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mondofacto - Online Medical Dictionary Category: Health and Medicine > Medical Dictionary Date & country: 26/01/2008, UK Words: 116197

human scarlet fever immune serum
Scarlet fever convalescent serum, obtained from healthy persons who have survived an attack of scarlet fever. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

human serum
See: dried human serum, normal human serum. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

human serum jaundice
An obsolete name for hepatitis transmitted parenterally, usually by blood or blood products; usually due to hepatitis B. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

human T lymphotrophic virus
A virus that has a predilection for human lymphoid cells. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

human T-cell leukaemia virus
<virology> One of a group of retroviruses which causes the disease T-cell leukaemia in humans. T-cell leukaemia is a type of the cancer leukaemia where the body uncontrollably produces large amounts of abnormal (nonworking) T lymphocytes. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

human T-cell lymphotropic virus
Synonym for human T-cell lymphoma/leukaemia virus ... A group of viruses (subfamily Oncovirinae, family Retroviridae) that are lymphotropic with a selective affinity for the helper/inducer cell subset of T lymphocytes and that are associated with adult T-cell leukaemia and lymphoma. ... Synonym: human T-cell lymphotropic virus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

human t-lymphotropic virus
<virology> Type i: A human, single-stranded RNA retrovirus from the subfamily Oncovirinae which causes adult T-cell leukaemia and T-cell lymphoma and may also be involved in certain demyelinating diseases (diseases where the protective myelin sheath around nerve fibres are destroyed). HTLV-I is closely related to HTLV-II (60% of their genomes …

human thioesterase
<enzyme> Homologous to e. Coli thioesterase II; not similar to animal thioesterases I or II; genbank x86032 ... Registry number: EC 3.1.2.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

human thrombin
Thrombin obtained from human plasma by precipitation with suitable salts and organic solvents; same uses as thrombin. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humane
Marked by sympathy, compassion or concern for other humans or for animals. ... (09 Oct 1997) ...

humanism
An ethical system which emphasizes human values and the personal worth of each individual, as well as concern for the dignity and freedom of humankind. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

humanistic psychology
An existential approach to psychology which emphasizes humans' uniqueness, subjectivity, and capacity for psychological growth. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humanity
Origin: L. Humanitas: cf. F. Humanite. See Human. ... 1. The quality of being human; the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from other beings. ... 2. Mankind collectively; the human race. 'But hearing oftentimes The still, and music humanity.' (Wordsworth) 'It is a debt we owe to humanity.' (S. S. Smith) ... 3. The quality of being h …

humanize
1. To render human or humane; to soften; to make gentle by overcoming cruel dispositions and rude habits; to refine or civilize. 'Was it the business of magic to humanize our natures with compassion?' (Addison) ... 2. To give a human character or expression to. 'Humanised divinities.' ... 3. <medicine> To convert into something human or belongi …

humble
1. Near the ground; not high or lofty; not pretentious or magnificent; unpretending; unassuming; as, a humble cottage. 'THy humble nest built on the ground.' (Cowley) ... 2. Thinking lowly of one's self; claiming little for one's self; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; thinking one's self ill-deserving or unworthy, when judged by the demands of God; …

Humby knife
A knife with a roller and a calibration device to cut skin grafts of different thickness. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humectation
1. Therapeutic application of moisture. ... 2. Serous infiltration of the tissues. ... 3. Soaking of a crude drug in water preparatory to the making of an extract. ... Origin: L. Humecto, pp. -mectus, to moisten, fr. Humeo, to be damp ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humeral
1. Of, relating to or situated in the region of the humerus: brachial. ... 2. Of or belonging to the shoulder. ... 3. Of, relating to or being any of several body parts that are analogous in structure, function or location to the humerus or shoulder. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

humeral artery
Synonym for brachial artery ... <anatomy, artery> The artery that runs from the shoulder down to the elbow. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

humeral articulation
Synonym for shoulder joint ... A ball-and-socket synovial joint between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula. ... Synonym: articulatio humeri, glenohumeral articulation, humeral articulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humeral head
The name applied to the heads of forearm muscles that attach to the humerus. Nomina Anatomica lists humeral heads (caput humerale...) of the following: 1) flexor carpli ulnaris muscle (... Musculi flexoris carpi ulnaris ); 2) pronator teres muscle (... Musculi pronatoris teretis ). ... Synonym: caput humerale. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humeroradial
Relating to both humerus and radius; denoting especially the ratio of length of one to the other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humeroradial articulation
Synonym for humeroradial joint ... The portion of the elbow joint between the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius. ... Synonym: articulatio humeroradialis, humeroradial articulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humeroradial joint
The portion of the elbow joint between the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius. ... Synonym: articulatio humeroradialis, humeroradial articulation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humeroscapular
Humeral and scapular, of or relating to the shoulder or the scapula. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

humeroulnar
Relating to both humerus and ulna; denoting especially the ratio of length of one to the other. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humeroulnar joint
The portion of the elbow joint between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna. ... Synonym: articulatio humeroulnaris. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humic acids
<chemical> Allomelanins found in soils, coals, and peat, resulting from the decomposition of organic matter, particularly dead plants. They are a mixture of complex macromolecules having polymeric phenolic structures with the ability to chelate metals, especially iron. (merck index, 11th ed) ... Pharmacological action: chelating agents. ... Che …

humid
Containing sensible moisture; damp; moist; as, a humidair or atmosphere; somewhat wet or watery; as, humid earth; consisting of water or vapor. 'Evening cloud, or humid bow.' (Milton) ... Origin: L. Humidus, umidus, fr. Humere, umere, to be moist; akin to uvidus moist, Gr, Skr. Uksh to wet, sprinkle, and Icel. Vokr moist, and perh. To E. Ox: cf. F. …

humid tetter
wet tetter ...

humidifier
A machine that puts moisture in the air. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

humidity
Moisture; dampness; a moderate degree of wetness, which is perceptible to the eye or touch; used especially of the atmosphere, or of anything which has absorbed moisture from the atmosphere, as clothing. ... In hygrometrical reports (as of the United States Signal Service) complete saturation of the air is designated by Humidity 100, and its partial …

Hummelsheim
Eduard K.M.J., German ophthalmologist, 1868-1952. ... See: Hummelsheim's operation. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hummelsheim's operation
Transplantation of a normal ocular rectus muscle, to substitute for a paralysed muscle. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humor
1. Moisture, especially, the moisture or fluid of animal bodies, as the chyle, lymph, etc.; as, the humors of the eye, etc. ... The ancient physicians believed that there were four humors (the blood, phlegm, yellow bile or choler, and black bile or melancholy), on the relative proportion of which the temperament and health depended. ... 2. <medici …

humor aquosus
Synonym for aqueous humor ... <physiology> A transparent liquid contained in the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, produced by the ciliary process it passes to the venous system via the canal of Schlemm. ... (27 Sep 1997) ...

humor vitreus
Synonym for vitreous humor ... <ophthalmology> The gel-like substance that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina. ... (11 Nov 1997) ...

humoral
<physiology> Of, relating to, proceeding from or involving a bodily humour now often used of endocrine factors as opposed to neural or somatic. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

humoral antibodies
<immunology> Antibodies which are secreted by B lymphocytes circulating in the blood, in response to antigens found in body fluids. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

humoral doctrine
The ancient Greek theory of the four body humors (blood, yellow and black bile, and phlegm) that determined health and disease. The humors were associated with the four elements (air, fire, earth, and water), which in turn corresponded to a pair of the qualities (hot, cold, dry, and moist). A proper and evenly balanced mixture of the humors was cha …

humoral immune response
<immunology> Those immune responses mediated by antibody. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

humoral immunity
<immunology> A form of immunity whereby B lymphocytes and plasma cells produce antibodies to foreign agents (antigens) and stimulate T lymphocytes to attack them (cellular immunity). ... These antibodies also stimulate the release of chemical mediators (for example interferon, complement) which enhance antigen destruction. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

humoral pathology
The thesis that disorders in the fluids of the body, especially the blood, are the basic factors in disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humoral theory
Synonym for humoral doctrine ... The ancient Greek theory of the four body humors (blood, yellow and black bile, and phlegm) that determined health and disease. The humors were associated with the four elements (air, fire, earth, and water), which in turn corresponded to a pair of the qualities (hot, cold, dry, and moist). A proper and evenly balanc …

humorist
1. <medicine> One who attributes diseases of the state of the humors. ... 2. One who has some peculiarity or eccentricity of character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical ways. 'He [Roger de Coverley] . . . Was a great humorist in all parts of his life.' (Addison) ... 3. One who displays humor in speaking or writing; one who has a facetious …

humour
1. <physiology> A normal functioning fluid or semifluid of the body (as the blood, lymph or bile) especially of vertebrates. ... 2. A secretion that is itself an excitant of activity (as certain hormones). ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

humpback
1. A crooked back; a humped back. ... 2. A humpbacked person; a hunchback. ... 3. <marine biology> Any whale of the genus Megaptera, characterised by a hump or bunch on the back. Several species are known. The most common ones in the North Atlantic are Megaptera longimana of Europe, and M. Osphyia of America; that of the California coasts is M. …

Humphry, Sir George
<person> English surgeon, 1820-1896. ... See: Humphry's ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Humphry's ligament
Synonym for anterior meniscofemoral ligament ... <anatomy> The ligamentous band that passes anterior to the posterior cruciate ligament, extending between the posterior portion of the lateral meniscus and the upper end of the anterior cruciate ligament. ... Synonym: ligamentum meniscofemorale anterius, Humphry's ligament. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humulene cyclase
<enzyme> Catalyses the cyclization of farnesyl pyrophosphate; probably by intramolecular electrophilic attack by c-1 bearing the pyrophosphate ester on c-11 of the terminal double bond to give a humulyl cation which is stabilised by deprotonation at c-9 to form all-trans humulene; mw 57 kD ... Registry number: EC 5.- ... (26 Jun 1999) ...

humulus
The dried fruits (strobiles) of Humulus lupulus (family Moraceae), a climbing herb of central and northern Asia, Europe, and North America; an aromatic bitter, mildly sedative, and a diuretic; primarily used in the brewing industry for giving aroma and flavor to beer. ... Synonym: hops. ... Origin: Mediev. L. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

humus
<ecology> The part of dirt or soil which comes from organic matter, such as from dead and decaying plants and animal remains. ... (06 Mar 1998) ...

hunchback
Nonmedical term for kyphosis or gibbus. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hundred
1. The product of ten mulitplied by ten, or the number of ten times ten; a collection or sum, consisting of ten times ten units or objects; five score. Also, a symbol representing one hundred units, as 100 or C. ... The word hundred, as well as thousand, million, etc, often takes a plural form. We may say hundreds, or many hundreds, meaning individu …

Hung's method
Synonym for Wilson's method ... A simple saline flotation method for concentrating helminth eggs in the faeces. ... See: flotation method. ... Synonym: Hung's method. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hunger
1. An uneasy sensation occasioned normally by the want of food; a craving or desire for food. ... The sensation of hunger is usually referred to the stomach, but is probably dependent on excitation of the sensory nerves, both of the stomach and intestines, and perhaps also on indirect impressions from other organs, more or less exhausted from lack o …

hunger contractions
Strong contraction's of the stomach associated with hunger pains. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hunger pain
Cramp in the epigastrium associated with hunger. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunner, Guy
<person> U.S. Surgeon, 1868-1957. ... See: Hunner's stricture, Hunner's ulcer, Fenwick-Hunner ulcer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunner's stricture
Bladder stricture produced by interstitial cystitis (Hunner's ulcer). ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunner's ulcer
A focal and often multiple lesion involving all layers of the bladder wall in chronic interstitial cystitis; the surface epithelium is destroyed by inflammation and the initially pale lesion cracks and bleeds with distention of the bladder. ... Synonym: elusive ulcer, Fenwick-Hunner ulcer. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hunt
1. To search for or follow after, as game or wild animals; to chase; to pursue for the purpose of catching or killing; to follow with dogs or guns for sport or exercise; as, to hunt a deer. 'Like a dog, he hunts in dreams.' (Tennyson) ... 2. To search diligently after; to seek; to pursue; to follow; often with out or up; as, to hunt up the facts; to …

Hunt, James Ramsay
<person> U.S. Neurologist, 1872-1937. ... See: Hunt's atrophy, Hunt's neuralgia, Hunt's paradoxical phenomenon, Hunt's syndrome, Ramsay Hunt's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunt, William E
<person> U.S. Neurosurgeon, *1921. ... See: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunt's atrophy
An obsolete term for atrophy of the small muscles of the hand without sensory disturbances; two types are recognised: thenar, from compression of the thenar branch of the median nerve; hypothenar, from compression of the deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunt's neuralgia
Synonym for geniculate neuralgia ... A severe paroxysmal lancinating pain deep in the ear, on the anterior wall of the external meatus, and on a small area just in front of the pinna. ... Synonym: geniculate otalgia, Hunt's neuralgia, neuralgia facialis vera. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunt's paradoxical phenomenon
In dystonia musculorum deformans, if an attempt is made at plantar flexion of the foot when the foot is in dorsal spasm the only response is an increase of the extensor, or dorsal, spasm; if, however, the patient is told to extend the foot which is already in a state of strong dorsal flexion, there will be a sudden movement of plantar flexion; the …

Hunt's syndrome
<syndrome> An intention tremor beginning in one extremity, gradually increasing in intensity, and subsequently involving other parts of the body. ... Synonym: progressive cerebellar tremor. ... Facial paralysis, otalgia, and herpes zoster resulting from viral infection of the seventh cranial nerve and geniculate ganglion, a form of juvenile par …

hunter
1. One who hunts wild animals either for sport or for food; a huntsman. ... 2. A dog that scents game, or is trained to the chase; a hunting dog. ... 3. A horse used in the chase; especially, a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting. ... 4. One who hunts or seeks after anything, as if for game; as, a fortune hunter a place hunter. 'No keener hunte …

Hunter and Driffield curve
Synonym for characteristic curve ... Sensitometric curve of radiographic film, a plot of the film density versus the logarithm of the relative exposure. ... Synonym: H and D curve, Hunter and Driffield curve. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunter syndrome
<syndrome> A recessive mucopolysaccharidosis, also designated mucopolysaccharidosis II, caused by a deficiency of the enzyme iduronate sulphate sulphatase which breaks down dermatan sulphate and heparen sulphate and consequently, the mucopolysaccharides accumulate in the cells of the body and cause damage. ... Symptoms are treated as they appe …

Hunter-Schreger bands
Alternating light and dark lines seen in dental enamel that begin at the dentoenamel junction and end before they reach the enamel surface; they represent areas of enamel rods cut in cross-sections dispersed between areas of rods cut longitudinally. ... Synonym: Hunter-Schreger lines, Schreger's lines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunter-Schreger lines
Synonym for Hunter-Schreger bands ... Alternating light and dark lines seen in dental enamel that begin at the dentoenamel junction and end before they reach the enamel surface; they represent areas of enamel rods cut in cross-sections dispersed between areas of rods cut longitudinally. ... Synonym: Hunter-Schreger lines, Schreger's lines. ... (05 Mar …

Hunter, Charles
<person> Canadian physician, 1872-1955. ... See: Hunter's syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunter, John
<person> Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist and pathologist, 1728-1793. ... See: Hunter's canal, Hunter's gubernaculum, Hunter's operation, Hunter-Schreger bands, Hunter-Schreger lines. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunter, William
<person> Scottish anatomist and obstetrician, 1718-1783. ... See: Hunter's ligament, Hunter's line, Hunter's membrane. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunter, William A
<person> English pathologist, 1861-1937. ... See: Hunter's glossitis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunter's canal
Synonym for adductor canal ... The space in middle third of the thigh between the vastus medialis and adductor muscles, converted into a canal by the overlying sartorius muscle. It gives passage to the femoral vessels and saphenous nerve, ending at the adductor hiatus. ... Synonym: canalis adductorius, Hunter's canal, subsartorial canal. ... (05 Mar 2 …

Hunter's glossitis
See: atrophic glossitis. ... Median rhomboid glossitis, an asymptomatic, ovoid or rhomboid, macular or mamellated, erythematous lesion with papillary atrophy on the dorsum of the tongue just anterior to the circumvalate papillae; thought to represent a persistent tuberculum impar. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunter's gubernaculum
An obsolete term for gubernaculum testis. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunter's ligament
Synonym for round ligament of uterus ... A fibromuscular band that is attached to the uterus on either side in front of and below the opening of the uterine tube; it passes through the inguinal canal to the labium majus; corresponds to the spermatic cord of male in that it passes through the inguinal canal and gains similar coverings, but is not hom …

Hunter's line
Synonym for linea alba ... A fibrous band running vertically the entire length of the centre of the anterior abdominal wall, receiving the attachments of the oblique and transverse abdominal muscles. ... Synonym: Hunter's line, white line. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunter's membrane
Synonym for deciduous membrane ... The mucous membrane of the pregnant uterus that has already undergone certain changes, under the influence of the ovulation cycle, to fit it for the implantation and nutrition of the ovum; so-called because the membrane is cast off after labour. ... Synonym: membrana decidua, caduca, decidua, Hunter's membrane. ... ( …

Hunter's operation
Ligation of the artery proximal and distal to an aneurysm. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hunter's syndrome
<syndrome> An error of mucopolysaccharide metabolism characterised by deficiency of iduronate sulfatase, with excretion of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in the urine; clinically similar to Hurler's syndrome but distinguished by less severe skeletal changes, no corneal clouding, and X-linked recessive inheritance. ... Synonym: type II mu …

hunting
The pursuit of game or of wild animals. Happy hunting grounds, the region to which, according to the belief of American Indians, the souls of warriors and hunters pass after death, to be happy in hunting and feasting. Hunting box. Same As Hunting lodge (below). ... <medicine> Hunting cat, a spider which hunts its prey, instead of catching it i …

hunting phenomenon
Synonym for hunting reaction ... An unusual reaction of digital blood vessels exposed to cold; vasoconstriction is alternated with vasodilation in irregular repeated sequences, in an apparent hunting of equilibrium of skin temperature. ... Synonym: hunting phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

hunting reaction
An unusual reaction of digital blood vessels exposed to cold; vasoconstriction is alternated with vasodilation in irregular repeated sequences, in an apparent hunting of equilibrium of skin temperature. ... Synonym: hunting phenomenon. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

huntingtin
<molecular biology> Protein product of the IT15 gene that has variable numbers of polyglutamine repeats in Huntingdon's disease. The IT15 gene is widely expressed and required for nomal development. The polyglutamine repeats (44 in the commonest form of the disease) increase the interaction of huntingtin with huntingtin associated protein 1 ( …

Huntington
George, U.S. Physician, 1850-1916. ... See: Huntington's chorea, Huntington's disease. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Huntington chorea
Synonym for Huntington disease ... <neurology> An inherited adult-onset disease of the central nervous system. ... It is characterised by dementia and bizarre involuntary movements. The disease is progressive and there is currently no known cure. ... The identification of the gene (huntingtin) on chromosome 4p now allows for direct mutation anal …

Huntington disease
<neurology> An inherited adult-onset disease of the central nervous system. ... It is characterised by dementia and bizarre involuntary movements. The disease is progressive and there is currently no known cure. ... The identification of the gene (huntingtin) on chromosome 4p now allows for direct mutation analysis. The gene contains a trinucle …

Huntington's chorea
A progressive disorder usually beginning in young to middle age, consisting of a triad of choreoathetosis, dementia, and autosomal dominant inheritance with complete penetrance. Bilateral marked wasting of the putamen and the head of the caudate nucleus is characteristic. ... Synonym: chronic progressive chorea, degenerative chorea, hereditary chore …

huntington's disease
An hereditary disorder with mental and physical deterioration leading to death. Although characterised as an adult-onset disease (as is usually the case), we have seen children with full-blown huntington's disease. ... (12 Dec 1998) ...

HuP gene
<molecular biology> Human equivalents of the Pax genes. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Hurler
Gertrud, Austrian paediatrician, 1889-1965. ... See: Hurler's disease, Hurler's syndrome, Pfaundler-Hurler syndrome. ... (05 Mar 2000) ...

Hurler syndrome
<syndrome> A hereditary metabolic disorder, also designated mucopolysaccharidosis I, is caused by a recessive gene which results in a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase, which breaks down dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate, two types of mucopolysaccharides (complex carbohydrates). Consequently, the mucopolysaccharides accumulate …

Hurler-Scheie syndrome
<syndrome> Although clinically distinct diseases, fibroblasts from patients with Hurler syndrome and with Scheie syndrome do not cross complement in culture, suggesting that the enzyme defect is the same. ... (18 Nov 1997) ...

Hurler's disease
Synonym for Hurler's syndrome ... <syndrome> Mucopolysaccharidosis in which there is a deficiency of alpha-l-iduronidase, an accumulation of an abnormal intracellular material, and excretion of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in the urine; with severe abnormality in development of skeletal cartilage and bone, with dwarfism, kyphosis, defo …

Hurler's syndrome
<syndrome> Mucopolysaccharidosis in which there is a deficiency of alpha-l-iduronidase, an accumulation of an abnormal intracellular material, and excretion of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in the urine; with severe abnormality in development of skeletal cartilage and bone, with dwarfism, kyphosis, deformed limbs, limitation of joint m …