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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary
Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary
Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK
Words: 116197
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hiatus semilunarisSynonym for semilunar hiatus ... A deep, narrow groove in the lateral wall of the middle meatus of the nasal cavity, into which the maxillary sinus, the frontonasal duct, and the middle ethmoid cells open. ... Synonym: hiatus semilunaris, hiatus ethmoidalis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hiatus subarcuatusSynonym for subarcuate fossa ... An irregular depression on the posterior surface of the petrous portion of the temporal bone just below its crest and above and lateral to the internal acoustic meatus. In the foetus, the flocculus of the cerebellum rests here; in the adult, a small vein enters the bone here. ... Synonym: fossa subarcuata, floccular f …
hiatus tendineusSynonym for adductor hiatus ... The aperture in the aponeurotic insertion of the adductor magnus that transmits the femoral artery and vein from the adductor canal to the popliteal space. ... Synonym: hiatus tendineus, hiatus adductorius, femoral opening, tendinous opening. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hiatus totalis sacralisDevelopmental clefting in all sacral vertebrae; may also involve adjacent lumbar vertebrae. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HIBSynonym for Haemophilus influenza b vaccine ... <virology> A vaccination that is given to infants to protect against infection with haemophilus influenza b, an important cause of neonatal sepsis. ... Typically administered at 2, 4, 6 and 15 months. Children who are aged 15 months to 5 years, who have not received the vaccine, should be given a …
hib immunizationThis vaccine is to prevent disease caused by the haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) bacteria. The h. Influenzae (h. Flu) bacteria can cause a range of serious diseases including meningitis with potential brain damage and epiglottitis with airway obstruction poisoning. The hib vaccine is usually given at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. A final booster is …
hib vaccineA vaccination that is given to infants to protect against infection with haemophilus influenza b, an important cause of neonatal sepsis. Typically administered at 2, 4, 6 and 15 months. Children who are aged 15 months to 5 years, who have not received the vaccine, should be given a single injection of haemophilus b conjugate vaccine. ... (27 Sep 199 …
hibernacle<plant biology, zoology> That which serves for protection or shelter in winter; winter quarters; as, the hibernacle of an animal or a plant. ... Origin: L. Hibernaculum a winter residence, pl. Hibernacula winter quarters: cf. F. Hibernacle. See Hibernate. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...
hibernaculaCaves or other structures used by bats for hibernation. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
hibernaculum<plant biology> A plant organ such as a bud, rhizome, turion, etc. Which allows a plant to live through adverse conditions. ... (26 Mar 1998) ...
hibernating glandSynonym for brown fat ... A thermogenic type of adipose tissue containing a dark pigment, and arising during embryonic life in certain specific areas in many mammals, including man. It is prominent in the newborn of all species in which it occurs and remains a distinct and conspicuous tissue in the adults of certain species, especially those that hi …
hibernationThe dormant state in which some animal species pass the winter. It is characterised by narcosis and by sharp reduction in body temperature and metabolic activity and by a depression of vital signs. It is a natural physiological process in many warm-blooded animals. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hibernoma<tumour> A rare type of benign neoplasm in human beings, consisting of brown fat that resembles the fat in certain hibernating animals; individual tumour cells contain multiple lipid droplets. ... See: brown fat. ... Origin: L. Hibernus, pertaining to winter, + G. -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hiccough<physiology> A modified respiratory movement; a spasmodic inspiration, consisting of a sudden contraction of the diaphragm, accompanied with closure of the glottis, so that further entrance of air is prevented, while the impulse of the column of air entering and striking upon the closed glottis produces a sound, or hiccough. ... Alternative fo …
hiccupA diaphragmatic spasm causing a sudden inhalation which is interrupted by a spasmodic closure of the glottis, producing a noise. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hiccupsSpasmodic contractions of the diaphragm that are involuntary and often rhythmic. Usually just a minor nuisance, prolonged hiccups can become a major problem. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hickory<botany> An American tree of the genus Carya, of which there are several species. The shagbark is the C. Alba, and has a very rough bark; it affords the hickory nut of the markets. The pignut, or brown hickory, is the C. Glabra. The swamp hickory is C. Amara, having a nut whose shell is very thin and the kernel bitter. Hickory shad. ... <zo …
Hicks, John Braxton<person> ... See: Braxton Hicks. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
HIDASynonym for dimethyl iminodiacetic acid ... A radiopharmaceutical labelled with 99mTc, an early agent used for cholescintigraphy. ... Acronym: HIDA ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hiddenFrom Hide. Concealed; put out of view; secret; not known; mysterious. Hidden fifths or octaves, consecutive fifths or octaves, not sounded, but suggested or implied in the parallel motion of two parts towards a fifth or an octave. ... Synonym: Hidden, Secret, Covert. ... Hidden may denote either known to on one; as, a hidden disease; or intentionally …
hidden nail skinSynonym for eponychium ... 1. The thin, condensed, eleidin-rich layer of epidermis which procedes and initially covers the nail plate in the embryo. It normally degenerates by the eighth month except at the nail base where it remains as the cuticle of the nail. ... 2. The corneal layer of epidermis overlapping and in direct contact with the nail root …
hidden partSynonym for pars tecta ... <anatomy> An obsolete term, pars tecta duodeni, the part of duodenum covered by the root of the transverse mesocolon, the coalescence of the ascending mesocolon, and the root of the mesentery, pars tecta pancreatis, hidden portion of the pancreas; part of the pancreas covered by the root of the transverse mesocolon, …
hide1. The skin of an animal, either raw or dressed; generally applied to the undressed skins of the larger domestic animals, as oxen, horses, etc. ... 2. The human skin; so called in contempt. 'O tiger's heart, wrapped in a woman's hide!' (Shak) ... Origin: OE.hide, hude, AS. Hd; akin to D. Huid, OHG, ht, G. Haut, Icel. H, Dan. & Sw. Hud, L. Cutis, …
hidebound1. Having the skin adhering so closely to the ribs and back as not to be easily loosened or raised; said of an animal. ... 2. <botany> Having the bark so close and constricting that it impedes the growth; said of trees. ... 3. Untractable; bigoted; obstinately and blindly or stupidly conservative. ... 4. Niggardly; penurious. ... Source: Websters …
hidebound diseaseScleroderma (usually applied to extensive involvement). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidradenitis<dermatology> The inflammation of a sweat gland (usually of the apocrine type). ... The condition can be idiopathic or occur as a result of or in association with another underlying condition. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis is a relatively rare variant that has been reported in patients undergoing chemotherapy, usually for non-Hodgkin lymph …
hidradenitis axillaris of VerneuilAn axillary abscess. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidradenitis suppurativaThis is an illness characterised by multiple abscesses that form under the arm pits and in the groin area. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hidradenoma<tumour> A benign neoplasm derived from epithelial cells of sweat glands. ... Synonym: hydradenoma. ... Origin: G. Hidros, sweat, + aden, gland, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidradenoma papilliferumSynonym for papillary hidradenoma ... <tumour> A solitary benign tumour occurring in women usually in the labia majora, cystic and papillary, and composed of epithelium resembling that of apocrine glands. ... Synonym: apocrine adenoma, hidradenoma papilliferum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidro-Sweat, sweat glands. ... Compare: sudor-. ... Origin: G. Hidros ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidroaSynonym for hydroa ... Any bullous eruption. ... Synonym: hidroa. ... Origin: hydro + G. Oon, egg ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidrocystomaA cystic form of sweat gland adenoma (adenoma, sweat gland). It is produced by the cystic proliferation of apocrine secretory glands. It is not uncommon, occurring in adult life in no particular age group, with males and females equally affected. The commonest site is around the eye, particularly lateral to the outer canthus. It is cured by surgica …
hidromeiosisA decline in the rate of sweating during exposure to heat, especially that from warm baths. ... Origin: hidro-+ G. Meiosis, a lessening ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidropoiesisThe formation of sweat. ... Origin: hidro-+ G. Poiesis, formation ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidrosadenitisSynonym for hidradenitis ... <dermatology> The inflammation of a sweat gland (usually of the apocrine type). ... The condition can be idiopathic or occur as a result of or in association with another underlying condition. Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis is a relatively rare variant that has been reported in patients undergoing chemotherapy, u …
hidroschesisSuppression of sweating. ... Origin: hidro-+ G. Schesis, a checking ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidrosisThe production and excretion of sweat. ... Synonym: idrosis. ... Origin: G. Hidros, sweat, + -osis, condition ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidroticRelating to or causing hidrosis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hidrotic ectodermal dysplasiaCongenital dystrophy of the nails and hair with thickened nails and sparse or absent scalp hair; often associated with keratoderma of the palms and soles; teeth and sweat gland function are normal; autosomal dominant inheritance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hierarchy1. Any system of persons or things ranked one above the other. ... 2. In psychology and psychiatry, an organization of habits or concepts in which simpler components are combined to form increasingly complex integrations. ... Origin: G. Hierarchia, rule or power of the high priest ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hierarchy of termsIn radiology, the semantic concept of using different terms to describe anatomic or pathologic structures versus the resultant diagnostic images. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hierarchy, socialSocial rank-order established by certain behavioural patterns. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
hieroglyphic1. A sacred character; a character in picture writing, as of the ancient Egyptians, Mexicans, etc. Specifically, in the plural, the picture writing of the ancient Egyptian priests. It is made up of three, or, as some say, four classes of characters: first, the hieroglyphic proper, or figurative, in which the representation of the object conveys the …
hieromania<psychiatry> An obsolete term for pathologic religious fervor characterised by delusions with a religious content. ... Origin: G. Hieros, holy, + mania, insanity ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hierophobia<psychology> Morbid fear of religious or sacred objects. ... Origin: G. Hieros, holy, + phobos, fear ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
hierotherapyTreatment of disease by prayer and religious practices. ... Origin: G. Hieros, holy, + therapeia, therapy ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
Higashi, Ototaka<person> Japanese physician. ... See: Chediak-Higashi disease, Chediak-Steinbrinck-Higashi anomaly, Chediak-Steinbrinck-Higashi syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high1. Elevated above any starting point of measurement, as a line, or surface; having altitude; lifted up; raised or extended in the direction of the zenith; lofty; tall; as, a high mountain, tower, tree; the sun is high. ... 2. Regarded as raised up or elevated; distinguished; remarkable; conspicuous; superior; used indefinitely or relatively, and oft …
high altitude cerebral oedema<physiology> A serious condition that results from the sudden increase in pressure within the brain due to swelling. This is thought to occur secondary to exposure to high altitudes, generally in excess of 12,000 feet. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...
high altitude chamberSynonym for altitude chamber ... A decompression chamber for simulating a high altitude environment, particularly its low barometric pressure. ... Synonym: high altitude chamber. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high altitude pulmonary oedema<physiology> The abnormal deposition of fluid into the lungs that occurs with exposure to lower barometric pressure and low oxygen. ... (12 Jan 1998) ...
high altitude sicknessA condition that results from the exposure to lower barometric pressure (lower oxygen concentration). ... Synonym: acute mountain sickness. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
high blood cholesterolA condition where there is an above normal level of cholesterol in the bloodstream. A level of over 200 mg/dl is known to be a risk factor for heart disease. Less than 200 is desirable, 200 to 239 is considered borderline high, over 240 is considered high. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...
high blood pressureSynonym for hypertension ... <cardiology> Persistently high arterial blood pressure. Hypertension may have no known cause (essential or idiopathic hypertension) or be associated with other primary diseases (secondary hypertension). ... This condition is considered a risk factor for the development of heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, …
high blood triglycerideSynonym for hypertriglyceridaemia ... <biochemistry> Elevation of triglycerides, a fatty substance found in the bloodstream. Normal triglyceride blood levels should be 10-150 milligrams per decilitre. Elevations of the triglyceride level (particularly in association with elevated cholesterol) have been correlated with the development of athero …
high convexThe segment of a sphere of short radius. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high density lipoprotein<biochemistry> These lipoproteins acts to carry cholesterol in the bloodstream. ... Raised high density lipoprotein levels have been correlated with a lower risk for heart disease. Less than 35 mg/dl is considered a positive risk factor for coronary artery disease, over 60 mg/dl is considered a negative risk factor (reduces your risk of heart …
high dose toleranceThe induction of tolerance by exposure to high doses of antigen. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high enemaAn enema instilled high up into the colon. ... Synonym: enteroclysis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high energy bond<chemistry> Chemical bonds that release more than 25kJ/mol on hydrolysis: their importance is that the energy can be used to transfer the hydrolysed residue to another compound. The risk in using the term is that students may think the bond itself is different in some way, whereas it is the compound that matters. Hydrolysis of creatine phosph …
high energy compoundsClassically, a group of phosphoric esters whose hydrolysis takes place with a standard free energy change of -5 to -15 kcal/mol (or, -20 to -63 kJ/mol) (in contrast to -1 to -4 kcal/mol or, -4 to -17 kJ/mol) for simple phosphoric esters like glucose-6-phosphate or alpha-glycerophosphates), thus being capable of driving energy-consuming reactions in …
high energy phosphate bondSee: high energy phosphates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high energy phosphatesThose phosphate's that, on hydrolysis, yield an unusually large amount of energy; e.g., nucleotide polyphosphates such as ATP, enol phosphate's such as phosphoenolpyruvate. ... See: high energy compounds. ... Synonym: energy-rich phosphates. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high extinction microscopy<technique> Polarized-light, interference, fluorescence, and other modes of microscopy using polarization rectifiers and other devices to achieve a high degree of back- ground extinction in order to bring out the signal originating from a very small degree of birefringence, optical path difference, fluorescence etc. ... (05 Aug 1998) ...
high forceps deliveryDelivery by forceps applied to the foetal head before engagement has taken place. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high frequency currentAn alternating electric current having a frequency of 10,000 or more per second; it produces no muscular contractions and does not affect the sensory nerves. ... Synonym: d'Arsonval current, Tesla current. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high frequency deafnessSelective loss of hearing acuity for high frequencies, usually associated with neurosensory damage; common in acoustic trauma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high frequency recombination strainA type of bacterial strain which is able to pass on genetic information to neighboring bacteria at a high rate. The high-frequency recombination strain (Hfr) is able to do this because it possesses the f plasmid and can therefore initiate bacterial conjugation. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
high frequency transductionSpecialised transduction in which the donor bacterium contains not only the transducing, defective probacteriophage but also nondefective prophage that serves as 'helper' virus, enabling most of the defective prophage particles to develop sufficiently to function as transducing agents. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high lip lineThe greatest height to which the lip is raised in normal function or during the act of smiling broadly. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high lithotomySynonym for suprapubic lithotomy ... <procedure> Lithotomy in which the bladder is entered by an incision immediately above the symphysis pubis. ... Synonym: high lithotomy. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high mannose oligosaccharide<biochemistry> A subset of the N glycan chains that are added post translationally to certain asparagine residues of secreted or membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells, contain 5-9 mannose residues, but lack the sialic acid terminated antennae of the so called complex type. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
high mobility group proteinsFamily of small, nonhistone, nuclear proteins. Some appear to be involved in controlling transcription. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...
high osmolar contrast agentIonic water-soluble iodinated contrast media. ... Synonym: high osmolar contrast medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high osmolar contrast mediumSynonym for high osmolar contrast agent ... Ionic water-soluble iodinated contrast media. ... Synonym: high osmolar contrast medium. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high output failureHeart failure in which, despite relative myocardial insufficiency and consequent congestive heart failure, the cardiac output is maintained at normal or supernormal levels, as is sometimes seen in emphysema, thyrotoxicosis, etc. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high pressure nervous syndrome<syndrome> A syndrome of tremors, nausea, dizziness, and decreased motor and mental performance which develops in those who dive deeply (c. 1000 ft) usually breathing a mixture of oxygen and helium. Nitrogen is not a factor as it is in inert gas narcosis. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
high quality filter paperSynonym for chromatography paper ... Used in paper chromatography. ... Synonym: high quality filter paper. ... Congo red paper, paper impregnated with Congo red; used as a pH indicator, changing from blue-violet at 3.0 to red at 5.0. ... Filter paper, an unsized paper used in pharmacy and chemistry for filtering solutions; many varieties are used for p …
high resolution computed tomographyComputed tomography with narrow collimation to reduce volume-averaging and an edge-enhancing reconstruction algorithm to sharpen the image, sometimes with a restricted field of view to minimise the size of pixels in the region imaged; used particularly for lung imaging. ... Hypocycloidal tomography, body section radiography using a complex film and …
high spinal anaesthesiaSpinal anaesthesia in which the level of sensory denervation extends to the second or third thoracic dermatome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high steppage gaitA gait in which the foot is raised high to avoid catching a drooping foot and brought down suddenly in a flapping manner; often seen in peroneal nerve palsy and tabes. ... Synonym: equine gait. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high tide lineThe line of intersection of the land with the water's surface at the maximum height reached by a rising tide. The high tide line may be determined, in the absence of actual data, by a line of oil or scum along shore objects, a more or less continuous deposit of fine shell or debris on the foreshore or berm, other physical markings or characteristic …
high wineThe strong spirit obtained by rectification or redistillation of low wine in making whisky. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high-calorie dietA diet containing upward of 4,000 calories per day. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high-egg-passage vaccineLiving Flury strain rabies virus at the 180th to 190th level egg passage (embryonate eggs), used for vaccination of cattle and cats, low-egg-passage (LEP) vaccine: at the 40th to 50th passage level, containing 103 to 104 mouse LD50; nonpathogenic in dogs but retains some pathogenicity for cattle and cats. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high-energy shock wavesCompression waves of large amplitude, across which density, pressure, and particle velocity change drastically. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
high-fat dietA diet containing large amounts of fat. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high-fibre dietA diet high in the nondigestible part of plants, which is fibre. Fibre is found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Insoluble fibre increases stool bulk, decreases transit time of food in the bowel, and decreases constipation and the risk of colon cancer. Soluble fibre delays absorption of glucose, which helps to control blood sugar i …
high-frequency jet ventilationRespiratory support system used primarily with rates of about 100 to 200/min with volumes of from about one to three times predicted anatomic dead space. Used to treat respiratory failure and maintain ventilation under severe circumstances. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
high-frequency ventilationVentilatory support system using frequencies from 60-900 cycles/min or more. Three types of systems have been distinguished on the basis of rates, volumes, and the system used. They are high frequency positive-pressure ventilation (hfppv), high-frequency jet ventilation (hfjv), and high-frequency oscillation (hfo). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...
high-kV techniqueChest radiography using a kilovoltage of at least 125 kVp, usually 140-150 kVp, to reduce patient dose and increase latitude. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high-mobility group protein<protein> An HMG protein is one of a group of various different proteins which are somehow involved with chromatin, but which are not histones and whose exact function is not known. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...
high-pass filterA device or material that allows high frequency signals to pass while attenuating other signals. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high-pressure1. Having or involving a pressure greatly exceeding that of the atmosphere; said of steam, air, water, etc, and of steam, air, or hydraulic engines, water wheels, etc. ... 2. Urgent; intense; as, a high-pressure business or social life. High-pressure engine, an engine in which steam at high pressure is used. It may be either a condensing or a noncon …
high-pressure liquid chromatographySynonym for high-performance liquid chromatography ... <investigation> A lab technique, a type of column chromatography, which uses a combination of several separation techniques to separate substances at higher resolution. Extremely sharp peaks on the elution profile can be produced with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ... (09 O …
high-resolution bandingBanding, especially in prophase, which increases the clarity and number of discernible chromosome bands. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
high-resolution imaging<technique> High Resolution Electron Microscopy is phase contrast microscopy of the atomic structure of materials. In most crystalline inorganic materials and a number of polymeric materials HREM allows the imaging of individual atomic columns. The images can frequently be interpreted in terms of the projected crystal potential, although it i …
higher heating value(HHV) The maximum potential energy in dry fuel. For wood, the range is 7,600 to 9,600 Btu/lb. ... (05 Dec 1998) ...
higher order conditioningThe use of a previously conditioned stimulus to condition further responses, in much the same way unconditioned stimuli are used. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...
