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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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histotomeSynonym: microtome. ... Origin: histo-+ G. Tome, cut ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
histotope<immunology, molecular biology> A site on an MHC Class I or Class II antigen (see histocompatibility antigen) recognised by a T-cell. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
histotoxicRelating to poisoning of the respiratory enzyme system of the tissues. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
histotoxic anoxiaPoisoning of the respiratory enzyme systems of the tissues, as in the inhibition of cytochrome oxidase by cyanides; owing to the inability of tissue cells to utilise oxygen, its tension in arterial and capillary blood is usually greater than normal. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
histotrophThe part of the nutrition of the embryo derived from cellular sources other than blood. ... Compare: embryotroph, haemotroph. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
histotrophicProviding nourishment for or favouring the formation of tissue. ... Origin: histo-+ G. Trophe, nourishment ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
histotropicAttracted toward the tissues; denoting certain parasites, stains, and chemical compounds. ... Origin: histo-+ G. Tropikos, turning ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
histozoicLiving in the tissues outside of a cell body; denoting certain parasitic protozoa. ... Origin: histo-+ G. Zoikos, relating to an animal ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
histrionic personalityA personality in which a person, typically immature, dependent, self-centreed, and often vain, exhibits unstable, overreactive, and excitable behaviour intended to gain attention even though he or she may not be aware of this intent. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
histrionic personality disorderAn individual who is dramatic, engaging, self-centreed and attention seeking. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
histrionic spasmSynonym for facial tic ... Involuntary twitching of the facial muscles, sometimes unilateral. ... Synonym: Bell's spasm, convulsive tic, facial spasm, histrionic spasm, mimic convulsion, mimic spasm, mimic tic, palmus, prosopospasm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hitch1. To become entangled or caught; to be linked or yoked; to unite; to cling. 'Atoms . . . Which at length hitched together.' (South) ... 2. To move interruptedly or with halts, jerks, or steps; said of something obstructed or impeded. 'Slides into verse, and hitches in a rhyme.' (Pope) 'To ease themselves . . . By hitching into another place.' (Full …
hitchhikerA gene that has no selective advantage, or may even be harmful, but that nevertheless temporarily becomes widespread because it is closely linked and coupled with a highly advantageous gene that is strongly selected. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hitchhiker thumbsMalposition of the thumb's which as a result of shortness of the first metacarpal stand at right angles to the radial border of the hand and in the same place as it; a characteristic sign of diastrophic dwarfism. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hither1. To this place; used with verbs signifying motion, and implying motion toward the speaker; correlate of hence and thither; as, to come or bring hither. ... 2. To this point, source, conclusion, design, etc.; in a sense not physical. 'Hither we refer whatsoever belongeth unto the highest perfection of man.' (Hooker) Hither and thither, to and fro; …
HitzigEduard, German psychiatrist, 1838-1907. ... See: Hitzig's girdle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Hitzig's girdleSynonym for tabetic cuirass ... An analgesic or hypalgesic zone in the proximal thoracic region, found in tabetic neurosyphilis. ... Synonym: analgesic cuirass, Hitzig's girdle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HIVSynonym for human immunodeficiency virus ... <virology> A type of retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus) that is responsible for the fatal illness acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Two strains have been identified. ... Type 1: the retrovirus recognised as the agent that induces AIDS. ... Type 2: a virus closely related to HIV-1 that also le …
HIV antibodiesAntibodies reactive with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, previously called HTLV-III/lav) antigens of aids. This includes HIV-1 antibodies and HIV-2 antibodies. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV antigensAntigens associated with specific proteins of the human adult T-cell immunodeficiency virus (HIV); also called HTLV-III-associated and lymphadenopathy-associated virus (lav) antigens. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV core protein p24A major core protein of the human immunodeficiency virus encoded by the HIV gag gene. HIV-seropositive individuals mount a significant immune response to p24 and thus detection of antibodies to p24 is one basis for determining HIV infection by elisa and western blot assays. The protein is also being investigated as a potential HIV immunogen in vacc …
HIV encephalopathySynonym for AIDS dementia complex ... <immunology> A frequent cerebral condition in people with AIDS that results in the loss of cognitive capacity, affecting the ability to function in a social or occupational setting. ... Its cause has not been determined exactly, but may result from HIV infection of cells in the brain or an inflammatory reac …
HIV enhancerCis-acting regulatory sequences in the HIV long terminal repeat (ltr) which play a major role in induction or augmentation of HIV gene expression in response to environmental stimuli such as mitogens, phorbol esters, or other viruses. The HIV enhancer is the binding site for many cellular transcription factors including the nuclear factor nf-kappa …
HIV enteropathyChronic, well-established diarrhoea (greater than one month in duration) without an identified infectious cause after thorough evaluation, in an HIV-positive individual. It is thought to be due to direct or indirect effects of HIV on the enteric mucosa. HIV enteropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion and can be made only after other forms of diarrhoeal …
HIV envelope protein gp120External envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. It has a molecular weight of 120,000 kD and contains numerous glycosylation sites. Gp120 binds to cells expressing CD4 cell-surface antigens, most notably t4-lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. Gp120 has been shown to interfere with the normal fun …
HIV envelope protein gp160An envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus that is encoded by the HIV env gene. It has a molecular weight of 160,000 kD and contains numerous glycosylation sites. It serves as a precursor for both the HIV envelope protein gp120 and the HIV envelope protein gp41. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV envelope protein gp41Transmembrane envelope protein of the human immunodeficiency virus which is encoded by the HIV env gene. It has a molecular weight of 41,000 and is glycosylated. The n-terminal part of gp41 is thought to be involved in cell fusion with the CD4 antigens of t4 lymphocytes, leading to syncytial formation. Gp41 is one of the most common HIV antigens de …
HIV infectionsIncludes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru aids-related complex (arc), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV integrase<enzyme> Enzyme of the human immunodeficiency virus that is required to integrate viral DNA into cellular DNA in the nucleus of a host cell. HIV integrase is a DNA nucleotidyltransferase encoded by the pol gene. ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV integrase inhibitorsInhibitors of HIV integrase, an enzyme required for integration of viral DNA into cellular DNA. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV long-terminal repeatRegulatory sequences important for viral replication that are located on each end of the HIV genome. The ltr includes the HIV enhancer, promoter, and other sequences. Specific regions in the ltr include the negative regulatory element (nre), nf-kappa b binding sites , sp1 binding sites, tata box, and trans-acting responsive element (tar). The bindi …
HIV protease<enzyme> Enzyme of the human immunodeficiency virus that is required for post-translational cleavage of gag and gag-pol precursor polyproteins into functional products needed for viral assembly. HIV protease is an aspartic protease encoded by the amino terminus of the pol gene. ... Registry number: EC 3.4.23.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV protease inhibitorsInhibitors of HIV protease, an enzyme required for production of proteins needed for viral assembly. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV seronegativityImmune status consisting of non-production of HIV antibodies, as determined by various serological tests. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV seropositivityDevelopment of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have been exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/HTLV-III/lav). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV seroprevalenceStudies of the number of cases where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is present in a specific population at a designated time. The presence in a given individual is determined by the finding of HIV antibodies in the serum (HIV seropositivity). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV test<investigation> A test which is performed on a standard venipuncture blood specimen which detects the presence of antibodies to HIV (virus). This test may not be positive for 3 to 6 months after infection with HIV. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
HIV wasting syndrome<syndrome> Involuntary weight loss of greater than 10 percent associated with intermittent or constant fever and chronic diarrhoea or fatigue for more than 30 days in the absence of a defined cause other than HIV infection. A constant feature is major muscle wasting with scattered myofibre degeneration. A variety of aetiologies, which vary am …
HIV-1The type species of lentivirus and widely recognised as the aetiologic agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). It is characterised by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the t4-lymphocyte. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase<enzyme> HIV-1 enzyme responsible for the synthesis of DNA from genomic RNA of the virus. It is encoded by the pol gene of HIV-1. ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV-2An HIV species related to HIV-1 but carrying different antigenic components and with differing nucleic acid composition. It shares serologic reactivity and sequence homology with the simian lentivirus siv and infects only t4-lymphocytes expressing the CD4 phenotypic marker. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HIV-2 protease<enzyme> Processes hiv-1pr53(gag) and analogous junction peptides in vitro; less than 60% amino acid identity to hiv-1 protease ... Registry number: EC 3.4.23.- ... Synonym: hiv2 protease ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
HIV-2 reverse transcriptase<enzyme> Responsible for synthesis of double-stranded DNA from the genomic RNA of the virus; has rnase h and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities; was indexed as reverse transcriptase (87-91) ... Registry number: EC 2.7.7.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
hives<dermatology> This allergic skin eruption is characterised by multiple, circumscribed, smooth, raised, pinkish, itchy weals that can develop very suddenly almost anywhere on the body. ... Have also been known to develop in response to cold, heat, animal dander, insect bites, pollen or stress. Treatment often includes antihistamines and adrenal …
Hjarre, A<person> German pathologist, 1897-1958. ... See: Hjarre's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Hjarre's disease<veterinary> A granulomatous disease of the intestines and liver of chickens, due to coliform organisms. ... Synonym: coli granuloma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hl-60 cell<cell culture> A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Hl-60 cells lack specific markers for lymphoid cells but express surface receptors for fc fragment and complement. ... They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. ... (20 Jun 2000) ...
HLASynonym for human leukocyte antigen ... <immunology> A genetic fingerprint on white blood cells and platelets, composed of proteins that play a critical role in activating the bodys immune system to respond to foreign organisms. ... Acronym: HLA ... (16 Dec 1997) ...
HLA antigens<immunology> A complex family of genetically inherited proteins which are found on the surface of cells throughout the body. ... They determine the match between patient and potential donor in bone marrow transplantation. These factors are inherited from the mother and father and so the chance of having the same HLA antigens between siblings i …
HLA complex<immunology> The major histocompatibility complex in humans. ... See: human lymphocyte antigens. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HLA typing<immunology> Tests done in order to determine if a patient has antibodies against a potential donor's HLA antigens. The presence of antibodies means that a particular graft will be rapidly rejected. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HLA-a antigens<immunology> Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. at least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the a locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/org …
HLA-a1 antigen<immunology> Human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigen encoded by the a locus on chromosome 6. Individuals bearing this allele are more susceptible to hodgkin's disease. HLA-a1 is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-b8 and HLA-dr3. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-a2 antigen<immunology> Human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigen encoded by the a locus on chromosome 6. The HLA-a2 antigen is associated with recognition of the influenza a virus. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-a3 antigen<immunology> Human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigen encoded by the a locus on chromosome 6. The allele occurs with increased frequency in individuals with idiopathic haemochromatosis. HLA-a3 is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-b7 and HLA-dr2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-b antigens<immunology> Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus b of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-b27, -b7, -b8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like oth …
HLA-b27 antigen<immunology> Human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigen encoded by the b locus on chromosome 6. It is strongly associated with acute anterior uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis, and reiter's disease. ... Increased frequency of antigen in: ankylosing spondylitis (90%), Reiter syndrome (90%), enteropathic arthritis (75%), psoriatic arthritis (6 …
HLA-b35 antigen<immunology> Human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigen encoded by the b locus on chromosome 6. It is weakly associated with a number of diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-b7 antigen<immunology> Human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigen encoded by the b locus on chromosome 6. There is a weak association between the presence of the HLA-b7 antigen and the diseases of narcolepsy and idiopathic haemochromatosis. HLA-b7 is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-a3 and HLA-dr2. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-b8 antigen<immunology> Human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigen encoded by the b locus on chromosome 6. It is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-a1 and HLA-dr3. This explains the fact that though HLA-b8 was originally associated with several diseases, including coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, and myasthenia gravis, their association wi …
HLA-c antigens<immunology> Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) antigens encoded by a small cluster of structural genes at the c locus on chromosome 6. They have significantly lower immunogenicity than the HLA-a and -b determinants and are therefore of minor importance in donor/recipient crossmatching. Their primary role is their high-risk association wi …
HLA-d antigens<immunology> Human immune-response or class II antigens found mainly, but not exclusively, on B-lymphocytes and produced from genes of the HLA-d locus. They are extremely polymorphic families of glycopeptides, each consisting of two chains, alpha and beta. This group of antigens includes the -dr, -dq and -dp designations, of which HLA-dr is m …
HLA-dp antigens<immunology> A group of the d-related HLA antigens (human) found to differ from the dr antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-dq antigens<immunology> A group of the d-related HLA antigens found to differ from the dr antigens in genetic locus and therefore inheritance. These antigens are polymorphic glycoproteins comprising alpha and beta chains and are found on lymphoid and other cells, often associated with certain diseases. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-dr antigens<immunology> A group of d-related human leukocyte antigens that are polymorphic glycoproteins found on lymphoid cells. They consist of alpha and beta chains and their inheritance differs from that of the dq and dp antigens; their presence seems to be associated with certain skin diseases like pemphigus vulgaris, dermatitis herpetiformis, and …
HLA-dr1 antigen<immunology> Human immune-response, d-related antigen encoded by the d locus on chromosome 6 and found on lymphoid cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-dr2 antigen<immunology> Human immune-response, d-related antigen encoded by the d locus on chromosome 6 and found on lymphoid cells. It is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-a3 and HLA-b7 and is strongly associated with goodpasture syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and narcolepsy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-dr3 antigen<immunology> Human immune-response, d-related antigen encoded by the d locus on chromosome 6 and found on lymphoid cells. It is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-a1 and HLA-b8. The HLA-dr3 antigen is strongly associated with coeliac disease, grave's disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, early-age onset myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythema …
HLA-dr4 antigen<immunology> Human immune-response, d-related antigen encoded by the d locus on chromosome 6 and found on lymphoid cells. It is strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile diabetes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-dr5 antigen<immunology> Human immune-response, d-related antigen encoded by the d-locus on chromosome 6 and found on lymphoid cells. It is associated with kaposi sarcoma in aids and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-dr6 antigen<immunology> Human immune-response, d-related antigen encoded by the d locus on chromosome 6 and found on lymphoid cells. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HLA-dr7 antigen<immunology> Human immune-response, d-related antigen encoded by the d locus on chromosome 6 and found on lymphoid cells. It is strongly associated with coeliac disease and psoriasis vulgaris. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HMGSynonym for human menopausal gonadotropin ... A hormone of pituitary originally obtained from the urine of postmenopausal women now produced synthetically; used to induce ovulation. ... See: menotropins. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HMG CoA reductase inhibitorDrugs, such as lovastatin and pravastatin, which interfere with the biosynthesis of cholesterol; used to treat hyperlipidemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HMG-CoA<abbreviation> Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HMG-CoA reductase phosphatase<enzyme> Similar to phosphoprotein phosphatase, EC 3.1.3.16 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.- ... Synonym: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase phosphatase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
HMO<abbreviation> Hypothetical mean organism; health maintenance organization. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HMPAO<abbreviation> Hexametazime or hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HMS<abbreviation> Hypothetical mean strain. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hn proteinGlycoprotein from sendai, para-influenza, newcastle disease, and other viruses that participates in binding the virus to cell-surface receptors. The hn protein possesses both haemagglutinin and neuraminidase activity. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
HN2Symbol for nitrogen mustard. ... See: nitrogen mustards. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HNK-1 sulfotransferase<enzyme> Required for biosynthesis of hnk-1 epitope ... Registry number: EC 2.8.2.- ... Synonym: hnk-1-sulfotransferase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...
hnRNA<molecular biology> Primary transcripts from DNA from which introns are removed by splicing before the mRNA leaves the nucleus. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
HoSymbol for holmium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Hoagland's sign<clinical sign> Eyelid oedema in infectious mononucleosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hoar1. White, or grayish white: as, hoar frost; hoar cliffs. 'Hoar waters.' ... 2. Gray or white with age; hoary. 'Whose beard with age is hoar.' (Coleridge) 'Old trees with trunks all hoar.' (Byron) ... 3. Musty; moldy; stale. ... Origin: OE. Hor, har, AS. Har; akin to Icel. Harr, and to OHG. Her illustrious, magnificent; cf. Icel. Heith brightness of th …
hoarding1. A screen of boards inclosing a house and materials while builders are at work. 'Posted on every dead wall and hoarding.' (London Graphic) ... 2. A fence, barrier, or cover, inclosing, surrounding, or concealing something. 'The whole arrangement was surrounded by a hoarding, the space within which was divided into compartments by sheets of tin.' ( …
hoarseHaving a rough, harsh voice. ... Origin: A.S. Has ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hoarsenessAn unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hoaryCovered with a greyish layer of very short, closely interwoven hairs. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
hob1. The hub of a wheel. See Hub. ... 2. The flat projection or iron shelf at the side of a fire grate, where things are put to be kept warm. ... 3. <mechanics> A threaded and fluted hardened steel cutter, resembling a tap, used in a lathe for forming the teeth of screw chasers, worm wheels, etc. ... Origin: Prob. Akin to hump. Cf. Hub. ... Source: …
hobbiesLeisure activities engaged in for pleasure. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hobnail1. A short, sharp-pointed, large-headed nail, used in shoeing houses and for studding the soles of heavy shoes. ... 2. A clownish person; a rustic. ... <medicine> Hobnail liver, a disease in which the liver is shrunken, hard, and covered with projections like hobnails; one of the forms of cirrhosis of the liver. ... Origin: 1st hob + nail. ... So …
hobnail cellsCell's characteristic of a mesonephroma; a round expansion of clear cytoplasm projects into the lumen of neoplastic tubules, but the basal part of the cell containing the nucleus is narrow. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hobnail liverIn Laennec's cirrhosis, the contraction of scar tissue and hepatic cellular regeneration which causes a nodular appearance of the liver's surface. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hobnail tongueInterstitial glossitis with hypertrophy and verrucous changes in papillae; seen in some cases of late acquired syphilis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HobokenNicholas van, Dutch anatomist and physician, 1632-1678. ... See: Hoboken's gemmules, Hoboken's nodules, Hoboken's valves. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Hoboken's gemmulesSynonym for Hoboken's nodules ... Gross dilations on the outer surface of the umbilical arteries. ... See: Hoboken's valves. ... Synonym: Hoboken's gemmules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Hoboken's nodulesGross dilations on the outer surface of the umbilical arteries. ... See: Hoboken's valves. ... Synonym: Hoboken's gemmules. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Hoboken's valvesThe flangelike protrusions into the lumen of the umbilical arteries where they are twisted or kinked in their course through the umbilical cord. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
