitinous hooks that encircle or line the rostellum of the scolex of certain taenioid tapeworms for attachment to the intestinal mucosa, with the additional aid of suckers; the hooklets's can be withdrawn and the rostellum inverted when the tapeworm moves. Various arrangements and forms of the hooklets characterise the famil …

hookworm
A parasitic intestinal infection caused most commonly by Necator americanus or Ancylostoma duodenale. Individuals may be asymptomatic and be carriers. Infection occurs when the larvae invade exposed skin, most commonly the feet. ... Symptoms can be similar to peptic ulcer disease. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

hookworm anaemia
Anaemia associated with heavy infestation by Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hookworm disease
See: ancylostomiasis, necatoriasis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hookworm infections
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus ancylostoma or necator, for which the specific terms ancylostomiasis and necatoriasis are available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hoop
1. A pliant strip of wood or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc. ... 2. A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese. ... 3. A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or other …

hoopoo
<zoology> A European bird of the genus Upupa (U. Epops), having a beautiful crest, which it can erect or depress at pleasure. Called also hoop, whoop. The name is also applied to several other species of the same genus and allied genera. Hoops. N. The game of basketball [Slang] Hoopster. N. Basketball player. [Slang. ... Origin: So called from …

hoose
Synonym for verminous bronchitis ... Bronchitis and bronchopneumonia caused by invasion of the bronchi by lungworms; occurs commonly in cattle, swine, and sheep, but rarely in other species. ... Synonym: hoose, husk. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hoover
<person> Charles F., U.S. Physician, 1865-1927. ... See: Hoover's signs. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hoover's sign
<clinical sign> The patient is asked to lie supine on a couch, and when asked to raise one leg, they involuntarily make counter pressure with the heel of the other leg. If this leg is paralysed, whatever muscular power is preserved in it will be exerted in this way, or if the patient attempts to lift a paralysed leg, counter pressure will be …

hop
1. A leap on one leg, as of a boy; a leap, as of a toad; a jump; a spring. ... 2. A dance; especially, an informal dance of ball. Hop, skip (or step), and jump, a game or athletic sport in which the participants cover as much ground as possible by a hop, stride, and jump in succession. ... 1. <botany> A climbing plant (Humulus Lupulus), having …

hopanoid
<cell biology> Hopanoid is a chemical component in the cytoplasmic membranes of many bacteria. ... Hopanoid is a pentacyclic saturated derivative of mevalonic acid (mevalonic acid is a key intermediate in cholesterol biosynthesis) and is assumed to be functioning in a similar way to sterols, which serve to stabilise the structure of eukaryotic …

hope
1. To desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable, with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of. 'We hope no other from your majesty.' (Shak) '[Charity] hopeth all things.' (1 Cor. Xiii. 7) ... 2. To expect; to fear. 'I hope he will be dead.' ... Hope is ofte …

hopeless
1. Destitute of hope; having no expectation of good; despairing. 'I am a woman, friendless, hopeless.' (Shak) ... 2. Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate; as, a hopeless cause. 'The hopelessword of 'never to return' Breathe I against thee, upon pain of life.' (Shak) ... 3. Unhoped for; despaired of. Hope'lessly, Hope'lessn …

Hopkins, Frederick
<person> An English biochemist and Nobel laureate. ... Lived: 1861-1947. ... See: Benedict-Hopkins-Cole reagent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hoplopsyllus anomalus
<entomology> A species of flea parasitic on ground squirrels of the western U.S., and a vector of plague. ... Origin: G. Hoplo, tool, weapon, + psyll, flea ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hopmann, Carl
<person> A German rhinologist. ... Lived: 1849-1925. ... See: Hopmann's papilloma, Hopmann's polyp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hopmann's papilloma
<otolaryngology> A papillomatous overgrowth of the nasal mucous membrane. ... Synonym: Hopmann's polyp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hopmann's polyp
Synonym for Hopmann's papilloma ... <otolaryngology> A papillomatous overgrowth of the nasal mucous membrane. ... Synonym: Hopmann's polyp. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hopper
1. One who, or that which, hops. ... 2. A chute, box, or receptacle, usually funnel-shaped with an opening at the lower part, for delivering or feeding any material, as to a machine; as, the wooden box with its trough through which grain passes into a mill by joining or shaking, or a funnel through which fuel passes into a furnace, or coal, etc, int …

hops
Synonym for humulus ... The dried fruits (strobiles) of Humulus lupulus (family Moraceae), a climbing herb of central and northern Asia, Europe, and North America; an aromatic bitter, mildly sedative, and a diuretic; primarily used in the brewing industry for giving aroma and flavor to beer. ... Synonym: hops. ... Origin: Mediev. L. ... (05 Mar 2000)
hoquet diabolique
Long-lasting intractable hiccups that persist for months or years. ... Origin: hoque, Fr., hiccough ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hordeivirus group
A group of plant viruses which primarily infect wheat, oats, and barley. They are rigid and rod-shaped, and are transmitted by seed and mechanically. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hordenine
A biogenic amine first isolated from barley; increases blood pressure. ... Synonym: anhaline. ... Origin: L. Hordeum, barley, + -in ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hordeolum
A swelling in the eyelid that results from the plugging of a eyelid gland. A stye. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

hordeolum externum
Inflammation of the sebaceous gland of an eyelash. ... Synonym: sty, stye. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hordeolum internum
An acute purulent infection of a meibomian (tarsal) gland. ... Synonym: acute chalazion, hordeolum meibomianum, meibomian sty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hordeolum meibomianum
Synonym for hordeolum internum ... An acute purulent infection of a meibomian (tarsal) gland. ... Synonym: acute chalazion, hordeolum meibomianum, meibomian sty. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Horecker, Bernard
<person> U.S. Biochemist, *1914. ... See: Warburg-Dickens-Horecker shunt. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horehound
<botany> A plant of the genus Marrubium (M. Vulgare), which has a bitter taste, and is a weak tonic, used as a household remedy for colds, coughing, etc. ... Alternative forms: hoarhound] Fetid horehound, or Black horehound, a disagreeable plant resembling horehound (Ballota nigra). Water horehound, a species of the genus Lycopus, resembling m …

horizon
1. The circle which bounds that part of the earth's surface visible to a spectator from a given point; the apparent junction of the earth and sky. 'And when the morning sun shall raise his car Above the border of this horizon.' (Shak) 'All the horizon round Invested with bright rays.' (Milton) ... 2. <astronomy> The unbroken line separating sk …

horizontal
1. Pertaining to, or near, the horizon. 'Horizontal misty air.' ... 2. Parallel to the horizon; on a level; as, a horizontalline or surface. ... 3. Measured or contained in a plane of the horizon; as, horizontal distance. Horizontal drill, a drilling machine having a horizontal drill spindle. Horizontal engine, one the piston of which works horizonta …

horizontal atrophy
A progressive loss of alveolar and supporting bone surrounding the teeth, beginning at the most coronal level of the bone. ... Synonym: horizontal resorption. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal beam film
A radiograph made with the central axis of the X-ray beam parallel to the floor, able to show an air-fluid level. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal cell
A type of nonspiking interneuron found in the retina, named for its morphology. Horizontal cells process the information from a large number of photoreceptors and synapse onto ganglion cells and other cell types in the retina. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

horizontal cell of Cajal
A small fusiform cell found in the superficial layer of the cerebral cortex with its long axis placed horizontally. ... Synonym: Cajal's cell. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal cells of retina
Cell's in the outer part of the inner nuclear layer of the retina that lie with their axes more or less parallel with the surface. They are thought to connect the rods of one part of the retina with cones of another part. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal classification
<zoology> Classification which stresses grouping together taxa in a similar stage of evolution, rather than location on the same phyletic line. ... See: Vertical classification. ... (09 Jan 1998) ...

horizontal fissure of cerebellum
Horizontal fissure that divides the ansiform lobule into its major parts, crus I (superior semilunar lobule) and crus II (inferior semilunar lobule). ... Synonym: fissura horizontalis cerebelli, great horizontal fissure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal fissure of right lung
Synonym for transverse fissure of the lung ... The deep fissure that separates the upper and middle lobes of the right lung. ... Synonym: fissura horizontalis pulmonis dextri, horizontal fissure of right lung, minor fissure. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal fracture
Synonym for Guerin's fracture ... A fracture of the facial bones in which there is a horizontal fracture at the base of the maxillae above the apices of the teeth. ... Synonym: horizontal fracture, Le Fort I fracture. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal growth phase
An early stage of development of cutaneous melanoma by intraepidermal spread of atypical melanocytes. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal osteotomy
<procedure> An osteotomy performed intraorally for genioplasty; the inferior aspect of the anterior mandible is advanced or retruded by movement of the free segment. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal overlap
The projection of the upper anterior and/or posterior teeth beyond their antagonists in a horizontal direction. ... Synonym: overjet, overjut. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal part of duodenum
pars horizontalis duodeni, inferior part of duodenum, pars inferior duodeni ...

horizontal part of facial canal
First portion of facial canal, between beginning of canal (at the introitus of the facial canal at the end of the internal auditory meatus) and the point at which it turns to descend, beginning the descending part. There are two components (crura) of the horizontal part: the medially-located, anteriorly-directed medial crus and the laterally-placed …

horizontal plane
Synonym for transverse plane ... A plane across the body at right angles to the coronal and sagittal plane's. ... Synonym: horizontal plane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal plate of palatine bone
The part of the palatine bone that forms the posterior part (approximately one third) of the bony palate. ... Synonym: lamina horizontalis ossis palatini. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal resorption
Synonym for horizontal atrophy ... A progressive loss of alveolar and supporting bone surrounding the teeth, beginning at the most coronal level of the bone. ... Synonym: horizontal resorption. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontal survey
<epidemiology> A study of a community, perhaps stratified by age, sex, ethnicity etc., but at one point in time or over a short time interval. ... Although a snapshot, horizontal surveys of prevalence and intensity within different age classes of a community can nevertheless provide valuable information on the rate at which hosts acquire infec …

horizontal transmission
<epidemiology> Transmission occurring generally within a population, but not including vertical transmission. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...

horizontal vertigo
Dizziness experienced on lying down. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horizontalis
Horizontal, referring to the plane of the body, perpendicular to the vertical plane, at right angles both to the median and coronal planes, that separates the body into upper and lower parts. ... Origin: L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hormesis
An effect where a toxic substance acts like a stimulant in small doses, but it is an inhibitor in large doses. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hormion
A craniometric point at the junction of the posterior border of the vomer with the sphenoid bone. ... Origin: G. Hormos, cord, chain, necklace ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hormogonal
Referring to a class of Cyanobacteria in which the cells grow in filaments. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hormonal
Pertaining to or of the nature of a hormone. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

hormonal gingivitis
Gingivitis in which the host response to bacterial plaque is presumably exacerbated by hormonal alterations occurring during puberty, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, or menopause. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hormonal therapy
Treatment of cancer by alteration of the hormonal balance. Some cancer will only grow in the presence of certain hormones. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hormone
<endocrinology> A naturally occuring substance secreted by specialised cells that affects the metabolism or behaviour of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone. Hormones may be hydrophilic, like insulin, in which case the receptors are on the cell surface or lipophilic, like the steroids, where the receptor can be intrace …

hormone antagonists
Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone receptor assay
A diagnostic test to determine whether a breast cancer's growth is influenced by hormones or if it can be treated with hormones. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

hormone replacement therapy
In females, treatment with sex hormones for a number for reasons, including menopause, partial or full hysterectomy, or amenorrhoea.In women, treatment with sex hormones is indicated for a number of reasons, including menopause, partial or full hysterectomy, or amenorrhoea. After menopause, conjugated oestrogens, estradiol, or estrone sulfate are g …

hormone therapy
Treatment which results in the raising or lowering of hormone levels. Changes in levels can effect some breast cancers, those that need hormones for growth. ... (16 Dec 1997) ...

hormone, aldosterone
Hormone produced by the outer portion (cortex) of the adrenal gland that regulates the balance of water and electrolytes (ions such as potassium and sodium) in the body. Aldosterone encourages the kidney to excrete potassium into the urine and to retain sodium, thereby retaining water. Aldosterone is classified as a mineralocorticoid hormone. ... (1 …

hormone, androgenic
Any hormone that promotes the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics. Testosterone is an androgen. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, cortisol
The primary stress hormone. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid in humans. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, glucocorticoid
A hormone that predominantly affects the metabolism of carbohydrates and,to a lesser extent, fats and proteins (and has other effects). Glucocorticoids are made in the outside portion (the cortex) of the adrenal gland and chemically classed as steroids. Cortisol is the major natural glucocorticoid. The term glucocorticoid also applies to equivalent …

hormone, mineralocorticoid
A group of hormones, the most important being aldosterone, that regulate the balance of water and electrolytes (ions such as sodium and potassium) in the body. The mineralocorticoid hormones act specifically on the tubules of the kidney. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, parathormone
Hormone made by the parathyroid gland (behind the thyroid gland in the neck). Parathormone (pronounced para-thor-mone) is critical to calcium and phosphorus balance. Deficiency of parathormone results in abnormally low calcium in the blood (hypocalcaemia). Also call parathyrin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, parathyrin
See Hormone, parathormone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, parathyroid
See Hormone, parathormone. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, progesterone
A female hormone, progesterone is the principal progestational hormone. Progestational hormones prepare the uterus (the womb) to receive and sustain the fertilised egg. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, secretin
Hormone made by glands in the small intestine that stimulates pancreatic secretion. The word hormone was coined by the english physiologists wm. M. Bayliss and ernest h. Starling in connection with their discovery of secretin, the first hormone, in 1902. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, t3
Triiodothyronine, a thyroid hormone. The number 3 is usually in subscript. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, thyroid stimulating
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland (at the base of the brain) that promotes the growth of the thyroid gland (in the neck) and stimulates it to produce its thyroid hormones. Normally, the rate of thyroid hormone production is controlled by the pituitary. When there are insufficient thyroid hormones in the body for normal functioning of the ce …

hormone, thyrotropin
A hormone produced by the pituitary gland (at the base of the brain) that promotes the growth of the thyroid gland (in the neck) and stimulates it. The suffix -tropin indicates an affinity for. Thyrotropin has an affinity for the thyroid. Thyrotropin is known also as thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, thyroxine
A chemical substance made by the thyroid gland the thyroid gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormones. Thyroxine (t4), one of the most important thypoid hormones, has four iodine molecules attached to its molecular structure. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, triiodothyronine
A hormone made by the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland uses iodine to make thyroid hormones. Triiodothyronine (t3) has three iodine molecules attached to its molecular structure. Iodine is found in seafood, bread, seaweed, and ordinary table salt. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone, tsh
Stands for Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. Also known as thyrotropin. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormone,t4
Thyroxine, a thyroid hormone. The number 4 is usually in subscript. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormones
Chemical substances having a specific regulatory effect on the activity of a certain organ or organs. The term was originally applied to substances secreted by various endocrine glands and transported in the bloodstream to the target organs. It is sometimes extended to include those substances that are not produced by the endocrine glands but that …

hormones, ectopic
Hormones released from neoplasms or cells outside the usual sources of hormones. Such hormones may be useful as tumour markers. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

hormonogenesis
The formation of hormones. ... Synonym: hormonopoiesis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hormonogenic
Pertaining to the formation of a hormone. ... Synonym: hormonopoietic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hormonopoiesis
Synonym: hormonogenesis. ... Origin: hormone + G. Poiesis, production ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hormonopoietic
Synonym for hormonogenic ... Pertaining to the formation of a hormone. ... Synonym: hormonopoietic. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hormonoprivia
An obsolete term meaning partial or total deprivation of hormones. ... Origin: hormone + G. Privus, deprived of ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hormonotherapy
Treatment with hormones. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

horn
1. A hard, projecting, and usually pointed organ, growing upon the heads of certain animals, especially. Of the ruminants, as cattle, goats, and the like. The hollow horns of the Ox family consist externally of true horn, and are never shed. ... 2. The antler of a deer, which is of bone throughout, and annually shed and renewed. ... 3. <zoology> …

horn fly
A major pest of cattle in the Northern Hemisphere that transmits the filarial parasite Stephanofilaria stilesi. ... Synonym: Haematobia irritans. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hornbeam
<botany> A tree of the genus Carpinus (C. Americana), having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard. It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and is also called ironwood. The English hornbeam is C. Betulus. The American is ... Synonym: blue beech and water beech. Hop hornbeam. ... <bota …

hornbill
<zoology> Any bird of the family Bucerotidae, of which about sixty species are known, belonging to numerous genera. They inhabit the tropical parts of Asia, Africa, and the East Indies, and are remarkable for having a more or less horn-like protuberance, which is usually large and hollow and is situated on the upper side of the beak. The size …

hornblende
<chemical> The common black, or dark green or brown, variety of amphibole. (See Amphibole) It belongs to the aluminous division of the species, and is also characterised by its containing considerable iron. Also used as a general term to include the whole species. ... <geology> Hornblende schist, a hornblende rock of schistose structure. …

horned
Furnished with a horn or horns; furnished with a hornlike process or appendage; as, horned cattle; having some part shaped like a horn. 'The horned moon with one bright star Within the nether tip.' (Coleridge) Horned bee, a large North American owl (Bubo Virginianus), having a pair of elongated tufts of feathers on the head. Several distinct variet …

horner syndrome
<syndrome> A complex of abnormal findings, namely sinking in of one eyeball, ipsilateral ptosis (drooping of the upper eyelid on the same side) and miosis (constriction of the pupil of that eye) together with anhidosis (lack of sweating) and flushing of the affected side of the face. Due to paralysis of certain nerves (specifically, the cervi …

Horner-Trantas dots
Evanescent white cellular infiltrates occurring in the bulbar form of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Horner, Johann
<person> Swiss ophthalmologist, 1831-1886. ... See: Horner's syndrome, Horner's pupil, Bernard-Horner syndrome, Horner-Trantas dots. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Horner, William
<person> U.S. Anatomist, 1793-1853. ... See: Horner's muscle, Horner's teeth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Horner's muscle
Synonym for lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi muscle ... <anatomy> See: orbicularis oculi muscle. ... Synonym: pars lacrimalis musculi orbicularis oculi, Duverney's muscle, Horner's muscle, musculus tensor tarsi. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...