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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

histidinal
The aldehyde analogue of histidine (-CHO replacing -COOH). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histidinase
Synonym for histidine ammonia-lyase ... <enzyme> An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyses the reaction of l-histidine to form urocanate and ammonia. The reaction is the initial step of histidine catabolism. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, causes histidinaemia. ... Chemical name: L-Histidine ammo …

histidine
<amino acid> An amino acid with an imidazole side chain with a pKa of 6-7. Acts as a proton donor or acceptor and has high potential reactivity and diversity of chemical function. Forms part of the catalytic site of many enzymes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

histidine ammonia-lyase
<enzyme> An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyses the reaction of l-histidine to form urocanate and ammonia. The reaction is the initial step of histidine catabolism. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, causes histidinaemia. ... Chemical name: L-Histidine ammonia-lyase ... Registry number: EC 4.3.1. …

histidine deaminase
Synonym for histidine ammonia-lyase ... <enzyme> An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyses the reaction of l-histidine to form urocanate and ammonia. The reaction is the initial step of histidine catabolism. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme, transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait, causes histidinaemia. ... Chemical name: L-Histidine ammo …

histidine decarboxylase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of histidine to histamine and carbon dioxide. It requires pyridoxal phosphate in animal tissues, but not in microorganisms. ... Chemical name: L-Histidine carboxy-lyase ... Registry number: EC 4.1.1.22 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histidine N-acetyltransferase
<enzyme> Synthesises nalpha-acetyl-l-histidine from l-histidine and acetylcoenzyme a ... Registry number: EC 2.3.1.33 ... Synonym: acetyl-CoA - l-histidine n-acetyltransferase, histidine acetyltransferase, coasac - l-histidine n-acetyltransferase, n-acetylhistidine synthetase ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

histidine permease
<chemical> Hisp, hism and hisq are membrane proteins found in histidine permease (the hisqmp2 complex); also contains the histidine-binding protein hisj ... Chemical name: permease, histidine ... Synonym: hisp protein, hism protein, hisq protein, hutm gene product, ee57d gene product ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

histidine-tRNA ligase
<enzyme> An enzyme that activates histidine with its specific transfer RNA. ... Chemical name: L-Histidine:tRNA(His) ligase (AMP-forming) ... Registry number: EC 6.1.1.21 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histidino
The radical of histidine produced by removal of a hydrogen from a nitrogen atom; prefixed by Na, N&tau;, or N&pi;. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histidinol
<chemical> Beta-amino-1h-imidazole-4-propanol. The penultimate step in the pathway of histidine biosynthesis. Oxidation of the alcohol group on the side chain gives the acid group forming histidine. Histidinol has also been used as an inhibitor of protein synthesis. ... Chemical name: 1H-Imidazole-4-propanol, beta-amino- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histidinol-phosphatase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of histidinol-phosphate to histidinol. One of the regulatory enzymes in histidine biosynthesis. ... Chemical name: L-Histidinol-phosphate phosphohydrolase ... Registry number: EC 3.1.3.15 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histidinuria
Excretion of considerable amounts of histidine in the urine; frequently observed in later months of pregnancy, and in histidinaemia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histidyl
The acyl radical of histidine. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histio-
Tissue, especially connective tissue. ... Origin: G. Histion, web (tissue) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histioblast
A tissue-forming cell. ... Synonym: histoblast. ... Origin: histio-+ G. Blastos, germ ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histiocyte
<pathology> Long lived resident macrophage found within tissues. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

histiocytic
Relating to or involving histiocytes (macrophages). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

histiocytic disorders, malignant
Distinctive neoplastic disorders of histiocytes. Included are acute monocytic leukaemias, malignant histiocytosis (histiocytosis, malignant), and true histiocytic lymphomas. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histiocytic lymphoma
<tumour> A malignant tumour of reticular tissue composed predominantly of neoplastic histiocytes. ... See: large cell lymphoma. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histiocytoma
<tumour> A tumour composed of histiocytes. ... Origin: histio-+ G. Kytos, cell, + -oma, tumour ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histiocytoma, fibrous
A tumour composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of histiocytes and with various fibroblastic components. There are many variants and many names. Superficially located histiocytic lesions behave benignly but deep, benign histiocytomas may invade locally into surrounding tissue. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anyw …

histiocytosis
A condition marked by the abnormal appearance of histiocytes (macrophages) in the blood. Lipid h., Niemann-Pick disease. Sinus h., a disorder of the lymph nodes in which the distended sinuses are completely or nearly completely, filled by histiocytes, as a result of active multiplication of the littoral cells. H. X, a generic term embracing eosinop …

histiocytosis x
An immunologic disorder of unknown cause where there is proliferation of histiocytes (a type of cell in the immune system) in the bloodstream. The disorder is characterised by inflammation of the bronchioles and small pulmonary vessels that leads to fibrosis and destruction of alveolar cell walls. Cigarette smoking is considered a risk factor. Indi …

histiocytosis Y
Synonym for verrucous xanthoma ... A papilloma of the oral mucosa and skin in which squamous epithelium covers connective tissue papillae filled with large foamy histiocytes. ... Synonym: histiocytosis Y. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histiocytosis, langerhans-cell
Group of disorders of histiocyte proliferation which includes letterer-siwe disease, hand-schueller-christian syndrome, and eosinophilic granuloma. Langerhans cells are components of the lesions. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histiocytosis, malignant
A rare, usually rapidly progressive disorder, characterised by abrupt onset, fever, weight loss, hepato-splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and lymphadenopathy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histiocytosis, non-langerhans-cell
Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active histiocytes and lymphocytes, but where the histiocytes are not langerhans cells. The group includes haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, infection-associated haemophagocytic syndrome, sinus histiocytosis, xanthogranuloma, reticulohistiocytoma, juvenile xanthoma, xanthoma disseminatum, as well …

histiocytosis, sinus
Benign, non-langerhans-cell, histiocytic proliferative disorder that primarily affects the lymph nodes. It is often referred to as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histiogenic
Synonym for histogenous ... Formed by the tissues; e.g., the histogenous cells in an exudate arising from proliferation of the fixed tissue cells. ... Synonym: histiogenic. ... Origin: histo-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histioid
Synonym for histoid ... 1. Resembling in structure one of the tissues of the body. ... 2. Sometimes used with reference to the histologic structure of a neoplasm derived from and consisting of a single, relatively simple type of neoplastic tissue that closely resembles the normal, as in certain fibromas and leiomyomas. ... Synonym: histioid. ... Origin …

histioma
Synonym for histoma ... <oncology, tumour> A histoma is any tumour which was derived from mature tissue. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

histionic
Relating to any tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histo-
Tissue. ... Origin: G. Histos, web (tissue) ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histo-blood group B transferase
<enzyme> Catalyses transfer of galactose from udp-galactose to glycoproteins and glycolipids; differs from a transferase by four amino acid residues ... Registry number: EC 2.4.1.- ... Synonym: b transferase, histo-blood group ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

histoangic
Relating to the structure of blood vessels, especially in terms of their function. ... Synonym: histangic. ... Origin: histo-+ G. Angeion, vessel ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histoblast
Population of small diploid epithelial cells in Dipteran larvae that do not form typical imaginal discs, yet resemble them in some ways. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

histochemistry
Study of the chemical composition of tissues by means of specific staining reactions. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

histocompatibility
If tissues of two organisms are histocompatible, then grafts between the organisms will not be rejected. If, however, major histocompatibility antigens are different then an immune response will be mounted against the foreign tissue. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

histocompatibility antigen
<immunology> A set of plasmalemmal glycoproteins on the surface of all nucleated cells that are crucial for T-cell recognition of antigens. Particularly the HLA system in humans and the H2 system in mice. They are the major antigens responsible for tissue recognition. For this reason, they are of prime importance in determining compatible org …

histocompatibility antigens
A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection. ... (12 Dec 1998 …

histocompatibility antigens class I
Large transmembrane, polymorphic glycoproteins noncovalently associated with nonpolymorphic beta 2-microglobulin. In humans, three structural genes on chromosome 6 code for the HLA-a, HLA-b and HLA-c antigens. In mice, three genes named k, d, and l on chromosome 17 code for the h-2 antigens. Class I antigens are found on most nucleated cells and ar …

histocompatibility complex
A family of fifty or more genes on the sixth human chromosome that code for cell surface proteins and play a role in the immune response.Histocompatibility genes control the production of proteins on the outer membranes of tissue and blood cells, especially lymphocytes, and are vital elements in cell-cell recognition. The proteins also determine th …

histocompatibility gene
In laboratory animals, a gene which can elicit an immune response and thereby cause rejection of a homograft when tissue is transplanted from one individual to another; in humans, histocompatibility gene's control HLA antigens. ... Synonym: H gene. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histocompatibility testing
Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant donors and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical abo blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for histocompatibility antigens in order to minimise the likelihood of allograft rejection. …

histocompatible
The prefix histo- means tissue. The term histocompatible is literally tissue compatible. If a donor and recipient are histocompatible (like identical twins), a transplant will be easily accepted. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histocyte
Synonym for histiocyte ... <pathology> Long lived resident macrophage found within tissues. ... (11 Jan 1998) ...

histocytochemistry
Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histocytosis
Synonym for histiocytosis ... A condition marked by the abnormal appearance of histiocytes (macrophages) in the blood. Lipid h., Niemann-Pick disease. Sinus h., a disorder of the lymph nodes in which the distended sinuses are completely or nearly completely, filled by histiocytes, as a result of active multiplication of the littoral cells. H. X, a g …

histodifferentiation
The morphologic appearance of tissue characteristics during development. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histofluorescence
Fluorescence of the tissues under exposure to ultraviolet rays following the injection of a fluorescent substance or as a result of a natural fluorescing substance. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histogenesis
<embryology> The process of formation of a tissue, involving differentiation, morphogenesis and other processes such as angiogenesis, growth control, cellular infiltration etc. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

histogenous
Formed by the tissues; e.g., the histogenous cells in an exudate arising from proliferation of the fixed tissue cells. ... Synonym: histiogenic. ... Origin: histo-+ G. -gen, producing ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histogram
1. A graphic columnar or bar representation to compare the magnitudes of frequencies or numbers of items. ... 2. Graphical representation of the frequency distribution of a variable, in which rectangles are drawn with their bases on a uniform linear scale representing intervals, and their heights are proportional to the values within each of the int …

histoid
1. Resembling in structure one of the tissues of the body. ... 2. Sometimes used with reference to the histologic structure of a neoplasm derived from and consisting of a single, relatively simple type of neoplastic tissue that closely resembles the normal, as in certain fibromas and leiomyomas. ... Synonym: histioid. ... Origin: histo-+ G. Eidos, res …

histoid leprosy
A form of lepromatous leprosy with lesions microscopically resembling dermatofibromas or other spindle-celled tumours. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histoid neoplasm
Old term for a neoplasm characterised by a cytohistologic pattern that closely resembles the tissue from which the neoplastic cells are derived. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histoid tumour
Old term for a tumour composed of a single type of differentiated tissue. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histoincompatibility
<immunology> The rejection of tissue grafts by the host's immune system because the donor of the tissue has histocompatibility antigens that are too genetically dissimilar to the host's antigens. The chances of histoincompatibility increase the more dissimilar the host and donor are from each other. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

histologic
Pertaining to histology. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

histologic accommodation
The change in shape of cells to meet altered physical conditions, as the flattening of cuboidal cells in cysts as a result of pressure. ... Synonym: pseudometaplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histological
Pertaining to histology. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

histology
<study> The study of cells and tissue on the microscopic level. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

histoma
<oncology, tumour> A histoma is any tumour which was derived from mature tissue. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

histometaplastic
Exciting tissue metaplasia. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Histomonas meleagridis
A protozoan flagellate (order Trichomonadida) parasitizing the intestine and liver of turkeys, chickens, and many other domestic and wild gallinaceous birds; it is nearly ubiquitous but rarely pathogenic in chickens; in the turkey, it causes histomoniasis. It is now considered to be in a family (Monocercomonadidae) that includes Dientamoeba. ... Syn …

histomoniasis
A disease chiefly affecting turkeys, caused by Histomonas meleagridis and characterised by ulcerative and necrotic lesions of the liver and caecum, acute onset, and a high mortality rate. It is transmitted inside the eggs of the nematode Heterakis gallinae, which is primarily responsible for maintaining and spreading the infection. ... Synonym: blac …

histomorphometry
The quantitative measurement and characterization of microscopical images using a computer; manual or automated digital image analysis typically involves measurements and comparisons of selected geometric areas, perimeters, length angle of orientation, form factors, centre of gravity coordinates, as well as image enhancement. ... Origin: histo-+ G. …

histomycosis
A disease of body tissues which are deep within the body. Histomycosis is caused by infection from fungi. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

histone
<molecular biology> Protein found in the nuclei of all eukaryotic cells where they are complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes. They are of relatively low molecular weight and are basic, having a very high arginine/lysine content. They are highly conserved and can be grouped into five major classes. Two copies of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 bin …

histone bases
The alpha-amino acids arginine, histidine, and lysine, which are basic by virtue of the presence in the side chains of a guanidine, imidazole, and amine group, respectively; the term 'hexone' is a misnomer since histidine does not have six carbons. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histone deacetylase
<enzyme> Hydrolyzes n-acetyl groups on histones. ... Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histone gene
A histone gene is any gene which codes for histone proteins. (Histones help compact DNA so that it will fit into an eukaryotic cells nucleus). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

histone h2b kinase
<enzyme> 96 kD serine kinase from xenopus that phosphorylates histone h2b; a component or target of the raf-mek-erk pathway ... Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- ... Synonym: p96(h2bk) ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

histone-lysine n-methyltransferase
<enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the methylation of the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in proteins to yield epsilon mono-, di-, and trimethyllysine. ... Chemical name: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:histone-L-lysine N(6)-methyltransferase ... Registry number: EC 2.1.1.43 ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histonectomy
Synonym: periarterial sympathectomy. ... Origin: histo-+ G. Ektome, excision ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histones
Proteins associated with DNA in chromosomes. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

histoneurology
Synonym for neurohistology ... The microscopic anatomy of the nervous system. ... Synonym: histoneurology. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histonomy
A law of the development and structure of the tissues of the body. ... Origin: histo-+ G. Nomos, law ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histonuria
The excretion of histone in the urine, as observed in certain instances of leukaemia, febrile illnesses, and wasting diseases. ... Origin: histone + G. Ouron, urine ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histopathogenesis
Abnormal embryonic development or growth of tissue. ... Origin: histogenesis + pathogenesis ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histopathology
<study> This is the science concerned with the study of microscopic changes in diseased tissues. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

histophysiology
The microscopic study of tissues in relation to their functions. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histoplasma
A fungus found worldwide. In the USA, it is so common in the midwest that in parts of kentucky and tennessee nearly 90% of adults show evidence of exposure (with a positive histoplasma skin test). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

Histoplasma capsulatum
A dimorphic fungus species of worldwide distribution that causes histoplasmosis in humans and other mammals; its ascomycetous state is Ajellomyces capsulatum. The organism's natural habitat is soil fertilised with bird and bat droppings, where it grows as a mold, fragments of which, following inhalation, produce the primary pulmonary infection; wit …

histoplasmin
<protein> Filtrate of a mycelial culture of Histoplasma capsulatum, the causative agent of histoplasmosis. Histoplasmin is intradermally injected in a skin test for the disease. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

histoplasmin-latex test
A passive agglutination test for histoplasmosis; latex particles, sensitised with antigen extracted from Histoplasma capsulatum, are used in a flocculation reaction with the patient's serum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histoplasmoma
An infectious granuloma caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

histoplasmosis
A fungal disease that is rarely a significant problem in those with a normal functioning immune system. This infection is more common in the southeastern, midatlantic and central states. The vast majority of infections are either asymptomatic or mild and the diagnosis can be difficult. Cough, fever, malaise and typical chest X-ray findings can occu …

historadiography
Radiography of tissue, specifically microscopic sections; usually microradiography. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

historic ecosystem
The ecosystem intended for restoration which currently exists, or has been known to exist from historical documents, within the geographic region of a restoration site. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

historic wetland
<ecology> An area of land that is no longer a wetland but which once was, usually refers to areas that were wetlands at the beginning of the Gold Rush (1849). ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

historical article
An article or portion of an article giving an account of past events or circumstances significant in a field of study, a profession, a discovery, an invention, etc. The concept of history is very wide, ranging from the dawn of time to the present. This publication type is often checked in conjunction with biography. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

historical geographic locations
Countries known in remote history (as byzantium) or former names of countries reflecting political changes in the 20th century (as germany, east). ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

historrhexis
Breakdown of tissue by some agency other than infection. ... Origin: histo-+ G. Rhexis, rupture ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

history
Origin: L.historia, Gr. 'istoria history, information, inquiry, fr. 'istwr, 'istwr, knowing, learned, from the root of to know; akin to E. Wit. See Wit, and cf. Story. ... 1. A learning or knowing by inquiry; the knowledge of facts and events, so obtained; hence, a formal statement of such information; a narrative; a description; a written record; a …

history of medicine, ancient
The period of the history of medicine before 500 a.d. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

history of medicine, early modern
The period of the history of medicine from 1451 through 1600 a.d. History of medicine, 15th cent. And history of medicine, 16th cent. Are also available. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

history of medicine, medieval
The period of the history of medicine from 500 through 1450 a.d. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

history of medicine, modern
The period of the history of medicine from 1601 a.d. To the present. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...